Biomedical subjects

K Ericson

Publications and source records attributed to K Ericson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1982

Pain relief in labor by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Safety aspects.

A current density standard for current shapes used in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) must be established in order to avoid harmful effects. This is especially important when stimulating near vital structures such as the fetal heart. In the absence of an applicable standard, a preliminary safety norm is proposed, based on clinical experience during delivery and experimental measurements in the female bladder. Current densities due to TNS not exceeding 0.5 microamperemeter/mm2 are safe for the fetal heart. A stimulator and electrodes fulfilling the safety criteria proposed in this study have been tested. A filter which suppresses the electrical disturbances occurring during TNS, thereby permitting recording of the fetal heart rate during birth, has also been tested. TNS was given over both the low-back and suprapubic region. Results of clinical tests of the equipment during 15 supervised births are reported. No adverse effect in the mother or newborn infant were observed.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1981

Right retrograde brachial cerebral angiography with simultaneous compression of the left carotid artery.

Right retrograde brachial angiography with simultaneous compression of the left common carotid artery was performed in 12 patients, invariably resulting in filling of the right vertebral and the basilar artery. In all but one patient, the right carotid artery and its branches were also filled. Retrograde filling of the left internal carotid artery occurred in 8 patients. Furthermore, retrograde filling of the intracranial part of the left vertebral artery was obtained in 5 of 12 patients. A complete four-vessel cranial angiography was thus obtained in one third of the patients. The method may be considered as a safe and valuable adjunct to other angiographic techniques.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Positron emission tomography with 68Ga-EDTA compared with transmission computed tomography in the evaluation of brain infarcts.

The diagnostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) was evaluated in 41 examinations of 40 patients. 68Ga-EDTA was used as a positron source. The findings were correlated with those of conventional of CT scanning. A clearly pathologic accumulation of 68Ga-EDTA was detected in 29 of 41 PET scans. The precontrast CT scans were negative in 11 and non-conclusive in one patient. CT after administration of contrast medium was performed in 29 patients. Of these, 21 had a clearly pathologic PET scan and 14 had visible contrast enhancement on CT examination. The injury of the blood-brain barrier thus was better demonstrated with PET than with CT. The topologic diagnosis was, however, better demonstrated at CT. It seems that CT and PET are supplementary examinations and that PET is superior to CT in the detection of injury of or absence of the blood-brain barrier.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Computed tomography of epidural hematomas. Association with intracranial lesions and clinical correlation.

Computed tomography was carried out in 24 patients with epidural hematomas. The development of symptoms was noted as was the clinical state on admission and after treatment. The clinical picture was correlated to the size of the hematomas and to presence and size of associated intracranial lesions. All patients with epidural hematomas but without other intracranial lesions, had either a symptom-free interval or latent period after the initial trauma. More than 40 per cent of patients with associated intracranial lesions also had a free interval or a latent period. The clinical state on admission was limited prognostic value unless the pain reactions were extinguished, which indicated a bad prognosis. Shearing injury of the white matter was also unfavourable. Three patients died, constituting a mortality of 12.5 per cent in the present series.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Computed tomography and CSF spectrophotometry. Diagnosis and prognosis in 300 patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Computed tomography (CT) has been reported to show normal findings in 13-52% of patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Among factors deciding the diagnostic accuracy are the size and location of the lesion, the time elapsed from onset to examination, the use of contrast enhancement and the type of CT scanner used. To further elucidate these aspects, we designed the present study including 300 consecutive patients, all investigated by CT with a 160 x 160 matrix and cerebrospinal fluid spectrophotometry (CSF-SPE). CT indicated a specific diagnosis in 52.7%. In the majority of the remaining cases, additional subclassification was possible by CSF-SPE, emphasizing the complementary information obtained by combined examinations. CT was also found to be a useful tool for reliable prognostic prediction, irrespective of the initial clinical course.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Positron emission tomography in the evaluation of subdural hematomas.

