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Biomedical subjects

K Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to K Fukuda.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The role of cigarette smoking and drinking in the development of liver cancer: 28 years of observations on male cohort members in a farming and fishing area.

Cohort studies of 639 males in a farming area (Cohort I) and 677 males in a fishing area (Cohort II) in Kyushu, Japan, had been conducted to assess the involvement of smoking and drinking in the development of liver cancer. An observed-to-expected (O/E) ratio of liver cancer was 1.3 in Cohort I and 3.1 (p less than 0.01) in Cohort II. A significant excess in deaths was found in Cohort II. No significant risk elevation was observed for smokers and drinkers in Cohort I. Although the odds ratio (OR) of 3.6 (0.6 to 22.3) suggested an elevated risk among cigarette smokers in Cohort II, no clear linear trend of ORs was observed. In contrast, a significant elevation of OR (7.0) was noted among shochu drinkers in this cohort. The respective ORs were 5.0 (1.3 to 19.7), 8.6 (2.1 to 36.1), 14.1 (3.6 to 55.9) for shochu drinkers of less than 1, 1 to 2, and 2+ units (approximately 180 ml in volume), and a highly significant dose-response relationship was observed (chi 2 = 12.1; p less than 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated an insignificant effect of smoking and a major contribution of drinking to the development of liver cancer. Shochu drinking (or probably high alcohol intake) seems to have a significant involvement in the etiology of liver cancer, at least in Cohort II.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A case of myxedema with diffuse myocardial fibrosis proven by endomyocardial biopsy].

We report a middle-aged woman with myxedema heart who presented both clinical features resembling dilated cardiomyopathy and the diffuse myocardial fibrosis proven by endomyocardial biopsy. Thirty years previously, when she was 36 years old, partial thyroidectomy had been performed after a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was made. Four years later, she experienced dry skin and peripheral edema, and hypothyroidism was diagnosed. Several months after, replacement therapy for hypothyroidism improved her symptoms. However, the therapy was discontinued because of her ignorance of the disease. Twenty six years later (64 years old), she felt exertional dyspnea, and was admitted to Fukuoka University Hospital for evaluation of her cardiac state. Thyroid function test revealed primary hypothyroidism with low T3, low T4 and high TSH levels. Cardiothoracic ratio on chest X-ray film was 69%. Electrocardiogram showed low voltage in the limb leads and intraventricular conduction disturbance. Echocardiogram demonstrated marked dilatation and severely reduced wall motion of the left ventricle and pericardial effusion. Left ventriculogram showed diffuse hypokinesis with 27% of the ejection fraction. No significant stenosis was observed on coronary arteriogram. Seventeen-month replacement therapy did not improve these cardiac findings significantly. Transvenous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated diffuse myocardial fibrosis without inflammatory infiltrate, which was interpreted as a sequel of interstitial lesions of the myxedema heart such as edema or mucoid infiltration. This pathological finding suggests that long-standing untreated hypothyroidism can cause irreversible myocardial damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A rare adult case of double-outlet right ventricle without pulmonary stenosis: an autopsy case].

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare cardiac malformation especially in adulthood. We report a woman with DORV who survived to the age of 33 years. She had not been seriously limited, before she visited our hospital for cardiac evaluation at the age of 25 years. She was cyanotic, and had clubbing of fingers and toes and facial edema. Holosystolic murmur and diastolic regurgitant murmur were audible along the left sternal border. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary trunks. Electrocardiography showed right axis deviation and biventricular hypertrophy. Laboratory examination revealed polycythemia (Hb: 22.4 g/dl), increased levels of hepatic enzymes due to congestive liver and marked hypoxemia (Pao2: 40 mmHg), Diagnosis of DORV was made with cardioangiography. Surgical repair was not indicated. Thereafter, she experienced recurrent heart failure which progressed gradually. She died probably of ventricular arrhythmia at the age of 33 years. At autopsy, the heart showed dilatation of the right atrium and ventricle, and hypertrophy of the bilateral ventricles. Both the pulmonary artery without stenosis and the aorta originated completely from the right ventricle, which were almost normally positioned with bilateral conus. Large ventricule septal defect was found at the subaortic portion. Patent ductus arteriosus and preductal aortic coarctation co-existed. To our knowledge, few cases with DORV who survived over 30 years have been reported, and they all manifested pulmonary stenosis. The present case is a very rare DORV that survived over 30 years without the complication of pulmonary stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Right thoracic kidney with simple renal cyst: report of a case].

