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Biomedical subjects

K Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to K Fujii.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Analysis of the transport of valproic acid into saliva from serum.

A study was conducted to explore whether a positive correlation between serum and salivary concentrations of the well-known antiepileptic drug, valproic acid (VPA), in epileptic patients could be explained by facilitated diffusion. The total concentration in saliva (Cs) would be related to the apparent ratio (R(app)++ = 100.Cs/Ct) of Cs to the total concentration in serum (Ct) as follows: Cs = A.R(app)B. This equation can be illustrated with microcomputer-simulated figures by assuming a process of facilitated diffusion for the transport of VPA into saliva from blood by the mechanism of monocarboxylic acid absorption through the intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. The above equation has been proved to be valid when applied to the data reported separately by Gugler and coworkers and by Nitsche and Mascher, who evaluated the pharmacokinetics of VPA. Moreover, we can estimate the serum concentration with the salivary concentration using the above equation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Adrenal insufficiency in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 46-year-old man was admitted because of hypotension and consciousness disturbance. He was a patient with hemophilia B, and diagnosed as having an AIDS-related complex 2 years prior to admission. On admission he had severe hyponatremia. Hormonal studies revealed that he had Addison's disease. Serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titers were high, and a CMV antigen was detected in his urine, which suggested CMV adrenalitis caused by an active CMV infection. After the administration of hydrocortisone and ganciclovir, his general clinical condition and biochemical test results were back to normal. However, the adrenal dysfunction was irreversible, despite the treatment with ganciclovir. With an increase in the number of AIDS patients, we have to consider adrenal insufficiency due to a CMV infection in patients with AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1994

Tumor induction in mice administered neonatally with bis(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine.

ICR mice were given four subcutaneous injections of bis(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine (BOP) 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively, on day 1, 8, 15 and 22 of age. Animals treated with BOP developed mainly tumors of the lung, liver, nasal cavity, and pancreas. Lung tumors were histologically alveolar cell adenoma or adenocarcinoma at an incidence of 41-100%, hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma 59-96%, adenoma or adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity 11-26%, and pancreatic acinar cell adenoma or anaplastic carcinoma 3-7%. No sex difference in response to BOP carcinogen was observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Modulation of circadian rhythm of blood pressure by cortisol in patients with hypopituitarism.

We conducted a study to determine the effect of exogenous cortisol on circadian blood pressure changes in patients with hypopituitarism. Under replacement with hydrocortisone of 15 to 25mg either once (8:00) or twice a day (8:00 and 20:00), and with prednisolone of 3.75 to 5mg once a day, the patients underwent non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for 24 hours. The average 24-hour blood pressure before hydrocortisone replacement was 92.9 +/- 1.0 (systolic)/53.2 +/- 0.8mmHg (diastolic), while that after hydrocortisone replacement once or twice a day and prednisolone replacement significantly increased to 108.2 +/- 1.4/63.5 +/- 0.9mmHg, 109.1 +/- 1.6/62.3 +/- 1.0mmHg, and 105.4 +/- 1.2/62.3 +/- 0.9mmHg, respectively. Hydrocortisone replacement once a day showed a significant increase in day-night differences of blood pressure, while hydrocortisone replacement twice a day did not. There were no differences in nocturnal decrease in pulse rate between these two replacements. The daytime and nighttime urinary excretions of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in hydrocortisone replacement once a day were 7.7mg/12hr (daytime) and 1.4mg/12hr (nighttime), respectively, while those in hydrocortisone replacement twice a day were 3.9mg/12hr (daytime) and 3.6mg/12hr (nighttime), respectively. Urinary 17-ketosteroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine did not show any differences between hydrocortisone replacement once and twice a day. These results suggest that hydrocortisone administration is one of the factors which modulate the circadian variation of blood pressure in patients with hypopituitarism, and may also suggest that the circadian change of cortisol secretion participates, at least in part, in the formation of an intrinsic circadian rhythm of blood pressure.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1994

Inhibitory effect of simultaneous intraportal administration of 5-fluorouracil, uracil and degradable starch microspheres on experimental hepatic micrometastasis, is of colon cancer.

This study was designed to examine the optimal regimen of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), uracil and degradable starch microspheres (DSM) to prevent the hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer. BALB/C mice were used as a model of hepatic micrometastasis of mouse transplantable colorectal cancer, Colon 26. We intraportally administered to the mice 5-FU at a dose of 34.8 mg/kg body weight; uracil at the dose equal to, or 8 times higher than that of 5-FU in molar weight and DMS at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. We investigated the hepatic and serum concentrations of 5-FU and uracil and the inhibitory effect of various combinations of the three substances on hepatic metastasis. The study showed that concurrent use of 5-FU with uracil at a dose 8 times higher than that of 5-Fu could keep 5-FU concentration high in hepatic tissue and relatively low in serum. This tendency became more marked with the presence of DSM. These findings support the previous study results that uracil antagonizes breakdown of 5-FU in the liver and with the aid of DSM, retards excretion of 5-FU from the liver. Further investigations for clinical application of this method will lower the incidence of hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of sevoflurane on blood flow velocity in the vertebral artery].

