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Biomedical subjects

K Dohi

Publications and source records attributed to K Dohi.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The prognostic significance of urinary interleukin 6 in IgA nephropathy.

Our previous study has shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, is closely associated with the pathogenesis of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (mesPGN). To investigate whether urinary IL-6 can be used as an indicator in the prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy, we monitored IL-6 activity in the urine of patients with IgA nephropathy for 10 months and compared IL-6 activity with clinical data as well as the histological changes of the kidneys obtained from the patients. It was found that among the patients who had continuously high urinary IL-6 activity, histological progression of IgA nephropathy was observed. On the other hand, among the patients whose urinary IL-6 became undetectable during the 10-month follow-up, histological improvement of IgA nephropathy was observed. These data suggest that the measurement of urinary IL-6 is a helpful tool for monitoring the progression of IgA nephropathy.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

Effects of sex difference, gonadectomy, and estrogen on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced rat thyroid tumors.

The occurrence of thyroid tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and low iodine diet in Long-Evans (LE) rats was studied with special reference to sex difference, effect of gonadectomy, and estradiol administration. Rats of experimental groups 1-6 were given i.v. injections of 40 mg of MNU/kg of body weight at 50 days of age and fed on low iodine diet from 28 days of age to the end of the experiment (30 weeks after MNU administration). They consisted of male, female, castrated male, ovariectomized female, and gonadectomized male and female rats given 2.5 mg estradiol pellets s.c. Rats of groups 7-10 served as the respective controls without MNU or low iodine diet. Levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone and estrogen receptor of the thyroid lesions were also examined. It was noted that the incidence of thyroid carcinoma was higher in females than in males (P less than 0.01) and did not change by castration in males but decreased in ovariectomized rats (P less than 0.01). Administration of estradiol after gonadectomy significantly increased the incidence of thyroid carcinomas in castrated and ovariectomized rats. Increase of mean serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels and thyroid and pituitary weights was also predominant in females. Mean thyroid stimulating hormone levels of both sexes were decreased by gonadectomy. Mean thyroid and pituitary weights were inhibited from increasing not by castration but by ovariectomy. Estradiol supplemented after gonadectomy significantly increased all of these factors. Estrogen receptors were detected in transplanted thyroid tumors but not in euthyroid tissues. The results suggest that estradiol promoted the thyroid tumorigenesis through activation of thyrotrophs in pituitary or direct interaction of estradiol and estrogen receptors in the thyroid.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Radiosensitivity of skin fibroblasts from atomic bomb survivors with and without breast cancer.

Fibroblasts were established in vitro from skin biopsies obtained from 55 women and 1 man with or without breast cancer and with or without exposure to radiation from the atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima. The radiosensitivity of these cells was evaluated by clonogenic assays after exposure to X-rays or to fission neutrons from a 252Cf source. Data were fitted to a multitarget model, S/S0 = A [1 - (1 - ekD)N], for both X-ray and neutron dose-survival curves. A single hit model, S/S0 = AekD, fits the neutron dose-survival responses as well. There were no differences in the means or variances of radiosensitivity between exposed and nonexposed groups or between patients with or without breast cancer. Hence, although the sample is not large, it provides no support for the hypothesis that atomic bomb radiation preferentially induces breast cancer in women whose cells in vitro are sensitive to cell killing by radiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Alteration and enhanced expression of the c-myc oncogene in human colorectal carcinomas.

We examined the alteration and expression of c-myc gene in 52 human colorectal carcinomas using Southern blot, Northern blot, Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques. Out of the 52 cases, only one case showed c-myc gene amplification of more than 4-fold. The overexpression of c-myc gene was detected in the tumor tissue of 47 cases (90.4%). In Western blot analysis, the c-myc gene related proteins were detected in the tumor tissues which had the overexpression of c-myc gene. Immunohistochemically, c-myc p62 positive tumor cells were found in 24 cases (46.2%), while the stromal cells around the tumor cells showed c-myc p62 immunoreactivity in all cases (100%). The expression of c-myc gene and c-myc P62 protein did not correlate with histological type, depth of tumor invasion and stage grouping. These findings indicate that the high incidence of the overexpression of c-myc mRNA in tumor tissues might account for the c-myc gene expression not only in tumor cells but also in stromal cells including lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Female predominance of immune response to SSA/Ro antigens and risk of neonatal lupus erythematosus.

