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Biomedical subjects

K Federlin

Publications and source records attributed to K Federlin.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[DNCB contact sensitization: theoretical and clinical aspects (author's transl)].

In clinical immunology the overall assessment of cellular immunocompetence has become a subject of increasing interest. Beside the development of various sophisticated in vitro methods, simple skin tests remain a basic instrument. Contact sensitization to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) has proved to be a reliable parameter in detecting impaired cel-mediated immunity, in that previous exposure to this antigen is rare and the epidermal application induces a primary immune response in the overwhelming majority of normal individuals. The morphology of the skin reactions corresponds to that of contact eczema (allergic contact dermatitis). A review of the literature shows that various techniques of the test are applied which complicate the interpretation and comparison of different results. The aim of this study was to report our own experiences with DNCB contact sensitization in normal individuals and in patients with Crohn's disease and complex glomerulonephritis and to discuss practical problems in test application; in particular the differentiation between toxic and allergic (delayed hypersensitivity) dermatitis, the choice of the sensitizing and rechallenge dose, the principles of recording successful sensitization, the influence of the inflammatory response upon sensitization, side effects, and precautions. Finally a modified test system is recommended.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1977

[Disodium cromoglycat (intal) in the treatment of allergic states of the respiratory system (author's transl)].

Disodium cromoglycate (Intal) has been found several years ago to act as an reliable drug in the treatment of allergic states of the respiratory system. The effective mechanism seems to be its stabilizing function for circulating and sessile mast cells, thus avoiding the release of histamine and other vasoactive amines after an immunological or non-immunological stimulus. Although DSCG does not inhibit the binding of antigen to its antibody it must be given prophylactically before the antigen has access to the mast cells. Most efficiently DSCG is used in the treatment of the exogenous allergic asthma, and secondly in allergic rhinitis (70-90% success). Own observations confirm the effectiveness of the drug especially in patients with pollinosis. In addition it was found that DSCG can be used during hyposensitization procedures and that the drug does not influence the results of skin testing. At present there have been detected neither side-effects nor interactions with other drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Islet transplantation in experimental diabetes of the rat. IV. The influence of transplantation site and of histocompatibility on islet function.

Experimental islet transplantations in pancreatectomized and streptozotocin-treated diabetic allogeneic and partially inbred rats are considered with respect to transplantation site and immunological factors responsible for survival. It could be shown that transplantation into the liver and into the lung in both systems (allogeneic and partially inbred) was accompanied by longer survival of the islets compared with the following regions: subcutaneous tissue, muscle, epididymal fat tissue, peritoneal cavity. This indicates that not only immunological but also factors of blood supply (oxygen consumption?)play a role in the survival of the grafts. - The success of transplantation depends mainly on histocompatibility. Partially inbred rats showed significantly longer survival of islets than non-inbred rats. The studies of other groups using similar experimental models are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Experiences with DNCB sensitization in normal human individuals of various age groups (author's transl)].

Using DNCB contact sensitization, the primary cellular immune response of 40 normal individuals was investigated. The response to DNCB in the younger age group was higher and stronger than in the older age group, suggesting a decrease of T-cell function in elderly subjects. The simultaneous application of a high (1000 mug) and a low (100 mug) dose of DNCB for quantitation of the reactivity gave good results. However, in several cases - especially in the younger age group - the local reactions reached unexpected intensity followed by long lasting pigmentation. One investigator exhibited contact eczema on both hands after sensitization by merely touching the skin area of a previous DNCB reaction. Because of the potent immunogenicity of this substance and the possibility of cross reactions with numerous similar antigens widely used in the chemical and related industry, this test should only be applied in selected cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A case with diagnostic and therapeutic questions (author's transl)].

A 34 years old white male patient suffering from a seropositive "probable" rheumatoid arthritis developed a severe hypocomplementemic mesangiocapillary glomerulnophritis. Rheumatoid factor-Latextest and Waaler-Rose-Titers and IgM have been found highly elevated in the serum. The third component of complement (C3) was markedly depressed, while the fourth component (C4) was within the normal range. The rapid progression of both diseases forced us to start an immunosuppressive drug therapy using azathioprine and steroids, 18 months after the beginning of the treatment the patient is well, has only slight proteinuria, normal levels of complement and no joint pain. The possible connections between rheumatoid arthritis and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in this case as well as the therapeutic approaches are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis of collagen diseases (author's transl)].

