Inhibitory action of CCK-OP on rat proximal colon.
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Acetylcholine↗
Biomedical subjects
K Fujii
Publications and source records attributed to K Fujii.
Incidence and time course of left ventricular dilation in the early convalescent stage of reperfused anterior wall acute myocardial infarction.
The incidence and early process of left ventricular (LV) dilation in 52 patients with reperfused anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were assessed. All patients achieved coronary reflow within 24 hours of the onset and had a patent infarct-related artery in the convalescent stage. Left ventriculography was performed at pre-reflow and 25 days (mean) later to determine LV end-diastolic volume (ml) with the area/length method. Short-axis echo images at the midpapillary muscle level were recorded at days 1, 7, 14, and 28 of the AMI. With use of the papillary muscles as the internal landmarkers, the LV wall was divided into the anterior and posterior segments, and length and thickness of each segment were determined. Among 52 patients, 10 (19%) had a > or = 20% increase in end-diastolic volume in the convalescent stage. Echocardiographic studies demonstrated that there were no significant changes in lengths and thicknesses of the anterior and posterior segments during follow-up study relative to his or her baseline value in 42 patients without LV dilation. In the patients with LV dilation, however, the anterior segment exhibited a mean increase of 25% in its length with a mean decrease of 21% in its thickness at day 7 relative to their baseline values, but no progressive expansion was observed after day 7. A mean increase of 7% in the posterior segment length without reduction in its thickness first became evident at day 28.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coronary Angiography↗
1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats.
The effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats, an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis, were examined. Oral administration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 significantly suppressed the incidence of arthritis and inhibited hind paw swelling. The level of anti-Type II collagen antibodies was decreased in the 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 treated-group. In contrast, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indomethacin, and gold had no effect on either the incidence of arthritis or the antibody levels. These findings demonstrate a beneficial effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on Type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats and indicate that it has an antirheumatic effect.
Animals↗
Effect of left ventricular contractile performance on passive left atrial filling--clinical study using radionuclide angiography.
Many invasive and noninvasive methods have been used to study the cardiac atria; however, few allow quantitative measurement of atrial function. To determine the interaction between left ventricular (LV) contraction and left atrial (LA) filling, gated radionuclide angiography was conducted in 30 normal subjects (24 men and 6 women, mean age 58 +/- 10 years, range 26-68). LV and LA time-activity curves and their first-derivative curves were obtained simultaneously by using the method of Bough et al. The LV ejection fraction (64 +/- 18%) and LV peak ejection rate (LVPER; 3.42 +/- 0.27 EDV/s) were computed from these curves. As indices of LA filling, LA fractional emptying (38 +/- 12%) and LA peak filling rate (LAPFR; 2.86 +/- 0.17 LAVmax/s)--the latter being defined as the peak rate of LA filling during the LA filling phase--were also computed from these curves. In all subjects, the timing of the LVPER coincided with the occurrence of LAPFR, and there was a significant positive correlation between the LVPER and LAPFR (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), indicating that the LAPFR was strongly affected by the degree of LVPER. Thus, these results indicate that LV contractile performance plays an important role in determining LA passive filling during ventricular systole.
Adult↗
Children with unilateral occlusion or stenosis of the ICA associated with surrounding moyamoya vessels--"unilateral" moyamoya disease.
The clinical features of 6 children who are probable sufferers of "unilateral" Moyamoya disease are here reported. They showed angiographic findings which were compatible with those of Moyamoya disease, albeit only on one side. They did not, however, show any basic aetiologic factors. The age of onset, the clinical symptoms and the findings of electroencephalography, angiography, and positron emission tomography in these cases were also quite similar to those in the cases of Moyamoya disease except for unilateral involvement. All 6 patients underwent either direct or indirect EC-IC bypass surgery. In 3 children who received encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis, an indirect bypass procedure, the collateral circulation was well formed postoperatively. In the follow-up study, 2 of the 6 cases starting with a unilateral lesion developed bilateral involvement later. However, the other 4 cases persisted in showing only unilateral involvement. These 4 cases may suggest the existence of "unilateral" Moyamoya disease in the paediatric age, and it is recommended that such cases be treated similarly to those of bilateral Moyamoya disease.
Carotid Artery, Internal↗
Biochemical properties of collagen from ligaments and periarticular tendons of the human knee.
