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Biomedical subjects

K Federlin

Publications and source records attributed to K Federlin.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Immunomodulation by symptomaticly active antirheumatic agents].

As antigen-presenting and/or monokine-secreting cells, macrophages play a major role in immunoregulation. Proteases of macrophage origin (cathepsin G, elestase, thrypsin and pronase) act on cell surfaces of different cell lines, inducing cell activation, e.g. of B-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes might be stimulated by the activating factor LAF. Other macrophage products (CSF, FIM) control monocyte production in bone marrow. While lymphocytes are the target cell lines for classical immunosuppressive agents, mononuclear phagocytes are kept for the major cell population affected by antiinflammatory drugs. The presented study outlines the significance of the mononuclear-phagocytesystem in antiinflammatory drug research. The inhibiting potency of antiinflammatory drugs on the monocyte-macrophage cell line as an additional immunoregulatory principle should be discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Introduction to the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune forms of thyroid diseases].

Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are representing typical endocrine disorders caused by dysfunction of the immune system. In this context the occurrence of thyroid cell-specific autoantibodies is regarded as a characteristic indicator of autoimmunity. HLA-linked, disturbed lymphocytic interactions are discussed as the etiologic factors of these diseases because of their inability to discrime between "self" and "not-self". Hypothetically the underlying mechanism is an error in the immunosuppressive reaction, either by a quantitative or functional diminution of so-called suppressor cells or by a lacking of antigen-specific antiidiotypic antibodies.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1982

[Des-phe-insulin-containing intermediary insulin compared with usual commercial preparations (author's transl)].

In 20 type I diabetics comparison were made between Optisulin -depot CS (25% dissolved porcine Des-Phe-insulin/insulin and 75% crystalline porcine insulin), an intermediary insulin without depot additives, and two depot-additive containing insulins (Depot Insulin Hoechst CS and insulin Leo Mixtard) during a period of hospitalization. Des-Phe-insulins are insulins in which phenylalanine has been split off from the B chain of insulin. Since mixtures of Des-Phe-insulins with crystalline insulins are stable, there is the possibility of manufacturing monospecies-intermediary insulins without depot additives. Continued surveillance of blood sugar during application of Optisulin depot CS showed good control of the diabetic metabolism when compared with the commercially available insulins. Optisulin depot CS in its action is comparable to the two commercially available depot insulins. Side effects and allergic skin changes did not occur. Thus Optisulin depot SC adds to the at present available range of Des-Phe-insulin-containing insulins.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Are des-Phe-insulin-containing insulin combinations preferable to regular trade preparations?].

Des-phe-insulins are modified insulins in which phenylalanin is eliminated from the b-chain of the normal insulin. Preparations containing des-phe-insulin and cristalline insulin have a good stability and one can produce insulins with different profiles. 50 diabetics were treated with different des-phe-insulin containing preparations. The carbohydrate metabolism was well controlled during the application of the new preparations. There were no side effects nor skin allergies. Des-phe-insulin containing insulins present a new interesting aspect in the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Antinuclear antibodies in diagnosis of rheumatic diseases (author's transl)].

Hundred ana-positive sera--60 sera of SLE-patients and 40 sera of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis--were investigated for ana and DNA-antibodies. For these purposes nine different methods including several radioimmunological and immunofluorescence techniques with partially distinct antigen-specificities were tested. While the radioimmunoassays showed only slightly different results, significant differences in sensitivity as well as in antibody specificity existed mainly in the indirect immunofluorescence techniques using different substrates. For clinical use, a combination of various techniques seemed to be useful i.e. indirect immunofluorescence on hemolysed bird erythrocytes and on frozen native rat liver sections. For DNA-antibodies in diagnosis and control during the course of the diseases the radioimmunoassay with simultaneous detection of antibodies to single- and double stranded DNA is most suitable. Antibodies to distinct nuclear antigens are detectable in various amount in the rheumatic diseases. While ds-DNA-antibodies seemed to be most specific for SLE, ss-DNA-antibodies occurred in nearly all ana-positive sera and seemed to be less specific for one disease than all the other ana-fractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Determination of thyroid hormone antibodies and their clinical relevance (author's transl)].

