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Biomedical subjects

K Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to K Eriksson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Unaltered [3H]GBR-12935 binding after chronic treatment with dopamine active drugs.

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with haloperidol 0.5 mg/kg, raclopride 1 mg/kg, bromocriptine 2.5 mg/kg, d-amphetamine 2.5 mg/kg, or cocaine 10 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed 72 h after last injection. Control rats were injected with saline, following the same schedule. The radioligand [3H]GBR-12935 was used as a presynaptic marker for dopamine neurites. There were no significant differences in [3H]GBR-12935 binding to striatum between drug-treated rats and controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Loss of dopamine uptake sites labeled with [3H]GBR-12935 in Alzheimer's disease.

The binding of the dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to postmortem putamen from a control group and patients with Alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) or vascular dementia (VD) was studied. The binding density (Bmax) in AD/SDAT was significantly reduced to 50% of control. A reduction of Bmax in VD was also noted, but it did not reach statistical significance. No differences in apparent binding affinity (Kd) between controls and dementia groups were obtained. The concentrations of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) and homovanillic acid were also determined. The concentrations of DA and DOPAC were reduced by 30-40% in AD/SDAT and VD, but the reductions did not reach statistical significance. The concentration of 3-MT was reduced by 40% in AD/SDAT and by 30% in VD. The [3H]GBR-12935-binding densities correlated significantly with corresponding concentrations of DA in control brains. It is suggested that the loss of [3H]GBR-12935-binding sites in human putamen in AD/SDAT reflects a degeneration of dopamine neurites.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Caring paradigms. A study of the origins and the development of caring paradigms among nursing students.

The international discussion about caring has been reflected by two central themes in the twentieth century: (1) How can caring be developed into a holistic paradigm focused on caring and man as a human being? (2) How can a scientific basis be formed for the education, research, and practice of caring? The purpose of this study is to describe how the paradigm should be formed, developed, and integrated among nursing students during the training period. To what extent the paradigm will remain after the training period will be presented in a later article. The data collection was done by means of a questionnaire. The paradigm-measuring instrument was developed in accordance with Törnebohm's paradigm factors. The research group comprised 63 graduate students. In summary we can state that the students have a paradigm already at the beginning which can be characterised as a caring paradigm. Distinct changes have taken place during the training period. The changes are highly significant (p less than 0.001) as to all factors except the capability of developing caring activities (p less than 0.05) and getting people interested in caring (p less than 0.10).

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

[Motivation research in nursing sciences. A description of the basic motivation of nursing science].

The purpose of this article is to describe the function of the motivation research within caring science as well as to study the caritas motive as the basic motive of caring science. As a basic motive is understood a phenomenon, e.g. caring, as a finished whole, which defines its structure and gives it its real character. The task of the systematic caring science is to study the basic motive of caring. The caritas motive can, from the point of view of the ideal history, be seen as one of the basic motives of caring. The caritas motive is formed on the basis of the responsibility the nurse is prepared to take for the patient. Does the caritas motive have a chance, a task in today's caring? Altogether 81 students in the initial phase of their specialized studies were asked this question. The answers given by the students show a desirability profile which outlines more holistic and caritative caring. The students believe in the chance of the caritas motive. Although 73% of the students stated they had found an expression to the caritas motive, before all hope and love. We have got a chance to affect the trends within caring through our consciousness of the basic motive of caring.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

[3H]GBR-12935 binding to dopamine uptake sites in the human brain.

The binding of the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to post-mortem human brain membranes was studied. Competition experiments indicated the presence of multiple binding sites, but when a binding fraction that could be discriminated by either 0.3 microM mazindol or 1 mM dopamine was regarded as specific binding, a single-site binding model was obtained. The [3H]GBR-12935 binding was of protein nature since it was abolished after protease treatment and the binding appeared to label the dopamine uptake site. This was supported by the findings that dopamine uptake inhibitors inhibited the binding with high affinity (Ki 30-130 nM), whereas substances active at dopamine D1, D2 or autoreceptor sites revealed much lower affinities (Ki greater than 10 microM or inactive). Moreover, dopamine was the neurotransmitter with the highest affinity for the [3H]GBR-12935 binding site (Ki 30 microM). The dopaminergic nature of the [3H]GBR-12935 binding was further indicated by its regional distribution, which largely corresponds the known distribution of the dopamine system in the rat brain. The highest binding densities were obtained in the caudate nucleus and putamen (Bmax 1500-2000 fmol/mg protein), followed by the olfactory tubercle (Bmax 900 fmol/mg protein) and the substantia nigra (Bmax 300 fmol/mg protein). The apparent binding affinity (Kd) was the same in all brain regions (Kd 1-1.5 nM). Detectable specific [3H]GBR-12935 binding was obtained also in the globus pallidus, amygdala and cortices of orbital/rectus and cingulate gyri. Drug inhibition studies with the addition of low concentrations of dopamine and mazindol produced only alterations in the apparent Kd values, suggesting a competitive inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Dissociation kinetics of [3H]paroxetine binding to rat brain consistent with a single-site model of the antidepressant binding/5-hydroxytryptamine uptake site.

