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Biomedical subjects

K Franssila

Publications and source records attributed to K Franssila.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Constitutional translocation t(3;6)(p14;p11) in a family with hematologic malignancies.

We describe a family with an inherited constitutional balanced translocation t(3;6)(p14;p11) and hematologic malignancies. Of two proven translocation carriers, one had acute myeloid leukemia and the other had myelofibrosis. A third member who had died of acute leukemia was a possible translocation carrier (chromosome analysis had not been performed). Five healthy translocation carriers were detected. Neither the translocation nor additional hematologic malignancies were found outside the nuclear family. It could not be definitely clarified if this constitutional translocation predisposes to hematologic malignancies. Breakpoint 3p14 has previously been implicated in recurrent cancer-associated rearrangements but 6p11 has not. We suggest that other investigators look for involvement of these breakpoints in cancer patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Chromosome abnormalities in peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

We have studied neoplastic lymph nodes from six patients histologically, immunologically and cytogenetically. Histologically all the cases were classified as peripheral T-cell lymphomas. These were subclassified as T-zone lymphomas in three, large cell 'pale cell' variant in one, large cell immunoblastic in one, and small cell, mycosis fungoides in one. Two had features of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD). Immunologically all cases expressed CD2 (OKT11) and CD4 (T4). All six cases had clonal chromosome abnormalities, although in four cases the majority of cells were chromosomally normal. Chromosome 3 was most often involved in abnormalities, occurring in five patients. The most common single chromosome abnormality, trisomy 3, was seen in all three cases classified as T-zone lymphoma and in no other cases. In the two cases with features of AILD only numerical abnormalities were seen, whereas in the other cases complicated structural rearrangements were present. Recurring structural abnormalities involved bands 1p12or13, 1q32, 3p25 and 14q11. Our data suggest that cytogenetic analysis may assist in diagnosis and classification of the peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: clinical and immunohistological findings.

We have studied the clinical and thyroid immunohistological features of 19 patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma and 16 patients with the hereditary syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a (MEN 2a). Both groups were identified by family screening using serum calcitonin determinations before and after pentagastrin stimulation. Pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism were associated both with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a and some cases of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma was invariably associated with C-cell hyperplasia, but C-cell hyperplasia was also associated with some sporadic tumours. All tumours were positive for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (by immunohistological staining) (CEA) and most tumours stained for somatostatin. C-cell hyperplasia also stained for calcitonin, CEA and somatostatin. We conclude that sporadic and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma cannot always be discriminated by clinical or immunohistological methods. Family screening is essential in the diagnosis of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Regional intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. A phase II study.

Ten consecutive adults with localized nonresectable hepatocellular carcinomas were selected as a nonrandom sample for an investigation into the effectiveness of cisplatin (DDP) as a single agent when administered regionally via the hepatic artery from 1981 to 1984. The dose of DDP was 50 mg/m2 (normally, 80 mg). Complete remission (CR) was observed in one patient, partial remission (PR) in three patients, and in five patients, there were no significant changes in tumor size; the disease progressed in one patient. The mean period of survival of the group was 19.7 months. All patients suffered from severe nausea and vomiting, ordinarily until the afternoon of the day after treatment. One patient died of uremia, which related to the cytostate. The authors consider cisplatin useful in the intra-arterial treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with favorable prognostic factors in patients for whom surgical treatment is not suitable.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Localization of melanoma with radiolabelled monoclonal antibody fragments and iodoamphetamine.

In two melanoma patients, metastases accumulated both 99mTc-labelled monoclonal anti-tumor F(ab')2 fragments and N-isopropyl-p-(123I)-iodoamphetamine. Small metastatic deposits were localized only by labelled antibody, for which a higher target-to-nontarget ratio was observed than for radioiodoamphetamine, indicating that immunoscintigraphy may be the more sensitive method. In these two patients positive immunohistochemical staining for the antibody used was observed, whereas in a third patient, with no concentration of labelled antibody, the staining result was negative showing the specificity of the immunoscintigraphy findings. It is possible that the accumulation of radio-iodoamphetamine is due to binding to melanin but this is not certain as tissue samples from one of the two patients with positive scintigrams did not contain stainable melanin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A method for analysis of cell morphology, banded karyotype, and immunoperoxidase identification of lymphocyte subset on the same cell.

