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Biomedical subjects

K Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to K Fischer.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[The superior laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal artery].

Length, diameter and anastomoses of the nervus vagus and its ganglion inferius were measured 44 halved heads. On the average, 8.65 fiber bundles of the vagus nerve leave the retro-olivary area. In the area of the jugular foramen is the near superior ganglion of the 10th cranial nerve. In this area were found 1.48 (mean value) anastomoses with the 9th cranial nerve. 11.34 mm below the margo terminalis sigmoidea branches off the ramus internus of the accessory nerve which has a length of 9.75 mm. Further anastomoses with the 10th cranial nerve were found. The inferior ganglion of the 10th nerve had a length of 25.47 mm and a diameter of 3.46 mm. Five mm below the ganglion the 10th nerve had a width of 2.9 and a thickness of 1.5 mm. The mean length of the superior sympathetic ganglion was 26.6 mm, its width 7.2 and its thickness 3.4 mm. In nearly all specimens anastomoses of the superior sympathetic ganglion with the ansa cervicalis profunda and the inferior ganglion of the 10th cranial nerve were found. The superior laryngeal nerve branches off about 36 mm below the margo terminalis sigmoidea. The width of this nerve was 1.9 mm, its thickness 0.8 mm on the right and 1.0 mm on the left side. The division in the internal and external rami was found about 21 mm below its origin. Between the n. vagus and thyreohyoid membrane the ramus internus had a length of 64 mm, the length of external ramus between the vagal nerve and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle was 89 mm. Its mean length below the thyreopharyngeal part was 10.7 mm, 8.6 branchlets to the cricothyroid muscle were counted. The superior laryngeal artery had its origin in 80% of cases in the superior thyroideal artery, in 6.8% this vessel was a branch of the external carotid artery. Its average outer diameter was 1.23 mm on the right side and 1.39 mm on the left. The length of this vessel between its origin and the thyreohyoid membrane was 34 mm. In 7% on the right side and in 13% on the left, the superior laryngeal artery reached the larynx through a foramen thyreoideum. Ranges of diameters and lengths of vessels and nerves in the larynx are given.

Arteries↗
PubMed1986

There is evidence that amniotic fluid arginine vasopressin is a marker for foetal stress in rhesus erythroblastosis.

In response to different stress stimuli the foetal neurohypophysis releases arginine vasopressin (AVP). Part of the AVP is cleared from circulation by urinary excretion into the amniotic fluid (AF). Increased AF AVP levels may therefore indicate foetal stress, all the more because AF AVP solely is of foetal origin. We therefore studied AF AVP levels in 13 patients with rhesus erythroblastosis from 22 to 34 weeks of gestation. Twenty-eight patients from 14 to 34 weeks of gestation served as controls. The AVP levels were measured by RIA. Spectral absorption curves were performed and delta/E values determined at 450 nm. Mean AF AVP levels in controls were 2.39 pg/ml and were not normally distributed. There was no significant change in AF AVP levels with different gestational age. If in rhesus erythroblastosis patients the delta/E value was low (n = 7; x = 0.048 +/- 0.007 SE), the AF AVP values were not increased. If the delta/E values were within zone III (n = 6; x = 0.22 +/- 0.035 SE), indicating severe haemolysis, the AF AVP levels were significantly elevated (4.7 pg/ml +/- 0.51 SE; P = 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between delta/E and AF AVP values (P = 0.05; y = 1.94 +/- 10.88 x). We conclude that there is evidence for the role of AF AVP as a marker for foetal stress in rhesus erythroblastosis.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

[External laryngeal muscles--origin, insertion, length and potential force].

Measurements have been given of the mm. cricothyreoideus, thyreohyoideus and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Also measured were the circumferences of these muscles for estimating their potential force. The course of the superior laryngeal nerve, external branch to the thyreopharyngeal muscle and the twigs of the nerve were examined.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Measurements of length and cross sections of the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoid muscles].

The inner muscles of the larynx have been dissected and its length values and circumferences were measured. The potential force of the posterior cricothyroid muscle was estimated with 26,65 N of the arytenoid muscles with 17,24 N, and for the lateral crico-arytenoid and thyreoarytenoid external muscles with 26,56 N. The development and the functions of the muscles are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Course and branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior thyroid artery and inferior laryngeal artery].

Length, width, and thickness of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and its extra-laryngeal twigs were estimated. Included is the course of the nerve to the suspensory ligament of the thyroid gland, to the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage and to trachea and esophagus. The origin of the inferior thyroid artery, its width and course to the twigs of the recurrent laryngeal nerve were studied. The origin zone of the inferior laryngeal artery is also described. The different terms and opinions about the twigs of the truncus thyreocervicalis and the thyroid axis are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Laryngeal nerves, branches in the interior of the larynx].