Fifteen patients with 21 subdural effusions were investigated both with transmission computer assisted tomography (CAT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The tracer in the emission studies was 68Ga-EDTA. Twelve lesions were visualized both with CAT and PET. Five lesions that were negative or doubtful on CAT were visualized with PET, whereas four lesions negative or doubtful on PET were demonstrated by CAT. The two methods complement each other due to the fact that they are based on different mechanisms: CAT mainly on attenuation of the fluid collection. PET on isotope accumulation, particularly in the hematoma membranes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Extravasation and arteriovenous shunting after epidural bleeding -- a radiological study.

Eighteen patients with epidural bleeding had preoperative angiography with visualization of the meningeal arteries. Thirteen of these had extravasation of contrast medium from meningeal arteries and eleven also had shunting of contrast medium from meningeal arteries to meningeal or diploic veins. For easier demonstration of these findings, selective external carotid angiography and the use of larger amounts of contrast medium are recommended. Our results support the theory that the arteriovenous shunting has important implications on the pathophysiology of epidural bleeding. Failure to demonstrate extravasation and arteriovenous shunting may be explained in three ways: (1) inadequate angiographic technique; (2) arterial bleeding has stopped; (3) epidural bleeding is not arterial.

Cerebral Angiography↗

PubMed1979

Compartment analysis of contrast enhancement in brain infarctions.

Contrast enhancement has been studied with computed tomography in 18 patients with brain infarction. Four patients were examined on more than one occasion. A mode of contrast medium administration has been used that results in constant blood iodine concentration during the investigation. The enhancement pattern was analyzed using a compartment model. A fast and a slow component of contrast enhancement was quantified for different parts of the infarct. Correlation with the age of the infarct confirms earlier studies, indicating a maximum enhancement at 2 to 4 weeks after the incidence of the infarct.

Brain↗

PubMed1979

Incidence of basal ganglia calcifications on computed tomography.

In a group of 3,800 computed tomography examinations, 14 patients (0.4%) were found to have high attenuating lesions suggesting calcifications within the basal ganglia. The lesions were bilateral in all patients. A majority of the patients had psychic symptoms and convulsions. Electroencephalographic changes were frequent and extrapyramidal symptoms occurred. Until now only three patients have been endocrinologically examined. One of them had hypoparathyroidism. Since parathyroid dysfunction frequently is associated with calcifications of the basal ganglia, these patients should be referred for endocrinological evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Computed tomography of isoattenuating subdural hematomas.

CT scans of 87 patients with subdural hematoma were compared to those of 393 patients with midline shift caused by other intracranial lesions with regard to attenuation changes in the lesion and the character of the ventricular deformity. Isoattenuating was exhibited by 25% of the subdural hematomas and 5% of the other lesions. In 70 to 80% of the isoattenuating hematomas, the diagnosis could be made on the basis of the characteristic ventricular deformity. Other diagnostic procedures are not necessary in these cases.

Brain↗

PubMed1979

Angiographic findings in subdural hematoma correlated with CT attenuation values.

Twenty-eight subdural hematomas in 24 patients were examined by angiography and computed tomography (CT). The angiographic appearance of the hematomas was classified as either crescentic, lentiform, or transitional. The attenuation value of the hematomas was calculated from the CT scans. The mean attenuation of crescentic hematomas (13.8 EMI units--EU: 500 scale) was considerably lower than those of lentiform (21.7 EU) and transitional (19.8 EU) hematomas. The crescentic and transitional hematomas were either subacute or chronic, the chronic crescentic hematomas having an attenuation value at or around serum level. The lentiform hematomas were all more than 24 days old. The relatively high attenuation in chronic lentiform and transitional hematomas was probably caused by rebleeding, and the shape indicates enlargement of the hematomas after membrane formation has occurred. In the chronic, low attenuation crescentic hematomas, no recent bleed and no enlargement had occurred.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Detection of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries by the use of 123I-fibrinogen.

