Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Federlin

Publications and source records attributed to K Federlin.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Specific therapeutic attempts in experimental and clinical type-I diabetes.

The morphological basis of type-I diabetes is the destruction of the islets of Langerhans by an inflammatory process. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory mechanisms can prevent diabetes in NOD-mice and BB-rats when given before onset of the disease. In man at the time of diagnosis of diabetes insulitis has progressed already to a loss of more than 80% of the Beta-cells. Several immunosuppressive drugs and immunobiological regimen may influence the course of the disease only in the sense of a temporary remission. Cyclosporine-A was the most effective drug, but can not be recommended for general use at present time because of side effects on the kidney at least when given in higher doses. Whether minimizing the effective dose will be equally effective remains open. Other drugs as ciamexone which seems to be safer have to be taken into account for further studies. Suppression of insulitis most probably will be more successful when the treatment starts at an earlier phase i.e. before onset of the disease. The criteria at what time this may be justified have to be elaborated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Adrenal secretion of cortisol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

We studied secretory activity of the adrenal gland by determining cortisol blood levels throughout a 24-h cycle at 2-h intervals in 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), not previously treated with glucocorticosteroids or disease modifying drugs. In patients with low erythrocyte sedimentation rates [(ESR) up to 40 mm/h] and medium disease activity (ESR between 40 and 80 mm/h), cortisol maxima and minima shifted to earlier times of the day whereas in patients with high activity (ESR higher than 80 mm/h) the circadian rhythm was lost or markedly reduced. The inflammatory activity of the RA significantly correlated with the adrenal cortisol secretion (linear regression analysis between ESR and the arithmetic mean value of cortisol throughout a 24-h cycle with a coefficient of regression r = 0.63, n = 26, p less than 0.001). The influence of mediators of inflammation, such as interleukin 1, on hypothalamic centers, stimulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, is discussed.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

[Value of the flow-volume curve in the evaluation of non-obstructive dyspnea complaints].

The flow-volume curves of 246 patients with dyspnoea on exertion were analysed. In the presence of normal lung volumes and capacities and normal airway resistance, 52% of the patients were found already to have pathologically changed forced expiration figures. In patients with non-bronchogenic disorders, a predominately inspiratory reduction in flow was detected, in particular a reduction in maximum flow. Characteristic findings can be established already in the initial stage of ventilation disorders. Patients with diffuse pulmonary diseases are characterised by a virtually normal PEF, a steep decline in phase II of forced expiration, and a restriction in inspiration. Goitre-associated stenoses with a functional effect are characterised by a reduced expiratory peak flow, homogeneous expiration and reduced inspiratory flow. In patients with bronchial diseases, a functional overdistension can be detected even in the symptom-free stage with the aid of the quotient ITGV % MEF50% VC. In our opinion, the flow-volume curve should therefore be considered an indispensable investigation within the framework of pulmonary function diagnostic evaluation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

[Characteristics of lung function in patients with type I diabetes mellitus].

Employing routine clinical methods, the pulmonary function of 21 type 1 diabetics prior to and after exercise, was examined. In type 1 diabetics, at the time of the manifestation of the disorder, a reversible, seemingly metabolism-related emphysematous expansion was to be seen. In comparison with a control group and diabetics with no late complications, type 1 diabetics with secondary complications proved to have a significantly reduced vital and total capacity with relative hyperexpansion; an obstructive ventilation disorder was not demonstrable. These results are confirmed by those reported in the literature, and suggest the existence of a diabetic pneumopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hemodynamic and lung function analytic findings in so-called collagen diseases].

Twenty-four patients with connective tissue disease as defined by ARA criteria were submitted to a thorough cardiological and pulmonary diagnostic evaluation. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was elevated in 54 per cent of the patients, a left-ventricular functional disorder taking the form of elevated pulmonary capillary occlusive pressure was almost equally as frequent. Interindividual comparisons suggest only a low progressivity of the cardiac involvement, while pulmonary involvement progresses rapidly, to become the prognostically predominating factor. This suspicion must be checked by performing follow-up examinations with repeated cath. examinations of the right heart in individual patients. In common with ACE determinations, haemodynamically effective pericardial disorders are of no significance in connective tissue diseases. Patients with "collagenosis" should be submitted to right-heart catheterisation early on. Attempts at therapy taking the form of aggressive treatment of the underlying disease or administration of nitrates or calcium antagonists, would appear meaningful.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Onset of Wegener's granulomatosis with skin and joint symptoms].