A case of right thoracic kidney with simple renal cyst is reported. A 67-year-old man was pointed out to have an abnormal shadow in the right lower lung field of chest X-ray film. He was asymptomatic. Laboratory test was normal. Computed tomography and excretory urography confirmed the right thoracic kidney with a simple cyst. Adrenal scintigraphy revealed a high ectopic adrenal gland with right thoracic kidney. Since he was asymptomatic, treatment was not required. High ectopic kidney is extremely rare and 74 cases have been reported in the domestic literature in Japan. Thoracic kidney should be considered as one of differential diagnoses of abnormal mediastinal shadow.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of the treatment of early cervical neoplasia by carbon dioxide laser conization].

One hundred twenty patients with cervical neoplasia were treated by conization, 78 with a carbon dioxide laser and 42 with a cold knife. Bleeding during the conization was 82.5 +/- 91.4 ml with the laser and 117.3 +/- 82.6 ml with the cold knife. The time required for the operation was 55.0 +/- 16.7 min and 37.7 +/- 10.2 min, respectively. With the aid of a local injection of epinephrine, peroperative bleeding was much less pronounced in the laser group (25.4 +/- 39.5 ml) and the time required for the operation was further shortened to 36.4 +/- 15.0 min. Six patients treated with the cold knife (14.3%) suffered postoperative hemorrhage requiring hemostasis, but only one in the laser series (1.3%). Forty-nine patients of 78 treated with the laser and 15 of 42 treated with the cold knife were subjected to conservative therapy. All of them were followed up by cytology, colposcopy and histology, and there was no failure or recurrence at either 8 weeks and 1 year after the operation. Unsatisfactory colposcopic findings developed in 9 patients (18.4%) in the laser group compared with 11 patients (73.3%) in the cold knife group. Specimens obtained after laser conization were satisfactory for use in histopathological evaluation. Conization with a carbon dioxide laser appears to be an acceptable procedure as a diagnostic method and conservative therapy for cervical neoplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunocytochemical detection of S-phase cells in normal and neoplastic cervical epithelium by anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody.

The use of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to identify S-phase cells was examined in 30 cervical biopsy specimens and 30 cervical smears from 18 patients with cervical neoplasia. Each patient received a local injection of 300 mg to 500 mg of BrdU into the cervix, at the time of endocervical laser conization, to label S-phase cells in neoplastic tissue. Labeled cells in normal and neoplastic tissues were detected in biopsy specimens or smears by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using the anti-BrdU MAb. The BrdU labeling index (BrdU LI, defined as the percentage of labeled cells in relation to the total number of cells counted) was calculated for all specimens. The level of BrdU-positive cells was 5.1% in normal cervical squamous epithelium, 12.3% in slight-to-moderate dysplasia and 21.2% in severe dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. In tissues without any dysplasia, BrdU-positive cells were mainly confined to the parabasal layer of the epithelium. In tissues showing slight-to-moderate dysplasia, BrdU-positive cells were mainly found in the lower half of the epithelium. BrdU-positive cells in severe dysplasia to carcinoma in situ were distributed throughout the full thickness of the epithelium. In addition, the few samples of squamous metaplasia and reserve cell hyperplasia encountered in this study exhibited a higher BrdU LI than did normal squamous epithelium. In cytologic specimens, BrdU-positive cells were found only in the cases of carcinoma in situ and in two cases containing normal cervical columnar epithelial cells. These results suggest that the immunocytochemical detection of BrdU by MAb staining may be useful for evaluating the proliferative activity in normal and neoplastic cervical epithelium.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

NAD and NADH values in rapidly sampled dog heart tissues by two different extraction methods.