A non-invasive method for detecting atherosclerotic plaques by the administration of radioactively labelled fibrinogen has been used in a pilot study in one non-atherosclerotic patient and in four patients with unilateral or mainly unilateral atherosclerotic changes. Immediately after 1 mCi 123I-labelled fibrinogen had been given intravenously, the cervical region was examined with a gamma camera and again after 4 h and 20 h. In the control case there was little difference in activity between the left and right carotid regions. The other cases showed a significant increase of activity over the region of the plaque after 4 h. This increased uptake had disappeared after 20 h. Studies to clarify the nature of this uptake and the usefulness of the method are in progress.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

The broken clip.

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Female↗

PubMed1977

Variation with time of the attenuation values of intracranial hematomas.

Fourteen cases of subdural, epidural, and intracerebral hematoma, in which the time of the trauma or bleeding was known, were selected. Attenuation of samples taken at surgery showed good correlation with attenuation values determined by computed tomography (CT). The decrease in the attenuation of the hematoma from the time of trauma or bleeding was studied.

Brain↗

PubMed1977

Computed tomography of cranial subdural and epidural hematomas: variation of attenuation related to time and clinical events such as rebleeding.

Forty-one cases of subdural and nine of epidural hematomas were studied with regard to attenuation and the time between trauma and computed tomography scanning. The attenuation of the hematomas showed a consistent decrease with time during the first 4 weeks. High attenuation of chronic subdural hematomas is explained by a sudden or continuous rebleeding. No correlation was found between the attenuation of the hematoma and the attenuation of venous blood from the same patient.

Brain↗

PubMed1977

Some aspects of contralateral compression in carotid angiography.

The effect of compression of the noninjected carotid artery at carotid angiography was studied; compression above the bifurcation was compared to compression below the bifurcation. The timing of the compression in relation to the contrast injection was varied. In 12 patients an increased contrast dose was used. Retrograde contrast filling of the noninjected carotid was better when compression was applied below the biturcation. With increased contrast dose and prolonged injection time, visualization of the noninjected carotid artery was further improved, as was contrast filling of the noninjected hemisphere.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗

PubMed1976

Streptokinase treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity. Clinical, phlebographic and plethysmographic evaluation of early and late results.

The investigation comprises 19 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis of the leg treated with streptokinase. The acute clinical symptoms rapidly subsided in 15 patients. Phlebography, performed immediately after treatment, revealed complete thrombus regression in 7 cases, restoration of venous flow but remnants of thrombi in 4 and no effect in 7. One woman was not evaluated radiologically due to pregnancy. The phlebographic restoration seemed to be correlated to the duration of the thrombotic symptoms. Follow-up examinations 6-50 months after the thrombotic incident demonstrated normal phlebograms in 8 patients, all of whom were also free from post-thrombotic symptoms. Venous occlusion plethysmography confirmed that these patients had a normal venous outflow capacity and valvular function in the relevant limbs. By contrast, the remaining 11 patients, with more or less extensive remnants of thrombi at the follow-up phlebography, were found to have plethysmographic signs of venous obstruction and sometimes also valvular insufficiency. The results indicate that thrombolytic treatment is able to give a complete and lasting anatomical and functional restitution of the deep veins after an acute thrombosis in the leg, provided that treatment is induced early enough.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Postoperative leg vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisn after upper abdominal operations. A prospective study with 125I fibrinogentest and pulmonary scintigraphy.

The incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs and of pulmonary embolism has been studied in 49 patients operated upon for gallbladder and gastric diseases. 125I fibrinogen test was performed preoperatively and usually five times postoperatively. Pulmonary scintigraphy was also performed preoperatively and usually twice after the operation. An attempt was made to evaluate the prophylactic effect of Dextran 40. Only one patient developed a deep vein thrombosis without clinical signs. Postoperative pulmonary embolism was found in 13 patients, all but one clinically silent. The second postoperative pulmonary scintigraphy showed that the emboli had disappeared or diminished in 6 patients. Because of the low number of patients with deep venous thrombosis the prophylactic effect of Dextran 40 could not be assessed. The present investigation showed that the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in the legs was low after operations in the upper part of the abdomen while the incidence of pulmonary embolism was high. No connection between leg vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism could be demonstrated.

Aged↗