In 20 out of 94 cases of selected patients suffering from various thyroid diseases antibodies against thyroxine and trijodthyronine were detected. The patients were striking either because of a disturbed thyroid feed back mechanism or by the need of an increased dosage of L-thyroxine (500 microgram) for treatment. Other patients had inappropriate thyroid hormone levels not correlated to the clinical situation. Thyroid hormone-antibodies were detected using a skin test with synthetic hormones leading to an Arthus like reaction. This method turned out to be specific but not as sensitive as antibody determination by a radioimmunological technique. Hormone antibodies were reproducably detected only, when the antibodies were precipitated by anti-Ig. Using PEG or (NH4)2SO4 for antibody precipitation also other proteins such as albumin and prealbumin were found in the sediment. These proteins are able to bind thyroid hormones as well and therefore the measured activity of labelled hormones does not correspond to the selective antibody reaction with the hormone. With regard to the clinical relevance of these hormone autoantibodies it is important, to which sites of the hormones the antibodies combine. Treatment is only necessary, when patients show hypothyroid symptoms. L-thyroxin may be necessary in higher dosage than usually needed. In 4 cases therapy even with corticosteroids had to be used in order to suppress antibody production or action.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Significance of cell kinetic studies in experimental allergic arthritis: participation of monocytes in injury and recovery of the inflamed synovial membrane.

Experimental allergic arthritis in guinea pig has been investigated as a model of immunosynovitis. The course of synovial injury and recovery is quantitatively estimated by microscopic and autoradiographic evaluation. Using 3-H-thymidine pulse and prelabeling techniques it has been shown, that bone marrow derived monocyte-macrophage cells play a major role in the histopathogenesis of this form of arthritis. Cell kinetic studies during the initiation of experimental synovitis support the hypothesis, that so-called lining cell hyperplasia is predominantly due to infiltration by blood monocytes, which during the stage of recovery contribute to a secondary lining cell layer. The early bone and cartilage erosions are additional lesions, which appear to be dependent on the monocyte-macrophage system.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Natural history of chronic aortic valve. Significance of hemodynamic findings (author's transl)].

The natural history of chronic aortic valve disease is well known from non-invasive data, but invasive data documenting the natural course of this disease are lacking. We studied hemodynamic data of 45 patients who had chronic aortic valve disease and were in functional class III or IV. All patients were candidates for prosthetic aortic valve replacement, but refused operation. These patients document the natural course of aortic valve disease. Invasive hemodynamic data were obtained by heart catheterization. Patients with aortic stenosis who died during the observation period had a transvalve gradient of 83 +/- 40 mm Hg, which was comparable to the gradient of survivors (70 +/- 16 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05), but left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mean left atrial pressure and pulmonary artery pressure were higher indicating impaired left ventricular function. Patients with aortic stenosis who were repeatedly studied with heart catheterization (n = 7, average interval between studies 3.3 years) showed a significant increase of left ventricular filling pressure and of pulmonary arteriolar resistance and a fall of cardiac index. Patients with aortic insufficiency who died during the observation period had higher left ventricular filling pressures than survivors. Patients with aortic insufficiency who were repeatedly studied with heart catheterization (n = 5, average interval 2.9 years) showed no change of hemodynamic parameters. The latter group showed symptomatic deterioration although hemodynamics were unchanged. We conclude, in chronic aortic valve disease hemodynamic parameters regarding left ventricular function have prognostic implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Histological classification of rheumatoid synovitis compared with cell-kinetics and morphology of experimental immune synovitis (author's transl)].

During the course of the experimental immune arthritis of the guinea pig four phases can be distinguished: I=fibrinopurulent, partly ulcerative synovitis, II=granulocytic activee granulomatous synovitis, III=lymphocytic activ granulomatous synovitis, IV=synovitic sequelae with subintimal fibrosis. On the basis of cell-kinetic studies with initial and systemic labelling with 3H-thymidine of the synovial membrane and of the bone marrow it could be demonstrated that in this model the infiltrating cells as well as the structural cells belong to the monocyte-macrophage system. The typical multilayer of the lining cells of this immune synovitis therefore seems to be mainly as a type A cell hyperplasia of bone marrow derived cells instead of a local proliferation of the lining cells. Clinical cases of various joint diseases are described including symptoms, X-ray findings and histopathological studies. Depending on the stage of the clinical course and the number, localization and activity of the macrophages within the synovial membrane the reaction pattern can be classified in a new way using the categories mentioned above in the experimental model. Thus the classical picture of rheumatoid arthritis corresponds to the synovitis of the subintimal type. The polyarthritic syndrome which mostly is pathogenetically unclear in contrast is designated as synovitis of the intimal type. The same holds true for the activated arthrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Islet transplantation in experimental diabetes of the rat. VII. Cryopreservation of rat and human islets. Preliminary results.

Islet transplantation in human diabetes at present is confronted with two major obstacles: isolation of a sufficient number of islets and islet graft rejection. "Tissue banking" would enable islet pooling from various donors and offers furthermore the advantage of in vitro manipulations in order to reduce islet immunogenicity. Recently we have reported successful cryopreservation and subsequent transplantation of porcine islets (Bretzel, Beule, Schäfer, Schneider, Pfeiffer and Federlin 1979). These preliminary data deal with cryopreservation and transplantation of isolated rat islets and cryopreservation of isolated human islets.

Animals↗