A 54-year-old female presenting with arthralgias, weight loss, and anemia developed Raynaud's phenomenon and subcutaneous nodules at her hands. Granulomatous inflammation was observed in biopsies taken from her hands and sinuses, and later on the patient suffered from glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis Wegener's granulomatosis was further supported by detection of anticytoplasmic antibodies.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Influence of Epstein-Barr virus infection on B lymphocyte responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The influence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection on clinical and serological features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. Patients with in-vivo activated, in-vitro spontaneously proliferating EBV-infected B lymphocytes had higher levels of serum IgG and IgA, and tended to have more extensive disease. The finding of in-vivo activated EBV-transformed B cells was not specific for RA but was also seen in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. When supernatants of spontaneously proliferating B-cell lines from patients with RA were studied, autoantibody reactivities comparable with those from patients with infectious mononucleosis were detected. These observations suggest that EBV infection might have a profound influence on B-lymphocyte responses and clinical course in patients with RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Islet transplantation in experimental diabetes of the rat. XII. Effect on diabetic retinopathy. Morphological findings and morphometrical evaluation.

Digest-preparations of rat retinal vasculature were examined with respect to single capillary alterations and diffuse changes in cellular composition. Retinas of streptozotocin-diabetic rats revealed single micro-aneurysms, degenerated capillaries, strand formation, microthromboses and further lesions, occurring sooner than previously described. A severe loss of pericytes and a slight increase in endothelial cell number resulting in an increase in E/P-ratio were observed, all effects becoming more pronounced with longer duration of diabetes. Syngeneic islet transplantation could prevent all of the described alterations if carried out soon after diabetes induction. If performed six months later it was able to almost restore the normal cellular composition while pathomorphological lesions could be arrested or reversed only partially.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Bovine islets of Langerhans. Potential source for transplantation?

Two methods are described for large-scale isolation of islets from the bovine pancreas. With the single-endpoint technique the average number of islets isolated from a 73.3-g pancreas sample was 150,560, representing an estimated total islet volume of 0.391 ml. Pancreases processed by the continuous digestion-filtration method yielded an average of 246,229 islets from a 93.9-g pancreas sample, representing an estimated total islet volume of 0.458 ml. Isolated bovine pancreatic islets demonstrated a well-preserved endocrine cell ultrastructure, responded to acute stimulation with propionic acid, and temporarily reversed experimental diabetes in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Fish oil-enriched diet and reduction of low-dose streptozocin-induced hyperglycemia. Inhibition of macrophage activation.

Repeated low doses of streptozocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg, 5 injections/day) induce hyperglycemia in certain strains of mice after a latency of 1 wk. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3FA) have been reported to suppress immune processes by blockade of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. We investigated the effects of diets high in omega 3FA on the development of diabetes in the low-dose STZ-induced diabetes (LDSTZ-D) model. Male C57BL/6J mice were on a fish oil diet (FOD) as a source of omega 3FA 8 wk before STZ injection. Controls received laboratory chow only or a coconut oil diet (COD). Blood glucose levels in FOD mice were reduced (12.5 vs. 28 mM for COD mice, P less than .001) 60 days after STZ injection with a diet in which 20% of the calories were from fish oil. In FOD mice, immunohistology showed reduced numbers of class II antigen-expressing cells in pancreatic islets followed by a decreased extent of insulitis. FOD significantly decreased the number of Fc receptor-negative dendritic cells in cytospin preparations of islets isolated from diabetic mice. Interleukin 1-like activity of peritoneal exudate cell supernatants isolated from mice on FOD was reduced. FOD did not improve insulin secretion of isolated islets from LDSTZ-D mice. These data indicate a beneficial effect of FOD on the immune component of the mouse LDSTZ-D model.

Animals↗