The recurrent laryngeal nerve divides in the most cases outside of the larynx into 2 twigs. The thicker ventral branch has a posterior and an anterior twig. From the posterior one, we counted 6.22 (1 to 12) branches to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle and 1.48 (1 to 3) to the arytenoid muscle. From the anterior branch 3.54 (1 to 6) twigs run to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and 2.06 (1 to 5) to the thyreo-arytenoid muscle. An Ansa GALENI was found in 66%. Its diameter was cranial greater than caudal, its length was measured with 73.6 (56 to 96) mm. A single anastomose was found in 54%, and in 12% numerous variations. We found 8.5 (3 to 13) thicker twigs, which divided themselves in 17 thinner twigs. To the mucous membrane we found 78.5% and to muscles 21.5%. In cases without anastomoses, 3.5 (2 to 5) twigs were running to muscles and 13.4 (1 to 25) to the mucous membrane. The diameter and length of the twigs and their course to muscles and mucous membrane have been estimated. The results are discussed with those of earlier authors.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Transport functions of the liver. Lack of correlation between hepatocellular ouabain uptake and binding to (Na+ + K+)-ATPase.

Ouabain uptake was studied on isolated rat hepatocytes. Hepatocellular uptake of the glycoside is saturable (Km = 348 mumol/l, Vmax = 1.4 nmol/mg cell protein per min), energy dependent and accumulative. Concentrative ouabain uptake is not present on permeable hepatocytes, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and AS-30D ascites hepatoma cells. There is no correlation between ouabain binding to rat liver (Na+ + K+)ATPase and ouabain uptake into isolated rat hepatocytes. While ouabain uptake is competitively inhibited by cevadine, binding to (Na+ + K+)-ATPase is not affected by the alkaloid. Although the affinities of digitoxin and ouabain to (Na+ + K+)-ATPase are similar, digitoxin is 10000-times more potent in inhibiting [3H]ouabain uptake as compared to ouabain. That binding to (Na+ + K+)-ATPase appears to be no precondition for ouabain uptake was also found in experiments with plasmamembranes derived from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and AS-30D hepatoma cells. While tumor cell (Na+ + K+)-ATPase is ouabain sensitive, the intact cells are transport deficient. Hepatic ouabain uptake might be related to bile acid transport. Several inhibitors of the bile acid uptake system also inhibit ouabain uptake.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

The diagnosis and management of patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia demands knowledge of various aspects of both clinical and laboratory medicine. There is an apparent gap of communication between the serologist and the clinical physician due to the high specialization of both. The purpose of this annotation is to close some of these gaps by relating the serological data to the diagnosis, severity of disease, treatment, and prognosis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Study on the carbohydrate specificity of antibodies formed in rabbits to synthetic glycoproteins with the carbohydrate structure of asialo-glycophorin A.

Antibodies formed in rabbits to synthetic glycoproteins with the disaccharide structure beta-D-Gal-(1-3)-D-GalNAc, the carbohydrate moiety of desialylated glycophorin A, were investigated for their carbohydrate specificity by hemagglutination techniques and radioimmunoassay. The synthetic disaccharide was coupled to human serum albumin as carrier protein using different spacer groups and different configurations of the disaccharide spacer linkage. Radioimmunological inhibition experiments using a number of different derivatives of the carbohydrate group as inhibitors revealed a significant specificity of the antibodies for the oligosaccharide structure. However, the nature of the conjugation of the disaccharide to the carrier protein was found to be important for defining the specificity of the antibodies. Furthermore the arrangement of the hapten groups in the synthetic antigen had an important influence on the antigen-antibody reaction. No cross-reactions were observed between asialo-glycophorin A and the different synthetic antigens. Synthetic antigens provide a valuable tool for generating carbohydrate-specific antibodies. However, if the synthetic hapten molecule is small compared to the combining site of antibodies, the specificity of the immunological reaction is significantly influenced by the synthetic spacer arm or even the carrier protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Use of synthetic antigens with the carbohydrate structure of asialoglycophorin A for the specification of Thomsen-Friedenreich antibodies.