Blood flow velocity in the vertebral artery was measured using transcranial Doppler sonography during sevoflurane anesthesia in 12 patients in the knee-chest position. The correlation between mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) and mean blood flow velocity in the vertebral artery (Vmean) was significant in each patient. Normalized data expressed as a percentage of the individual arithmetic means permitted a composite analysis of data from all patients. Linear regression of normalized MBP (%MBP) on normalized Vmean (%Vmean) showed %Vmean = 24.8 +/- 0.75 %MBP (r = 0.78, P < 0.01). The results of the present study suggest that fluctuations in systemic blood pressure may lead to fluctuations in cerebral blood flow. Therefore, the use of sevoflurane anesthesia must be accompanied by careful management of blood pressure during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of cornea and sclera.

Near-infrared excited Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy was applied in situ on intact rabbit cornea and sclera. High quality Raman spectra were obtained noninvasively from these tissues. The characteristic bands assigned to proline and hydroxyproline appeared in the region of 800-1000 cm-1. Raman spectra of purified type I collagen and other components of the cornea and sclera were also determined. The main elements of the spectra of the cornea and sclera originated from the collagen proteins, and other components such as proteoglycan contributed little. Near-infrared excited Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy can be used for biophysical study of the cornea and sclera in situ or in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Reactivation of phototoxicity test for psoralens plus ultraviolet A by low-dose methotrexate.

Reactivation of a solar burn has been reported after administration of methotrexate for cancer and psoriasis patients. We report a case of psoriasis with a similar but delayed elicitation of phototoxic reaction by administration of low-dose methotrexate one month after psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light (PUVA) treatment. The reactivation was seen in an already receding phototoxicity test area but not in a less phototoxic, noninterval PUVA treated area, suggesting that the reactivation by methotrexate is related with the severity of light-induced skin inflammation.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Pre and post operative evaluation of the perfusion reserve by acetazolamide 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in patients with chronic occlusive cerebral arteries: a comparative study with PET].

We studied the pre and post-operative perfusion reserve using Diamox 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in 7 patients with chronic occlusive cerebral arteries and then compared the results with PET. STA-MCA anastomosis was performed on 5 patients, while a carotid endarterectomy was done on 2 patients. The cerebral blood flow, the vascular response to CO2 or Diamox, the oxygen extraction fraction and transit time (CBV/CBF) were measured by PET. In the pre-operative state, the visual evaluations for hypoperfusion area at rest were agreed in 5 out of 7 patients in HMPAO SPECT and PET studies. In the remaining 2 patients, hypoperfusion areas were only detected in the PET study. The pre-operative evaluation of perfusion reserve was agreed in 2 patients. In the remaining 5 patients, 3 patients showed definite positive(++) in PET and positive(+) in HMPAO SPECT, and one patient showed positive (+) in PET and negative (-) in HMPAO SPECT. The post-operative change of hypoperfusion areas was well agreed in HMPAO SPECT and PET studies. However, the change of perfusion reserve was underestimated in HMPAO SPECT compared with PET. In the semiquantitative and quantitative analyses, the count rate ratios (affected/unaffected side) in HMPAO SPECT were apparently higher than those of CBF in PET. The postoperative change of the count rate ratios in HMPAO SPECT were smaller than those of CBF in PET. There was no significant correlation between the change in the ratio of the HMPAO SPECT after the administration of Diamox and the oxygen extraction fraction, and it was thus thought to be impossible to predict the areas with an increased oxygen extraction fraction. Thus, Diamox HMPAO SPECT may underestimate the areas of hypoperfusion or decrease in perfusion reserve when compared with PET. We should consider these limitations in the evaluation of pre and post operative cerebral hemodynamics.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1994

Hypertension and ageing impair acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of hypertension and ageing on the in vivo effect of acetylcholine on blood pressure and regional vascular conductance and the inhibitory effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, on the effects of acetylcholine. METHODS: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats aged 3-4, 7-8 and 20-26 months, were anaesthetized with pentobarbital. After sino-aortic denervation, regional blood flow in the left common carotid, superior mesenteric, right renal and right femoral arteries was measured with pulsed Doppler flowmeters. After pretreatment with indomethacin (2 mg/kg intravenously), bolus injections of acetylcholine (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 microgram/kg intravenously) were given with or without L-NMMA (20 mg/kg intravenously). RESULTS: Dose-dependent hypotensive responses to acetylcholine were significantly smaller in SHR than in WKY rats in each age group. Ageing reduced the hypotensive effect of acetylcholine in both SHR and WKY rats. In rats aged 3-4 and 7-8 months acetylcholine-induced increases in regional vascular conductances were significantly smaller in SHR than in WKY rats. Ageing reduced acetylcholine-induced increases in regional vascular conductances in WKY rats. L-NMMA had little effect on the responses to acetylcholine in both SHR and WKY rats. Sodium nitroprusside had similar effects in SHR and WKY rats and in age groups within each strain. CONCLUSION: The in vivo vasodilatory action of acetylcholine, which appeared to be partly independent of nitric oxide, was impaired by hypertension and age.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