Eight-hundred and twenty-five patients attending the hospital with clinical signs and symptoms of collagen diseases were tested for anti-SSA/Ro antibody. The frequency of positivity to SSA/Ro was significantly higher in females, 11.0%, than in males, 3.2% (P less than 0.01). Five babies born to anti-SSA/Ro positive mothers all had neonatal lupus erythematosus and in one there were various cardiac abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Seroepidemiological study on the horizontal infection of HBV in healthy students].

In a seroepidemiological study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) over 7 years from 1982 to 1988, in a fixed population of 633 healthy students (15-20 years old), it was found that one HBV carrier who had adw subtype of HBV had also become sero-positive to r subtype, suggesting the superinfection with r subtype of HBV to the carrier. Then, some serological markers of HBV were further examined in the other 10 HBsAg positive carriers in the same population, and discussed the possibility of horizontal transmission of r subtype of HBV in the population. Of the 10 HBsAg positive carriers, 5 possessed adr subtype, 2 adwr, 2 adw, respectively, and the remaining one was not tested. Four of seven r subtype of HBsAg positive carriers exhibited pre-S2Ag and HBeAg activities which were considered as infectious markers. Epidemiological survey was carried on the four carriers with special reference to the possibility of the superinfection. As a result, it is still unclear the source of the superinfection, but at least, iatrogenically accidental transmission at the time of vaccination and contact infection in everyday life in school may be unlikely to attribute to the horizontal transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in preeclamptic patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Etiology and pathogenesis of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in patients with toxemia of pregnancy remain controversial. We examined 15 preeclamptic patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome. None of the patients had urinary abnormalities and hypertension before pregnancy. Clinically, proteinuria first developed during pregnancy and disappeared completely in all but one patient lost to follow-up after 1-30 months from delivery. Renal dysfunction, hypertension and edema rapidly resolved in the postpartum period. None of the patients had a progressive clinical course. Renal biopsy specimens obtained postpartum revealed typical features of preeclamptic nephropathy. In addition, findings compatible with FSGS were observed in 13 patients including 4 in which such lesions were unearthed by additional serial sectioning. These results indicate that FSGS may not only be induced by preeclampsia but also be one of the representative glomerular changes in preeclamptic patients with nephrotic syndrome. A favorable clinical course ensues in a manner similar to that of patients with the garden - variety of preeclampsia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[An immunohistochemical study of estrogen receptors in thyroid carcinoma].

Estrogen receptors immunoreactivity (ER-IR) has been examined in 64 cases of human thyroid carcinomas. ER-IR was found to be located in the nucleus of cancer cells and was detected in 30 (57.7%) of 52 papillary carcinomas that were examined. Eleven cases showing a good number of ER-IR positive cancer cells revealed a lowered EORTC index of under 65, and no ER-IR was found in 12 anaplastic carcinomas. These findings indicate that ER-IR might generally bear a similar reciprocal relationship to the malignancy of a thyroid carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental and clinical studies on liver tissue blood flow in obstructive jaundice].