The biochemical properties of collagens from the periarticular connective tissues of the human knee (ligaments, semitendinosus and gracilis tendons, and the iliotibial band) were investigated in subjects ranging from 20 to 70 years of age. Although the total collagen content of most tissues was more than 90% of the dry weight, the anterior cruciate ligament and the iliotibial band had relatively low collagen contents. There were no significant changes in the tissue collagen content with aging. However, the anterior cruciate ligament and the patellar tendon of the 20-year-old subject had a higher content of soluble collagen than the other ligaments and tendons. The iliotibial band of the 20-year-old subject contained more collagen that was soluble by a combination of salt, sodium citrate extractions and pepsin digestion. Dihydroxylysinonorleucine was the major reducible cross-link of collagen from all the ligaments. The amount of dihydroxylysinonorleucine in the anterior cruciate ligament of the 20-year-old subject was much higher than that in the other ligaments. In contrast, the tendons and the iliotibial band contained a large amount of histidino-hydroxymerodesmosine and hydroxylysinonorleucine, while the patellar tendon was the only tendon with a significant content of dihydroxylysinonorleucine. Hydroxypyridinium non-reducible cross-links were more abundant in collagens from ligaments than in collagens from the other tissues. The cross-link study and the analysis of collagen solubility showed that patellar tendon collagen more closely resembled the collagen from the anterior cruciate ligament than that from periarticular tendons. It was also shown that the anterior cruciate ligament contains relatively immature collagen compared with the other ligaments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
ADHD-related behavior among non-referred children: parents' ratings of DSM-III-R symptoms.
To identify the prevalence of ADHD symptoms among non-referred children, parents' ratings based on DSM-III-R criteria for ADHD were obtained for 1022 metropolitan children of ages 4 to 12. The prevalence rates of fourteen behavior items were markedly lower for boys of ages 10-12 than of ages 7-9, and for girls of ages 7-9 than of ages 4-6. 41.5% of the 7.7% subjects meeting ADHD criteria had been identified by their teachers as having problems symptomatic of ADHD, and one third had been reported by their parents as having conduct problems and emotional difficulties. A factor analysis revealed three factors: inattention; hyperactivity; and excessive verbal activities.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
Reaction between imidazolineoxil N-oxide (carboxy-PTIO) and nitric oxide released from cultured endothelial cells: quantitative measurement of nitric oxide by ESR spectrometry.
The performance of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide for the monitoring agent of nitric oxide was investigated. The agent (125-500 microM) was mixed with equal volume of nitric oxide solution, and aliquots of the mixture were applied to ESR spectroscopy. ESR spectra of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl, a product of the agent reacted with nitric oxide, were observed. A linear relationship was observed between the amplitude of the signal and concentrations of nitric oxide up to 80 microM. Endothelial cells cultured on microcarriers were packed in a column, perfused with Krebs solutions and the effluent was mixed to the agent. The same ESR spectra were obtained and amplitude of the signal was increased by bradykinin (3-300 nM), decreased by preincubation of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (3-100 microM) and reversed by following incubation of L-arginine (100 microM).
Analysis of Variance↗
Clinicopathological characterization of cardiac free wall rupture in patients with acute myocardial infarction: difference between early and late phase rupture.
Differences in morphological characteristics have been described in early phase and late phase post-infarction cardiac rupture. In this study, the clinicopathological characteristics of early and late phase rupture have been clarified by reviewing the clinical records of 1450 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Rupture of the left ventricular free wall (blow-out type) developed in 27 of the 1450 patients, and these patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the rupture time: early phase (< 72 h) and late phase (> 4 days). Only one patient had a history of prior infarction. Early phase rupture was characterized by an abrupt slit-like tear in the infarcted myocardium, a preference for anterior infarction sites, no prior myocardial infarction, and no difference in incidence in conventional and reperfusion therapy, while late phase rupture was characterized by the presence of infarct expansion, no preferential infarct site and a very low incidence in patients with successful reperfusion. Hence, early and late phase cardiac rupture differ in their pathogenesis, and thus the approach to the prevention and prediction of early and late phase cardiac rupture should be different.
Aged↗
Dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts reversible dysfunction and quantitates the extent of irreversibly damaged myocardium after reperfusion of anterior myocardial infarction.