To clarify the most quantitative extraction method for the determination of NAD and NADH in dog heart tissues, both pyridine dinucleotides were extracted from normal and ischemic heart tissues by the Klingenberg method and the Karp method and determined by bacterial luciferase. Tissues from normal beating hearts were sampled by a specially developed freeze-clamping device in 120 ms to minimize ischemic NADH production during sampling. Samples were obtained from both the subendocardium and the subepicardium of the frozen heart tissues. In the Klingenberg method, NAD and NADH were separately extracted with 0.6 M HClO4 and 0.5 M KOH in 50% ethanol, respectively. Both pyridine dinucleotides were simultaneously extracted with 70% ethanol in 0.01 M phosphate buffer in the Karp method. The mean values of NAD and NADH in the normal tissues were 5.08 +/- 0.84 and 0.18 +/- 0.10 nmol/mg protein, respectively, with a NAD/NADH ratio of 25-30 by the Klingenberg method. While the values by the Karp method were 4.37 +/- 0.68 and 0.09 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein, with a NAD/NADH ratio of 55-65. The efficiency of extraction of both pyridine dinucleotides by the Karp method was lower than that by the Klingenberg method in all tested samples and states of the tissues. These results suggest that the Klingenberg method is preferable for the extraction of both pyridine dinucleotides from dog heart tissues and that the mean NAD/NADH ratio in normal dog heart tissues is 25-30.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of endothelin as a coronary vasoconstrictor in the Langendorff-perfused rat heart.

The effects of endothelin on coronary circulation were studied in isolated rat heart using a constant-flow system. Endothelin (10 fmol to 20 pmol/g heart weight) elevated the coronary perfusion pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Nifedipine (100 nM) inhibited the vasoconstriction and shifted the dose-response curve to the right. These results indicate that endothelin is a potent coronary vasoconstrictor and that its action is possibly mediated by the nifedipine-dependent Ca2+ channel.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ascorbic acid and hexavalent chromium in rat lung preparations after treatment with sodium chromate in vitro and in vivo.

Simultaneous analysis of ascorbic acid and chromium (VI) in soluble fractions and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of rat lungs treated with sodium chromate in vitro and in vivo was performed by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode-array detector. Absorbances at 265 and 370 nm were used for the determination of ascorbic acid and chromium (VI), respectively. The calibration graphs of standard solutions were linear in the test ranges of ascorbic acid an chromium (VI) (below 10 and 8 ppm, respectively). The detection limits of ascorbic acid and chromium (VI) were 1 and 0.5 ng, respectively. The recovery of ascorbic acid from lung tissues homogenized at pH 7.4 was 99%, and that of chromium (VI) was 96%, when tissues were homogenized under alkaline conditions (pH 11.4). Using this method, ascorbic acid levels in the soluble fractions and lavage fluids of normal rat lungs were determined. In the lung of a rat intratracheally injected with a saline solution of sodium chromate, ascorbic acid decreased to 80% of the normal level, and ca. 90% of the chromium (VI) was reduced within 4 min after injection, indicating that the ascorbic acid-related reduction of chromium (VI) is very rapid. The present method will be useful for studies of the reduction of chromium (VI) by ascorbic acid in biological systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Three cases of Wegener's granulomatosis treated with an antimicrobial agent.

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, an antimicrobial agent, was used to treat three cases of cytotoxic agent-resistant Wegener's granulomatosis; one case was refractory to a regimen consisting of azathioprine and prednisolone, and in another two cases the therapy was insufficient to control the disease. By the introduction of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, which has an advantage of fewer side effects compared with the conventional agents, into the regimen, the disease condition was markedly improved in all cases within four months. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is thus considered as one of the most promising drugs to treat, especially, cytotoxic agent-resistant Wegener's granulomatosis. The possible underlying mechanism of the effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is also described.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Structure of the major O-glycosidic oligosaccharide of monkey erythrocyte glycophorin.