MR appearance of Virchow-Robin spaces along lenticulostriate arteries: spin-echo and two-dimensional fast low-angle shot imaging.

PURPOSE: To delineate the appearance of normal Virchow-Robin spaces on routine spin-echo images and demonstrate the lenticulostriate arteries within them with a flow-sensitive fast low-angle shot (FLASH) pulse sequence. METHODS: Seventy subjects, free of cerebrovascular diseases and other neurologic disorders, ranging in age from 1 to 75 years, were examined. On a 1.5-T MR system, axial spin-echo images of 5 mm thickness were obtained in all subjects. In 45 of 70 subjects axial two-dimensional FLASH images of 3 mm thickness were continuously imaged. RESULTS: On T1- and spin density-weighted images Virchow-Robin spaces were detected as small foci of cerebrospinal fluid intensity around the anterior commissure in all subjects (100%), and in the basal ganglia at the level of the foramen of Monro in 40 (57%). T2-weighted images equally showed Virchow-Robin spaces around the anterior commissure but were less sensitive than T1- and spin-density weighted images at the level of the foramen of Monro (14%). Virchow-Robin spaces identified on T2-weighted images should be isointense with cerebrospinal fluid. However, one or two spaces in 11 younger subjects were hypointense relative to adjacent brain tissue. On FLASH images most Virchow-Robin spaces identified on spin-echo images were delineated as high-intensity foci, corresponding to lenticulostriate arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Normal Virchow-Robin spaces along the lenticulostriate arteries are frequently detected on spin-echo images. Their appearance, affected by the flow of associated lenticulostriate arteries, varies from hyper- to hypointensity to brain tissue on T2-weighted images. The two-dimensional FLASH sequence can demonstrate the flow of the arteries, thereby helping confirm that these are truly Virchow-Robin spaces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

MR imaging of middle cerebral artery stenosis and occlusion: value of MR angiography.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of MR angiography in conjunction with spin-echo imaging for evaluating vascular patency in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis or occlusion. METHODS: Seven patients with MCA stenosis or occlusion, verified with contrast angiography in five and correlated with transcranial Doppler sonography in two, were examined using two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiographic techniques as well as conventional spin-echo imaging. RESULTS: Of the seven patients, six demonstrated basal ganglionic and/or cortical infarct in the MCA territory. Except one case with minimal stenosis immediately distal to the MCA origin, all six cases with either severe stenosis or occlusion of the main trunk of the MCA showed the absence of normal flow voids using spin-echo imaging in the sylvian fissure on the affected side. However, it was not possible to discriminate between stenosis and occlusion. Although different mechanisms (ie, flow-induced spin dephasing for the 2-D technique and progressive spin saturation for the 3-D technique) were predominantly responsible for the loss of signal through the area of stenosis, both the 2-D and 3-D MR angiograms clearly depicted the compromised flow of the MCA: a focal discontinuity with decreased vessel caliber corresponded to stenosis, and nonvisualization of distal MCA branches represented occlusion. CONCLUSION: Either 2-D or 3-D time-of-flight MR angiography is a useful adjunct to conventional parenchymal spin-echo imaging for evaluating vascular patency in patients with MCA stenosis or occlusion, although it is important to recognize that each technique has a different basis for the loss of signal through the area of stenosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

MR imaging of edematous limbs in lymphatic and nonlymphatic edema.

MR imaging reflects the water content of various tissues. To evaluate the role of MR imaging in the diagnosis of edema, various types of edema were examined with MR imaging. MR imaging of edematous limbs was performed on 60 patients (lymphatic edema 48, nonlymphatic edema 12) using T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and short inversion time inversion recovery sequences. Thickness and signal intensity of the cutis, subcutis and subfascia were evaluated in the images. In all 48 cases with lymphatic edema, trabecular structures suggesting dilated collateral lymphatic vessels were observed in the swollen subcutis. Two cases with nephrotic syndrome showed similar findings. In 6 cases with venous edema, fatty intensity was found in the subfascia. In the remaining 4 cases, the subcutis exhibited only water intensity. MR imaging is a potential contributor to the diagnosis of various edematous diseases.

Adolescent↗