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate dobutamine stress echocardiography in identifying reversible dysfunction and assessing the extent of irreversibly damaged myocardium early in acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND: Several experimental and clinical studies have suggested that dobutamine enhances contractile function of stunned or hibernating, or both, myocardium. It is important for clinical strategy to predict the magnitude of improvement in myocardial function early in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: We studied 21 patients with a reperfused first anterior myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed before and during dobutamine infusion (10 micrograms/kg body weight per min) at a mean of 3 days after the infarction. Follow-up echocardiography was performed at a mean of 25 days later. To assess segmental wall motion, we divided the left ventricle into 17 segments and assigned a wall motion abnormality score: 3 = dyskinesia or akinesia; 0 = normal. Improvement in wall motion was indicated by a decrease of at least one grade in segmental score. For quantitative assessment, the ratio of endocardial length showing dyskinesia or akinesia to a left ventricular endocardial length (akinetic length ratio) was determined in the apical long-axis view at each stage. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of dobutamine infusion in detecting improvement in wall motion at follow-up echocardiography were 83% (55 of 66 segments) and 86% (43 of 50 segments), respectively. Excellent correlation was found (r = 0.93, p < 0.001; absolute difference [mean +/- SD] 0.03 +/- 0.05) between the akinetic length ratios measured during dobutamine infusion and in the late convalescent stage. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stage of acute myocardial infarction, low dose dobutamine stress echocardiography provides a useful method for predicting reversible dysfunction with excellent sensitivity and specificity and can also be used to quantitate the extent of irreversibly damaged myocardium.
Adult↗
Cerebrovascular disease.
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Antihypertensive Agents↗
Composite gastric seromuscular and omental pedicle flap for urethral and scrotal reconstruction after Fournier's gangrene.
A new composite gastric seromuscular and omental pedicle flap is described that can provide immediate airtight or watertight closure in the repair of complex defects involving the urethra. This flap was used to repair defects of the urethra, scrotum, and abdominal wall in a patient with Fournier's gangrene. The seromuscular patch was sutured to the urethral defect, and the omentum was applied over the defects of the scrotum and abdominal wall. This new procedure made it possible to close the skin primarily without leakage or infection. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery. Postoperative urethrography demonstrated no leakage or stenosis.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Giant metastatic malignant melanoma with an unknown primary site.
We report a case of malignant melanoma of unknown primary origin which presented with a giant metastatic tumor in his right inguinal region. A 94-year-old man noticed a small subcutaneous tumor in the right inguinal region 3 years earlier, which eventually became as larger as 9 cm in diameter without treatment. Although a histological examination of the lesion showed malignant melanoma, extensive examination did not reveal its primary lesion or any metastasis other than that to the right inguinal area. Our case took an interesting course in that this well-growing metastatic tumor was localized in only one region and supported a previous report indicating that malignant melanoma with unknown primary origin has a low tendency to metastasize and a relatively good prognosis.
Aged↗
In vivo and in vitro sevoflurane-induced lipid peroxidation in guinea-pig liver microsomes.
Sevoflurane is a recently introduced volatile inhalation anaesthetic and is already used commonly in Japan. We investigated the potential of sevoflurane to cause lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. For the in vitro study, pentane formation in a mixture of guinea pig liver microsomes and sevoflurane in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was analyzed by gas chromatography. Under anaerobic conditions, pentane formed without sevoflurane, but sevoflurane potentiated this anaerobic pentane formation. Two antioxidant agents, vitamine E and glutathione, reduced the pentane formation induced by sevoflurane. In the in vivo study, 18 guinea pigs were exposed to air (control), 0.5% halothane, or 1.2% sevoflurane. The extent of lipid peroxidation and liver damage was investigated by measuring the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive products and serum transaminase (alanine-aminotransferase: ALAT and aspartate-aminotransferase: ASAT) activity 12 hr after exposure. Both halothane and sevoflurane significantly increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive products. The increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive products seen with sevoflurane administration was half that seen with halothane. Sevoflurane increased the ALAT activity to the same extent as did halothane but did not increase the ASAT activity. We conclude that sevoflurane potentiates lipid peroxidation in guinea pig liver microsomes in vivo and in vitro. However, because the degree of liver damage as measured by transaminase activity was minimal and the mechanism of sevoflurane-induced lipid peroxidation is still unknown, we must be cautious in applying these results to humans.
Alanine Transaminase↗
In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of KRM-1648 and KRM-1657, new rifamycin derivatives.
The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of the new rifamycin derivatives KRM-1648 and KRM-1657 were compared with those of rifampin. Rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin were also tested for reference. The respective MICs of KRM-1648 and KRM-1657 for 90% of the strains tested (MIC90S) were 0.016 and 0.0078 microgram/ml, respectively, for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, 0.016 and 0.0039 microgram/ml, respectively, for methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and 0.0625 and 0.016 microgram/ml, respectively, for methicillin- and quinolone-resistant S. aureus. These MIC90S of KRM-1657 were equal to or 2- to 64-fold lower than those of rifampin. KRM-1648 and KRM-1657 with MIC90S of between 0.002 and 0.078 microgram/ml were 2- to 128-fold more active than rifampin against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus species, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. The MIC90S of KRM-1657 for Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were 0.25 and 0.1 microgram/ml, respectively; KRM-1657 was almost as active as rifampin and was 8- to 16-fold more active than KRM-1648 against these strains. The frequency of occurrence of spontaneous mutations to resistance to KRM-1648 and KRM-1657 was equal to that to rifampin. Against systemic infection with S. aureus in mice, the efficacies of KRM-1648 and KRM-1657 were comparable to that of rifampin.
