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Biomedical subjects

K Ericson

Publications and source records attributed to K Ericson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The blood tumour barrier in intracranial tumours studied with X-ray computed tomography and positron emission tomography using 68-Ga-EDTA.

Disruption of the blood brain barrier or rather blood tumour barrier in cerebral tumours was studied with CT after intravenous injection of contrast medium and with PET after intravenous administration of 68-Ga-EDTA. Histology from stereotactic biopsies or open surgery is compared with the radiologic findings and advantages of the respective methods are discussed. The material consisted of 47 patients mainly with supratentorial gliomas and a few miscellaneous tumours. Astrocytomas (Kernohan grade II) were found to have no disruption of blood tumour barrier while anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas (Kernohan grade III and IV) had. PET is somewhat superior to CT in detection of disruption of the blood tumour barrier. It is concluded that the combination of CT and PET is of value in the assessment of intracranial tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A new etiology for visual impairment and chronic headache. The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome may be only one manifestation of venous vasculitis.

The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is characterized by recurrent periods of painful ophthalmoplegia, dramatically ameliorated by steroid treatment. In half of the cases orbital phlebography shows characteristic changes. Ninety-six patients with orbital pain characteristic of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were submitted to orbital phlebography regardless of the existence of other symptoms. A pathologic phlebogram with changes typical of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was found in 50 patients. In 17 of these 50 patients the symptoms consisted of orbital pain only and no ophthalmoplegia. Twenty patients had pain and ipsilateral decrease of vision but no ophthalmoplegia, and 13 had painful ophthalmoplegia. Of 41 patients treated with steroid medication 39 responded dramatically with regard to the pain. Earlier findings indicate that the phlebographic changes are due to venous vasculitis, which thus may cause irreversible visual impairment but also chronic headache without ophthalmoplegia. It is concluded that the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome may be only one manifestation of a not uncommon disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in human gliomas evaluated with positron emission tomography.

A specific ligand for peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors, Ro5-4864, was synthesised and labelled with 11C for use in positron emission tomography (PET). Four patients with suspected glioma, two patients with high grade astrocytoma and two with low grade astrocytoma, as well as one patient with meningioma were examined with PET after the administration of 200 MBq 11C-Ro5-4864. The images as well as kinetic analyses revealed lower uptake of the ligand in tumor as compared with cortical tissue. Markedly elevated uptake in the thalamus suggests a functional role of the ligand.

Benzodiazepinones↗
PubMed1986

Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in anxiety disorders studied with positron emission tomography before and after psychosurgical intervention. A preliminary report.

Regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRGl) was studied with positron emission tomography in patients suffering from severe anxiety disorders undergoing capsulotomy, an anti-anxiety psychosurgical intervention in which fronto-limbic connections are interrupted. Preliminary observations on five patients show a statistically significant reduction in rCMRGl postoperatively in the orbitomedial frontal cortex, a region knonw to be of relevance for the capsulotomy effects. Clinically, 4 of 5 patients improved after surgery. The study may provide new information on the pathophysiology of anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography examination of the influence of autotraction on herniation of the lumbar disc.

The effect of autotraction on the configuration of herniated discs was studied by computed tomography. Twenty-five patients with lumbago and sciatic pain were studied by means of GE CT/T8800 scan of the lumbar spine (two lower levels), before and after autotraction. Four patients had CT scans of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels during the actual autotraction. For this part of the study a special table was designed to be fitted into the CT scanner. In this way it was possible to study the configuration of the herniated disc during the time the traction force was applied. The results were uniform. In none of the patients could we register any difference in the disc, which retained its herniation. Despite this, good clinical results were obtained after autotraction. Consequently, the effect of autotraction is not connected with any marked change in the configuration of the herniated disc.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Autotraction in lumbar disc herniation. A myelographic study before and after treatment.

Autotraction is a method of diminishing lower back pain and sciatica in which the patient stretches himself on a specially designed traction table. The pulling force ranges between 400-800 N. Clinical results are encouraging and the method can be recommended as a temporary treatment especially in lumbago with sciatica. The influence on a herniated disc is discussed with respect to the suggestion that autotraction will diminish the herniation. In this study myelographic examination revealed that herniation was the same in location and size before and after autotraction. However, there was a marked clinical improvement in all patients but one.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Experience with a 36 cm image intensifier system in neuroradiological examinations.

A large-sized image intensifier-TV-fluorographic system in combination with 100 mm sheet-film camera was evaluated for use in neuroradiologic practice. The image intensifier tube had new features such as a large input screen diameter, metal input screen cover and fiber optics on the output screen. The system was evaluated both technically and clinically. With some modifications, the tested system can be recommended for use in neuroangiography provided that it is supplemented by facilities for full-size or magnification technique.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Orbital phlebography in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with normal subjects.

Orbital phlebography has been reported to be pathologic in some patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome (recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia). A systematic study of the phlebographic findings in Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with a normal material seems not to have been performed. In this investigation, orbital phlebography was performed in 19 patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome and in a reference group of 23 persons without the disease. In 13 of 19 patients (68%) with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, the phlebography was pathologic (narrowing or occlusion of particularly the third segment of the superior ophthalmic vein, partial occlusion of the cavernous sinus). Orbital phlebography was normal in all but one of the subjects in the reference group. The medical history of this subject in retrospect revealed symptoms other than painful ophthalmoplegia commonly found in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, suggesting that he suffered from a variant of the disease causing the syndrome. In one patient with recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia a biopsy from an eye muscle showed venous vasculitis, probably indicating the basic pathology behind the phlebographic changes in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Arterio-venous epidural shunting in epidural bleeding radiological and physiological characteristics. An experimental study in dogs.