Sialic acids and the major O-glycosidic oligosaccharide of glycophorin MK from monkey (Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata) erythrocyte membranes were characterized. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) was found as the major sialic acid, which was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as the trimethylsilyl methyl ester. Three O-glycosidic oligosaccharide units were obtained from a tryptic glycopeptide that contained all of the carbohydrate units in glycophorin MK by mild alkaline borohydride/borotritide treatment. Carbohydrate analyses of the oligosaccharides revealed that they were composed of Neu5Gc, galactose and N-acetylgalactosaminitol in the molar ratios of 1:1:1 (trisaccharide), 2:1:1 (tetrasaccharide) and 3:1:1 (pentasaccharide). The content of oligosaccharide units was estimated to be 1:12:5 for penta-, tetra- and trisaccharide, respectively, based on the yields, the molecular weight, and the number of oligosaccharide attachment sites in the amino-acid sequence. The tetrasaccharide was the major oligosaccharide and its structure was proposed to be Neu5Gc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3[Neu5Gc alpha 2-6]GalNAcol.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of sleep interruption on REM-NREM cycle in nocturnal human sleep.

Forty-four normal male students, aged 18-23 years were studied. After adaptation and baseline night (BN), 3 or 4 consecutive nights were interrupted by a forced awakening (10-90 min) once a night (ENs). Subjects (Ss) were awakened after they had slept for the first sleep cycle plus 20 min of NREM sleep in the 2nd cycle. The REM latencies following return to sleep showed a bimodal distribution separated by 25-30 min. The ENs were divided into 2 clusters: SOREMP (sleep onset REM period) and non-SOREMP nights. After interruption, the 2nd and the 3rd REM durations increased on non-SOREMP nights compared to SOREMP nights. We plotted, separately for SOREMP and non-SOREMP nights, the fluctuation of REM episode probability (FRP) at successive points in time. We examined the correspondence of FRPs derived from the sleep-independent, the sleep-dependent, and the reset hypotheses, with FRP of intact BN. On both SOREMP and non-SOREMP nights, none of the 3 models corresponded with BN. Thus, we suggest that, for both SOREMP and non-SOREMP nights, intervening wakefulness cancels the pre-awakening REM rhythm, and a new REM rhythm starts with or without SOREMP. We discuss factors influencing the rate of SOREMP occurrence (SOREMP %), such as circadian effect, individual differences, length of interruption, and pre-awakening NREM duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of advanced cervical cancer by a combination of peplomycin, vincristine, mitomycin-C, and cisplatin.

Eighteen patients with advanced or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix were treated with a combination of peplomycin, vincristine, mitomycin-C, and cisplatin (POMP). Ten of the 16 evaluable patients (63%) responded, including 4 with a complete response. Median duration of the response was 7 months. Two of 6 with intrapelvic recurrent tumors responded to some extent following intraarterial infusion. The subcutaneous infusion of peplomycin was well accepted by the patients. Toxicity was tolerable. This regimen seemed to be one of the regimens which should be considered for the advanced or recurrent cervical cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical demonstration of histiocytes in normal ectocervical epithelium and epithelial lesions of the uterine cervix.