The authors describe a method that allows three staining procedures to be applied to the same mitotic cell, namely Giemsa staining for morphology, immunoperoxidase staining for surface markers, and banding of the chromosomes for karyotype. After culturing of the blood lymphocytes, colchicine was added to arrest the cells in mitosis. After mild hypotonic treatment, the cells were cytocentrifuged to glass slides. The mitotic cells of different lymphatic cell subsets were identified with monoclonal anti-sera against T-helper-, T-suppressor-, and B-cells using the immunoperoxidase technic. The cells were counterstained with Giemsa for morphologic identification. After removal of Giemsa stain and peroxidase, the chromosomes were G-banded.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1984

Chromosome abnormalities in 16 Finnish patients with Burkitt's lymphoma or L3 acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Eleven patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), i.e., small noncleaved non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 5 patients with Burkitt-type acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL-L3) were selected for chromosome study. Two of the 16 patients had no B-cell markers, but the erythrocyte marker--glycophorin A--was present on the surface of the leukemic blasts. The critical breakpoint at 8q24 was detected in 14 of the 16 patients, whereas this aberration was not detected in any of the 134 patients belonging to other subgroups of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or ALL that we studied during the same period. In addition to the t(8;14)(q24;q32), the following translocations with the breakpoint at 8q24 were seen: t(2;8)(p11;q24), t(8;11)(q24;q13) in BL, and t(2;8;14)(p11 or p12;q24;q32) in ALL. Additional aberrations seen more than once were trisomy #7 and abnormalities in chromosomes #1, #11, and #13.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Expression of intermediate filament proteins in thyroid gland and thyroid tumors.

The presence of intermediate filament proteins of cytokeratin/prekeratin type and vimentin type was evaluated in non-neoplastic thyroid glands and in different types of thyroid neoplasms. Follicular epithelium of both normal and goitrous thyroids showed a strong reaction with anticytokeratin antibodies that widely cross-react with various simple epithelia. On the other hand, in normal thyroid, there were only occasionally (in one of 12 cases) solitary cells reacting with antibodies to epidermal prekeratin. In nodular goiters, such cells were often seen (eight of 18), especially among the lining cells of cysts, and in chronic thyroiditis in all (12 of 12) cases. Only the stromal cells and intraluminal macrophages reacted with antibodies to vimentin. Neoplastic cells of papillary carcinomas showed a positive staining reaction both with antibodies to cytokeratins and to epidermal prekeratin. Follicular carcinoma cells, although positive for cytokeratins, could generally not be stained with antibodies to epidermal prekeratin. Medullary carcinoma cells also showed cytokeratin positivity and, only occasionally, positivity for epidermal prekeratin. Anaplastic carcinomas were also reactive with antibodies to cytokeratin but, for the most part, were negative for epidermal prekeratin. Interestingly, some neoplastic cells of all types of thyroid carcinomas also appeared to contain vimentin, as shown with both polyclonal and monoclonal antivimentin antibodies. In contrast to carcinomas, the intermediate filaments of thyroid sarcomas and lymphomas were only of vimentin type. Furthermore, it was found that the papillary structures in benign goiters were only reactive with cytokeratin antibodies and lacked, in contrast to papillary carcinomas, epidermal prekeratin-like immunoreactivity. Hence, the analysis of intermediate filament proteins of thyroid tumors can be utilized to differentiate between papillary and follicular carcinomas and between benign and malignant papillary lesions as well as between anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and sarcomas or lymphomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Effects of long-term treatment of rats with ethanol, carbon tetrachloride and high fat-low protein diet on the Kupffer cell distribution with reference to chemical composition of the liver.

Rats were treated for 3-4 months with ethanol or carbon tetrachloride or kept on a high fat-low protein diet. The cell distribution of the liver was investigated with special emphasis on the Kupffer cells with reference to lipids and collagen. Lipids were increased both histologically and chemically in all groups treated. All three treatments caused an increase of Kupffer cells, especially in the high fat-low protein group. The number of Kupffer cells and the content of liver lipids were strongly correlated. Collagen rose in the CCl4- and high fat-low protein groups. Cirrhosis was observed in CCl4--treated rats only.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Treatment and prognosis of thymoma: a review of 25 cases.

Experience of 25 patients with thymoma is reported. Based on the presence or absence of gross invasion 17 tumors were regarded as benign, 8 as malignant. All patients were operated on. Twenty-two had a complete excision, 2 a palliative excision, and 1 a biopsy only. Five patients received post-operative radiotherapy and 2 patients were given cytotoxic chemotherapy. None of the 17 patients with a benign thymoma had a recurrence or death due to thymoma during the follow-up. The five- and ten-year survival rates for malignant thymoma were 50% and 17%, respectively. Excision is the treatment of choice for all thymomas, since the prognosis for benign tumor is excellent and the malignancy can only by determined at exploration. Post-operative radiotherapy seems to be indicated in malignant thymoma. Myasthenia gravis and histologic features of thymoma have some value in predicting prognosis.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1982

Malignant lymphoma simulating lymph node toxoplasmosis.