In order to test the possibility suggested in previous studies that the long bleeding time and the large bleeding volume observed in experimental epidural bleeding can be explained by the development of an arterio-venous shunt, water soluble X-ray contrast was injected into the epidural space in dogs during an epidural bleeding in progress. It was found that the contrast medium left the epidural space through diploic veins in the cranial bone to the neck veins. By draining off epidural blood the arterio-venous shunt counteracts the intracranial pressure tamponade developing in intradural bleeds and thus prolongs bleeding. Perfusion experiments showed the absorption capacity for saline to be about 20 times as large in the epidural space as in the CSF space. While there was no apparent absorption limit for blood in the epidural space the absorption capacity for blood of the subarachnoid space became progressively saturated, leading to a continuously increasing CSF outflow resistance and CSF steady-state pressure. A theory for the formation of epidural haematoma is proposed which in essence implies that the epidural shunt is a major determinant of the clinical outcome of an epidural bleeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Discrepancies in brain tumor extent as shown by computed tomography and positron emission tomography using [68Ga]EDTA, [11C]glucose, and [11C]methionine.

A patient with an anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma was examined with computed tomography (CT) and with positron emission tomography (PET), in the latter case using [68Ga]EDTA, [11C]glucose, and [11C]methionine. The CT examination as well as the [68Ga]EDTA study showed a small tumor located in the region of the head of the left caudate nucleus. The [11C]glucose examination showed increased uptake on the same region, as did the [11C]methionine examination, but the latter also showed a considerable uptake in the entire left thalamic region. The patient died 15 days after the [11C]methionine study and a histologic evaluation of thin sections obtained at autopsy showed excellent agreement between tumor extent and activity distribution after [11C]methionine administration. The tumor tissue seen only with [11C]methionine was histologically different from that part of the tumor observed with the other tracers. Although cytologically similar, the latter showed large necrotic areas and an ability to induce marked endothelial proliferation, whereas in the former neither necroses nor notable endothelial proliferation was seen. In this case more than 50% of the tumor would have remained radiologically imperceptible without the [11C]methionine PET examination.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1983

Size of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Internal carotid angiography was performed in 38 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. The diameters of the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries were measured and compared with the expected normal values obtained from a previously published study of a reference group of patients. The internal carotid artery was narrower than expected in the region close to the Gasserian ganglion and wider proximal and distal to this region. The differences were statistically significant. In 45 per cent of the patients, tortuosity and kinking of the internal carotid artery was found, indicating ectasia. Thus, in spite of signs of ectasia of the internal carotid artery, a significant reduction of the vessel size was seen close to the Gasserian ganglion, suggesting an etiologic relationship between the vascular changes and trigeminal neuralgia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Experience with iohexol in lumbar myelography.

An open phase II clinical trial of iohexol for lumbar myelography in 17 patients is reported. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was exceedingly low. Special attention was paid to psychic reactions and no such were recorded. The CSF analyses and EEG recordings before and after myelography did not differ significantly. The CSF protein content could not be evaluated as the contrast medium interfered with the reagents.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clinical experience with the objective symmetry detector method for gammaencephalography.

The objective symmetry detector method for gammaencephalography previously described has been further developed. A rapid micro-computerized automatic measuring device has been constructed and the method used in screening of neurologic patients. The previously chosen classification boundaries between normal and pathologic isotope distributions were not entirely satisfactory for clinical screening of patients with neurologic symptoms. By use of new classification boundaries, 87 per cent of patients with brain tumours could be separated from patients with neurologic symptoms but without gross brain lesions and from neurologically healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Basal ganglia calcifications on CT: relation to hypoparathyroidism.

Eleven of 12 patients with primary hypoparathyroidism had CT evidence of bilateral intracerebral calcifications, mostly within the basal ganglia, but also in other sites. None of the 12 patients with secondary hypoparathyroidism had intracerebral calcifications. Among 20 patients with calcifications discovered incidentally, idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in 2 patients. Four patients had calcifications associated with antiepileptic treatment, parkinsonism, or Kearns-Sayre syndrome. The cause of the calcifications was unknown in 14 patients. No specific neurologic sign was related to the localization of the intracerebral calcifications. Incidentally discovered basal ganglia calcifications should lead to endocrinologic evaluation of parathyroid function. CT examination of the skull may be used to ascertain the diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Pain relief in labor by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Testing of a modified stimulation technique and evaluation of the neurological and biochemical condition of the newborn infant.

In this prospective randomized study of pain relief in labor, the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) performed over both the low-back and suprapubic region was evaluated and compared with a control group not receiving TNS. Both high frequency and pulse train TNS were used. The study included 24 induced labors. In the TNS group, conventional methods were added when needed, while in the control group only conventional methods were used. Assessment of low-back and suprapubic pain was performed by the parturient each hour during the first stage. In the TNS group most of the parturients reported minimal or moderate low-back pain throughout labor, while parturients in the control group reported an increased intensity of low-back pain as labor progressed. The effect of suprapubic pain was insignificant in both groups. Neither TNS nor nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture and pethidine could reduce this pain component. Course of labor, uterine activity and fetal heart patterns were similar in the two groups. The neonates were evaluated with Apgar score, assays of blood samples from the umbilical vein including blood lactate, plasma hypoxanthine and blood gas, and neurobehavioral assessment on two occasions. All newborn infants were in good condition and no significant differences between the two groups could be demonstrated.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