The numbers of Langerhans cells and lysozyme-positive macrophages were assessed quantitatively in normal ectocervical epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (MICA), clinical invasive squamous cell carcinoma (CICA), and koilocytotic atypia using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. The distribution of Langerhans cells was different from that of lysozyme-positive macrophages in that the former were intermingled with the cervical lesion, while the latter were present mainly surrounding the cervical lesion and/or on the edge of the cervical lesion. The numbers of Langerhans cells and lysozyme-positive macrophages in CIN were significantly larger than those in normal ectocervical epithelium and significantly smaller than those in invasive squamous cell carcinoma (MICA + CICA). Langerhans cell number significantly increased as the grade of CIN advanced. In contrast, the number of lysozyme-positive macrophages did not differ significantly between progressive grades of CIN. As for koilocytotic atypia, the numbers of Langerhans cells and lysozyme-positive macrophages in koilocytotic atypia were significantly greater than those in normal ectocervical epithelium but did not differ significantly from those in CIN 1 and CIN 2. With respect to stromal lymphoid infiltration, invasive squamous cell carcinoma with moderate or dense stromal lymphoid infiltration showed significantly greater numbers of Langerhans cells and lysozyme-positive macrophages than that with no or scattered stromal lymphoid infiltration, but such a correlation was not found in CIN.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

Studies on host specificity in Paragonimus westermani: I. Ultrastructural characterization of metacercariae and juvenile and adult worms from abnormal and definitive hosts.

Comparative ultrastructural studies have been made of newly excysted metacercariae and worms recovered from abnormal (rats) and normal definitive hosts (dogs). Worms from rats survived for prolonged periods without any growth or development in muscles of the host. They appeared to resemble metacercariae in general features, although ultrastructural observations revealed differences in the composition of tegumental granules and the development of the excretory bladder and caeca. Worms from dogs showed well-developed morphology in association with active energy metabolism and biosynthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Studies on host specificity in Paragonimus westermani: II. Histochemical and cytochemical characterization of metacercariae and worms from rats and dogs.

Histochemical tests were done on newly excysted metacercariae and worms recovered from an abnormal host (rat) and the definitive host (dog) for some oxidoreductases, phosphatases and glycosidases. The results demonstrate that rat worms have enzymatic distribution and intensities more similar to those of metacercariae than to adult worms from dogs. Ultracytochemical examination of acid and alkaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase activity was also carried out. Acid phosphatase activity occurred exceptionally in the excretory bladder and caeca of dog worms. No activity was observed in rat worms except for lysosomal granules in the tegument. Alkaline phosphatase activity was exhibited in the excretory bladder in both dog and rat worms. Mg-ATPase activity occurred in the tegument and parenchymal cells in dog worms and in the excretory bladder in rat worms. In metacercariae, little or no reaction for these enzymes was present except for Mg-ATPase activity on the excretory ducts. These observations, together with the histochemical results, indicate that metabolic activity in rat worms is higher than in metacercariae although it is strongly reduced compared with dog worms.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Effects of endothelin on systemic and renal haemodynamics and neuroendocrine hormones in conscious dogs.

1. The effects of endothelin on systemic and renal haemodynamics and plasma concentrations of neuroendocrine hormones including plasma renin activity, aldosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, catecholamines and arginine vasopressin were investigated in 18 conscious dogs. 2. Bolus injection of 4 pmol of endothelin/kg did not cause any significant changes in haemodynamics. Mean arterial pressure was elevated by both doses of 40 pmol/kg [91 +/- 2 to 99 +/- 2 mmHg (12.1 +/- 0.3 to 13.2 +/- 0.3 kPa), P less than 0.05] or 200 pmol/kg [93 +/- 2 to 107 +/- 3 mmHg (12.4 +/- 0.3 to 14.3 +/- 0.4 kPa), P less than 0.01], the latter dose increasing cardiac output (14%, P less than 0.05) and heart rate (9%, P less than 0.05), and the former reducing these parameters (14% and 8%, P less than 0.05, respectively). 3. In contrast with the various changes in systemic haemodynamics, renal blood flow transiently increased immediately after bolus injection in a dose-dependent manner (28%, P less than 0.05, 50%, P less than 0.01 and 110%, P less than 0.01 with 4, 40 and 200 pmol of endothelin/kg, respectively). This transient elevation of renal blood flow was followed by a gradual decrease (16%, P less than 0.05; 31%, P less than 0.01 and 36%, P less than 0.01) at 10 min. 4. All neurohormones were elevated in a dose-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