Animals↗
Cerebral hemodynamics in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive volunteers. A transcranial Doppler study.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study was designed to examine cerebral hemodynamics in early and chronic stages of hypertension using transcranial Doppler sonography. METHODS: Our study population consisted of 16 chronic hypertensive patients with chronic and small deep brain infarction, 10 young early-stage hypertensive subjects, and 16 young normotensive healthy volunteers. Using three-dimensional mapping techniques, we identified the M1 portion of the middle cerebral arteries and measured mean blood flow velocity, and we calculated the Gosling pulsatility index (PI), Fourier PI of the first harmonic (Fourier PI1), and cerebrovascular resistance. RESULTS: Mean blood flow velocity in the young hypertensive group was statistically higher (71.7 +/- 11.7 cm/s [mean +/- SD]) than among chronic hypertensive subjects (56.9 +/- 21.4 cm/s, P < .01) and normotensive subjects (63.2 +/- 11.8 cm/s, P < .05). Gosling PI presented a mirror image of mean blood flow velocity in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Chronic hypertensive subjects showed significantly higher Fourier PI1 (0.32 +/- 0.05) and cerebrovascular resistance (2.08 +/- 0.82 mm Hg/cm per second) than normotensive subjects (0.25 +/- 0.03 and 1.31 +/- 0.23 mm Hg/cm per second [P < .005], respectively) or early-stage hypertensive subjects (0.25 +/- 0.04 and 1.44 +/- 0.26 mm Hg/cm per second [P < .02], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early-stage hypertensive subjects demonstrated higher velocity, normal Fourier PI1, and near normal vascular resistance, whereas chronic hypertensive subjects showed near normal velocity, higher Fourier PI, and greater vascular resistance. Results may indicate different degrees of cerebral arteriopathy and arteriolopathy between early and late stages of hypertension.
Adult↗
Sevoflurane inhibited beta-adrenoceptor-G protein bindings in myocardial membrane in rats.
The effects of sevoflurane on the beta-adrenoceptor (beta AR) system, consisting of the receptor, stimulatory guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding protein (Gs), and adenylate cyclase (AC), were studied in rat myocardial membrane. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production rate was measured as cAMP generation stimulated by l-isoproterenol, guanosine 5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S), and forskolin, respectively. The receptor studies were performed by using the dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) binding method. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of l-propranolol. beta AR binding capacity determined by the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) and the dissociation constant (Kd) for [3H]DHA were calculated. beta AR affinity for agonists was assessed by an inhibition constant (Ki), calculated from the concentration of l-isoproterenol to produce half-maximum inhibition of [3H]DHA binding (IC50). At 2.0 mM sevoflurane, cAMP production rate was significantly depressed by 87.1% +/- 4.8% with l-isoproterenol and by 79.4% +/- 7.0% with GTP gamma S, but not significantly depressed by forskolin. In the presence of 0-2.0 mM sevoflurane, Kd for [3H]DHA and Ki for l-isoproterenol increased in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas Bmax remained unchanged. The ratio of high affinity state against the high and low affinity state of the adrenoceptor decreased significantly from 0.60 +/- 0.15 to 0.35 +/- 0.12. We conclude that sevoflurane might depress the beta AR signal transduction system by reducing ligand-receptor bindings and disrupting the relationship between the receptor and Gs.
Anesthetics↗
Presurgical three-dimensional magnetic source imaging of the somatosensory cortex in a patient with a peri-Rolandic lesion: technical note.
We report a case in which three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic source imaging, using the combined techniques of magnetoencephalography and 3-D magnetic resonance imaging, was employed to localize precisely a structural lesion in the precentral gyrus. The lesion was primarily a hematoma located in the right frontal lobe and was associated with a cryptic arteriovenous malformation that had produced repeated seizures with progressive left hemiparesis. 3-D magnetic source imaging mapped the entire somatosensory homunculus and localized the hematoma in the precentral gyrus. Both this relationship and the deduced localization were confirmed by a cortical recording of somatosensory evoked potentials at the time of surgery. 3-D magnetic source imaging proved to be useful in localizing cortical lesions precisely and in determining preoperatively the best form of treatment for the peri-Rolandic lesions.
Adult↗