The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT uptake inhibitors on the dissociation of [3H]paroxetine from rat brain membrane binding sites have been investigated. The dissociation induced by 5-HT (100 microM), paroxetine (0.15 microM), clomipramine (1 microM), citalopram (1 microM), imipramine (1 microM), or norzimeldine (1 microM) was consistent with first-order dissociation kinetics with half-life values of dissociation (t1/2) between 130 and 140 min. The dissociation induced by the combination of 5-HT (100 microM) with either citalopram (1 microM) or imipramine (1 microM) was not different from that initiated by either agent alone. These dissociation data, which are at variance with previous data on the 5-HT transporter labeled with [3H]imipramine, support a single-site model of the antidepressant binding/5-HT uptake site.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of [3H]paroxetine binding in rat brain.

The binding of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) uptake inhibitor [3H]paroxetine to rat cortical homogenates has been characterized. The effect of tissue concentration was examined and, with 0.75 mg wet weight tissue/ml in a total volume of 1,600 microliter, the binding was optimized with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of 0.03-0.05 nM. Competition experiments with 5-HT, citalopram, norzimeldine, and desipramine revealed a high (90%) proportion of displaceable binding that fitted a single-site binding model. Fluoxetine and imipramine revealed, in addition to a high-affinity (nanomolar) site, also a low-affinity (micromolar) site representing approximately 10% of the displaceable binding. The specificity of the [3H]paroxetine binding was emphasized by the fact that 5-HT was the only active neurotransmitter bound and that the serotonin S1 and S2 antagonist methysergide was without effect on the binding. Both 5-HT- and fluoxetine-sensitive [3H]paroxetine binding was completely abolished after protease treatment, suggesting that the binding site is of protein nature. Saturation studies with 5-HT (100 microM) sensitive [3H]paroxetine binding were also consistent with a single-site binding model, and the binding was competitively inhibited by 5-HT and imipramine. The number of binding sites (Bmax) for 5-HT-sensitive [3H]paroxetine and [3H]imipramine binding was the same, indicating that the radioligands bind to the same sites. Lesion experiments with p-chloroamphetamine resulted in a binding in frontal and parietal cortices becoming undetectable and a greater than 60% reduction in the striatum and hypothalamus, indicating a selective localization on 5-HT terminals. Together these findings suggest that [3H]paroxetine specifically and selectively labels the substrate recognition site for 5-HT uptake in rat brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Not Available].

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Dentistry↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in psychotic patients.

Nine psychotic patients under continuous oral treatment with haloperidol were randomly given a test dose of 1.5-5 mg haloperidol orally and/or intravenously. Serum levels of haloperidol were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and serum concentration data obtained were submitted to pharmacokinetic analysis. The steady state concentration ratio between blood and plasma was determined and found to be 0.79 +/- 0.03. The blood clearance was then calculated to be 550 +/- 133 ml/min. The mean hepatic extraction ratio was intermediate (0.37). Consequently, for a drug mainly eliminated by hepatic metabolism like haloperidol, the total blood clearance and the extent of oral bioavailability can be affected by changes in hepatic blood flow, hepatic enzyme activities and drug binding. During continuous oral treatment with haloperidol, however, it can be shown that changes in the total metabolic capacity of the liver due to hepatic enzyme induction or inhibition should be important for the therapeutic effects of haloperidol. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was large (7.9 +/- 2.5 l/kg). The terminal half-life was 18.8 h after intravenous and 18.1 h after oral administration. The oral bioavailability (0.60 +/- 0.18) were in accordance with previous results in healthy subjects. A mean lag time after oral dose was 1.3 +/- 1.1 h and a longer absorption half-life (1.9 +/- 1.4 h) was found in the patients compared with healthy volunteers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Alcohol-preferring (AA) and alcohol-avoiding (ANA) lines of rats after introgression of alien genes.

Outcrossing has been used as a method for introducing new genetic variability into the high-drinking AA and low-drinking ANA rat lines that had reached their selection limits and were suffering of poor fertility and decreased litter size. The response to the renewed selection for differential alcohol consumption, and the effect of outcrossing upon the components of productivity are reported.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of hyperthyroidism with standard doses of radioiodine aiming at ablation.

Sixty patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with standard doses of 131I during 1969-83 in our department. The doses were 10-25 mCi (370-920 MBq), mostly 15 mCi (550 MBq). 38 of the patients have become hypothyroid, mostly within one year after treatment. There were 3 early relapses of hyperthyroidism; these patients became hypothyroid within one year after an additional dose of radioiodine. All hypothyroid patients had early substitution with l-thyroxine before overt clinical symptoms and signs had developed. There were no late relapses of hyperthyroidism. 15 patients had died during the follow-up; all were euthyroid or hypothyroid with adequate substitution. 28 of the 60 patients have been followed for 5-14 years, 14 for 2-5 years, 7 for 1-2 years and 10 for less than one year. Standard dose 131I treatment offers certain advantages compared with attempted individualized treatment. Late hypothyroidism after individualized dosage may be difficult to anticipate and detect, whereas early hypothyroidism after ablative standard dose treatment is easy to detect and control. Generally speaking, hypothyroidism is not to be regarded as a complication of radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism, but as its natural end result. The fixed dose schedule is especially well suited for regions where hyperthyroidism with no goitre or a small goitre is common.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Supersensitivity psychosis in schizophrenic patients after sudden clozapine withdrawal.

In two patients with chronic schizophrenia, who were on clozapine medication for more than 6 months, a sudden withdrawal of the drug resulted in a very pronounced deterioration of the psychosis within 24-48 h. The most prominent symptoms were auditory hallucinations and persecutory ideas and one patient tried to commit suicide. These observations are interpreted as supersensitivity psychoses induced by the very effective clozapine treatment.

Adult↗