Beginning with lesions of the capillary wall, rheumatoid arthritis is morphologically expressed by an aseptic inflammation of the synovia with following necrosis of the cartilage and the underlying bone tissue. Only little is known regarding the pathogenesis but most porbably immune mechansims are involved. There is evidence for the participation of type IV and type III-reactions i.e. sensitized lymphocytes as well as immune complexes. Equally the etiology of RA is totally unknown. Once the inflammatory process has reached some activity, in most cases it shows the character of a selfpertetuation as in other autoimmune diseases. Laboratory examinations include BSR, blood count, measurement of Fe, Cu, RF, complement, streptolysins, staphylolysins, ANA, and in doubtful cases synovial biopsy. Furthermore, effusion fluid of the joint may be examined for RF, ANA, complement, rhagocytes, crystals, protein content etc.--Among the collagen diseases sensu strictori, systemic lupus erythematosus is the most important. The underlying process may be characterized as vasculitis due to immune complexes and local activation of the complement system, the complexes containing native and/or denatured DNA, and antibodies mostly of the IgG class. Laboratory examinations include the demonstration of ANA but should concentrate on the measurement of DNA-antibodies using radioimmunological or at least a sensitive and specific immunofluorescence technique. The value of the various tests is discussed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1975

[Localization of urinary-tract infection by demonstrating antibody-coated bacteria in urine (author's transl)].

The immunofluorescence test for demonstrating antibody-coated bacteria as a direct method of localizing urinary-tract infection was performed on 34 patients, results being compared with the Fairley test. Mid-stream urine contained at least 10(5) bacteria/ml in all patients. The direct localization method revealed upper urinary-tract infection (renal bacteriuria) in 18 patients, lower urinary-tract infection (cystitis) in eight. Presence of antibody-coated bacteria correlated well with renal bacteriuria, such antibody having been demonstrated in all of the eighteen patients with renal bacteriuria but in none of the eight with lower urinary-tract infection (cause located in the bladder). The test has proved to be highly sensitive method for differentiating between upper and lower urinary-tract infection.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

[Clinical and prognostic significance of antinuclear factors during D-penicillamine treatment (author's transl)].

Antinuclear factors were demonstrated during D-penicillamine treatment in patients with rheumatiod arthritis (72) and scleroderma (7). While in 13 antinuclear factors were demonstrable already before treatment was started, they occurred in the course of treatment in another 34. D-penicillamine administration had to be discontinued in 18 because of severe side effects, with a marked correlation between their severity and the presence of antinuclear factors. Side effects requiring stoppage of the drug were especially common in patients who had antinuclear factors even before onset of treatment. The severest complication of D-penincillamine treatment, renal damage, was found only in patients with antinuclear factors, in this instance antibodies against denatured DNA. The following therapeutic consequences should be drawn from these findings: (1) D-penicillamine should, if possible, not be given to any patient with antinuclear factors; (2) in patients in whom antinuclear factors occur in the course of D-penicillamine treatment but its administration is to be continued, blood picture, renal functions and urine must be regularly tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Islet transplantation in experimental diabetes in the rat. III. Studies in allogeneic streptozotocin-treated rats.

Diabetes of various degrees of severity was induced experimentally in rats by different doses of streptozotocin. These animals served as recipients for isolated islets of Langerhans from allogeneic donors. The islets were transplanted to different regions in the organism by paravascular or intravascular injection. As in pancreatectomized rats, the endocrine effect of the islets was only transient and consisted of disappearance of glycosuria, normalization of blood glucose and amelioration of intravenous glucose tolerance tests. When the islets were injected intravascularly (lung, liver) the influence of the transplanted islets was observable over a longer period than after subcutaneous or another paravascular transplantation. As in pancreatectomized animals, the period of survival was markedly prolonged in rats which had received a transplant compared to those which had not. The islets responded to glucose stimulation in vivo with insulin secretion similar to that of control rats, while only a very slight elevation of the low basis levels in streptozotocin-treated rats was observed.

Animals↗