On histological examination of 667 cases originally suspected of lymph node toxoplasmosis, 12 cases were diagnosed as malignant lymphoma and 15 cases as atypical hyperplasia (AH), suspicious of malignant lymphoma. All 12 malignant cases were of Hodgkin's disease: eight of the lymphocyte predominant nodular type, two of lymphocyte predominant diffuse type, and two of the nodular sclerosis type. In all cases, the lymph nodes contained small groups of epithelioid cells which were virtually indistinguishable from those seen in toxoplasmosis. In the differential diagnosis between lymph node toxoplasmosis and malignant lymphoma, the following features were found helpful. In toxoplasmosis the general structure is preserved and germinal centres are frequent, while in malignant lymphoma and in AH the general structure is destroyed. However, in some cases of toxoplasmosis germinal centres may be difficult to identify because their margins are indistinct due to clusters of epithelioid cells. Also, in some types of Hodgkin's disease and in some cases of AH with epithelioid cells, the general structure of the lymph node may be partially preserved. The occurrence of epithelioid cells within germinal centres seems to be a specific feature for toxoplasmosis; it was never seen in malignant lymphoma nor in AH. The occurrence of strands of monocytoid cells (unreife Sinushistiocytose) though a fairly typical feature of toxoplasmosis, was also occasionally seen in Hodgkin's disease or AH.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Incidence of different morphological types of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries.

In order to determine the incidence of different morphological types of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries, all cases of thyroid cancer reported to the national cancer registries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden over periods ranging from 1 to 14 years were re-examined (a total of 706 cases) by one or two pathologists from each country. The age-adjusted incidence rate for Iceland was clearly higher than those for the other Nordic countries. The rate for Finland was the lowest, and a five-fold difference was seen between Iceland and Finland. The differences in the incidence rates applied to all age groups and to both sexes. The differences also concerned all histological types and were more pronounced for papillary and medullary carcinomas. In papillary carcinoma, an almost 10-fold difference was found between Finland and Iceland. The causes of the differences are not known. There has been and probably still is some endemic goitre in Finland, Norway and Sweden, but no endemic goitre occurs in Iceland. Thus, no positive association was found between the presence of endemic goitre and the risk of follicular carcinoma. There was a marked negative association between endemic goitre and the risk of papillary carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Observer variation in histologic classification of thyroid cancer.

Histologic slides of 696 cases of thyroid cancer reported to the national cancer registries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden were reviewed by 5 Nordic pathologists in order to determine the observer variation between the pathologists, as well as the reproducibility of the WHO classification of thyroid tumours. In 58% of the cases all observers agreed upon the diagnosis and in 82% at least three of them agreed. The observer disagreement was lowest for papillary carcinoma (7%) and highest for follicular carcinoma (27%). The corresponding figures for anaplastic and medullary carcinomas were 18% and 23%, respectively. The most common diverging diagnosis for cases finally interpreted as papillary carcinoma was follicular carcinoma, and for cases finally interpreted as follicular carcinoma, a benign thyroid lesion. The results of the present study clearly indicate the necessity of having all cases reviewed by the same pathologist or group of pathologists in order to obtain reliable results for comparative studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Mediastinal tumours. A follow-up study of 208 patients.

During the twenty-year period 1954--1973, 208 patients were referred to the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery for treatment of mediastinal tumours. Forty-nine patients had malignant tumours (24%), 86 benign tumours and 73 non-neoplastic lesions. The most common histologic types were neurogenic tumours and malignant lymphomas, followed by thymomas and germinal tumours. Most non-neoplastic lesions were cysts. The mediastinal tumours were often asymptomatic, the malignant tumours in 31%, the benign tumours and tumourlike lesions in 65% of the cases. The most common symptom was pain, which occurred in one-fifth of the patients. The most useful diagnostic method was X-ray examination of the chest. However, a final diagnosis could usually be made only at operation. Thirteen malignant tumours were excised radically, 18 palliatively and 18 were only biopsied. Almost all benign tumours were radically excised. Forty-four patients received postoperative radiation therapy and 6 received chemotherapy. The hospital mortality was 8.2% for the patients with malignant tumours and 1.9% for those with benign tumours. At the end of the follow-up period, which varied from 2 to 21 years (median 10.3 years), 41% of the patients with malignant tumours were alive. Two patients with benign tumours had died of an apparently malignant change in a neurofibroma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Thymomas and thymic cysts.

During a period of 20 years, 19 patients with thymomas and 5 with thymic cysts were surgically treated at this clinic. Excluding one operative death, none of these patients had died of causes related to the tumour 7.4 years (average) after operation. Two patients had died of unrelated causes, and in one case a recurrent mediastinal tumour was observed 3.5 years postoperatively. Myasthenia gravis, present at the time of operation in 3 cases, had been alleviated in one case, remained unchanged in another and become aggravated in the third case. In addition, one patient had developed myasthenia 7 years after resection of thymoma. In one case, a preoperative tentative diagnosis of lupus erythematosus disseminatus had been confirmed. Infiltrative growth was mascroscopically observed in only 2 cases. One of these patients died of haemorrhage during the operation; the other patient was in good health 1.5 years after partial resection and subsequent irradiation of the tumour. Four patients received radiotherapy. In one of the 15 cases treated solely by operation, the tumour fell to pieces on resection; a recurrent mediastinal tumour (cf. above) was removed 3,5 years later.

Adolescent↗