The panagglutination phenomenon described by Thomsen and Friedenreich (TF) is due to the reaction of naturally occurring TF-antibodies with the carbohydrate group beta-D-Gal-(1-3)-D-GalNAc of desialylated glycophorin A, the major glycoprotein component of the erythrocyte membrane. The specificity of human TF-antibodies reacting with this disaccharide was investigated by hemagglutination inhibition assay and radioimmunoassay using various synthetic oligosaccharides and neoglycoproteins as well as asialoglycophorin A. The results indicate that TF-antibodies represent a heterogeneous mixture of carbohydrate-specific antibodies. The disaccharide beta-D-Gal-(1-3)-D-GalNAc is the common structure recognized by all TF-antibodies. However, the conjugation mode of the carbohydrate to the carrier protein is important for defining the specificity of different subpopulations of TF-antibodies. The immunological reaction depends on the configuration of the glycosidical linkage as well as on the chemical nature of the aglycon, which is coupled to the disaccharide. These findings suggest that the heterogeneity of natural TF-antigens is due to the wide distribution of the carbohydrate structure beta-D-Gal-(1-3)-D-GalNAc. The characterization of TF- or TF-like antibodies directed to particular natural TF-antigens (e.g. asialoglycophorin A, tumor TF-antigens, glycolipids, bacterial antigens) requires TF-analogues, which contain the additional molecular regions together with the TF-disaccharide. These structures, apart from the TF-hapten, are obviously important for defining the immunodeterminant group of TF-antigens of different origin.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1985

[Prenatal diagnosis and therapy of hemolytic disease of the newborn].

From 1966 to 1983 a total of 586 intra-uterine fetal transfusions on 268 fetuses suffering from severe Rh-erythroblastosis were performed at the Hamburg university hospital. 149 (56%) fetuses survived. 29% of 268 fetuses exhibited ascitic fluid at the beginning of therapy. The survival rate improved to 63% in the last five years. The diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are explained in detail. The amniotic fluid analysis has been improved. In addition to Rh-antibodies, it is important to detect other blood group antibodies such as anti-Jk(a) and anti-Fy(a), that can diminish the survival rate of the donor erythrocytes in the fetus.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1984

Detection of metastatic breast carcinoma cells by immunofluorescent demonstration of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen.

The Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF-antigen), known as a precursor of the MN-blood-group system, has been suggested as a tumor-associated antigen of breast adenocarcinoma. In order to evaluate the TF-antigen as a tool in the histochemical detection of micrometastases, cryostat sections of 25 breast biopsies and 30 regionary lymph nodes were investigated. The study used a sensitive method for the fluorescent staining of the determining terminal disaccharide sequence of asialoglycophorin A by application of peanut agglutinin (PNA) and fluoresceinisothiocyanate-labeled F(ab')2 fragments of monospecific anti-PNA from rabbits. PNA binding was observed in 91% of the sections of predominantly ductal mammary carcinomas. In normal tissues and hyperplastic lesions, staining patterns were markedly different from that of malignant breast cells, and were confined to secretory glycoproteins. Lymph nodes, with histologically confirmed metastases of mammary carcinomas, showed specific PNA binding in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 75% of cases. Even single malignant cells were demonstrable, which were not recognized at first by routine light microscopy. Fluorescent staining of lymph nodes, which were tumor-free in repeated histologic examinations, was confined to clearly diagnosible histiocytes in 3 of 15 cases. A sensitive indirect immunofluorescent technique demonstrating PNA binding is proposed to be of considerable value for the detection of single metastatic adenocarcinoma cells of the human breast.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Risk of chickenpox during pregnancy and the neonatal period].

A newborn fell ill from congenital chickenpox eight days after delivery, a chickenpox rash having been noted in the mother two days before delivery. Administration of zoster-hyperimmune serum to the mother at the onset of the rash and to the child immediately after birth had no demonstrable effect on the course of the disease. Autopsy, the baby having died on the eleventh day post-partum, revealed focal necrotizing pneumonia of all the lobes. Varicella-zoster virus was isolated from lung material. On the basis of present knowledge the risk of varicella infection in the fetus and neonate is 1-7 maternal cases per 10 000 pregnancies. Transplacental passage of the virus can occur at any time during pregnancy. A congenital varicella syndrome is very rare in the first two thirds of pregnancy, but bland infection of the fetus is also likely. Illness of the mother at the end of pregnancy leads to clinically manifest varicella in about a quarter of neonates. The death-rate of congenital varicella is up to 30% if the mother falls ill between the fourth day before and the second day after delivery. Neonatal varicella acquired post-partum takes a relatively mild course. The most important prophylactic measure, in addition to the administration of zoster-hyperimmune serum to the mother within three days of incubation, is to delay delivery past the critical period.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Seasonal variations of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and alkaline phosphatase in relation to the antler formation in the fallow deer (Dama dama L.).

Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and serum alkaline phosphatase increased several fold during the antler formation period in July. Both maxima were observed in the second half of the antler formation period, where the mineralization of the antler takes place. In contrast serum levels of calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 showed no alternation or seasonal variation.

Age Factors↗