To clarify some pathologic aspects of obstructive jaundice before and after bile duct drainage, changes in liver tissue blood flow were observed using an electrolytic historheometer, in combination with the FITC-dextran method, during experimental bile duct obstruction and after its elimination. Clinical investigations were based on histologic findings in liver tissue specimens collected by wedge biopsy at the time of laparotomy following bile duct drainage. Rats with bile duct obstruction showed significantly (P less than 0.01) lower values for liver tissue blood flow, with sinusoid dilation, in comparison to control rats, at 2 and 4 weeks following the initiation of experimental bile duct obstruction. Liver tissue blood flow disturbance subsided 3 days after eliminating the obstruction, at 2 weeks following its initiation, while no improvement occurred even following elimination of obstruction after 4 weeks. Clinically, in cases with a high degree of sinusoid dilation the effect of postoperative bile duct drainage was poor, with a high incidence of postoperative complication. These findings suggest that liver tissue blood flow disturbance might causatively affect the pre- and postoperative course of obstructive jaundice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Absence of correlations between radiosensitivities of human T-lymphocytes in G0 and skin fibroblasts in log phase.

Dose-survival curves were obtained for matched samples of peripheral T-lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts from a total of 22 patients who underwent various surgical procedures using loss of colony-forming ability as the end point. The results showed that the mean D10 (dose required to kill 90% of cells) +/- SD was 3.58 +/- 0.21 Gy for T-lymphocytes irradiated in G0 and 3.19 +/- 0.37 Gy for skin fibroblasts irradiated in log phase. The coefficients of variation were found to be 6 and 11%, respectively. Contrary to the expectation, regression analysis of D10 values for the two types of cells revealed no significant correlations. The absence of correlation most probably derives from the fact that the apparent interindividual variability of dose-survival curves is caused primarily by random experimental fluctuations at least in the case of lymphocytes. Possible reasons for the greater variability observed in the fibroblast assay are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A novel rescue drug, 15-deoxyspergualin. First clinical trials for recurrent graft rejection in renal recipients.

The present multicentral clinical study performed in 6 institutes demonstrated that the novel immunosuppressive agent, 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), is very effective on rejection. In 34 cases of rejection, 30 were treated with DSG at 40 mg/m2 (1 case), 80 mg/m2 (7 cases), 120 mg/m2 (9 cases), 180 mg/m2 (9 cases), and 220 mg/m2 (8 cases). The overall remission rate was 79% in 34 cases of rejection including accelerated, acute, and chronic rejection in different periods after transplantation. Analyzing the remission rates of early phase acute rejection occurring within 3 months after transplantation according to treatment pattern, the remission rate was 100% in 3 cases treated with DSG alone (using DSG 1 week or longer after other agents), 88% in 8 cases treated by rescue use of DSG (using DSG within 1 week after other agents), and 86% in 7 cases treated by combined use of DSG with other agents. Adverse reactions included reductions in WBC and platelets, anemia, perioral numbness, gastrointestinal troubles, and others. However all these symptoms were so mild that DSG treatment was not discontinued. Further studies are necessary on the effect of DSG, especially in acute rejection under conditions that reduce the many influences of other agents as much as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Involvement of IL-6 in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.

In this study, we demonstrated that IL-6 was a possible autocrine growth factor for rat mesangial cells (MC). rIL-6 induced in vitro growth of rat MC at a concentration of 2 to 200 ng/ml and IL-6 activity was found in the supernatant of cultured rat MC. Northern blot analysis as well as in situ hybridization revealed that IL-6 mRNA was expressed in the cultured MC. Of urine samples from patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN) 50% were found to contain significant IL-6 activity (ranging from 30 to 126 pg/ml). Urine samples from other type of primary glomerular diseases such as minimal change nephrotic syndrome or healthy volunteers contained no detectable IL-6 activity. Only 2 of 27 urine samples from membranous nephropathy contained detectable amount of IL-6. Furthermore, there was some relationship between the levels of urine IL-6 and the progressive stage of PGN. Finally, by immunohistochemical staining using an anti-IL-6 mAb, it was shown that MC in the affected glomeruli of PGN patients produced IL-6, whereas MC obtained from the patients with membranous nephropathy, minimal change nephrotic syndrome or normal kidney were not found to produce IL-6. These data suggest that deregulated production of IL-6 is involved in PGN and the measurement of urine IL-6 is helpful for the differential diagnosis of PGN as well as for monitoring the progression of PGN.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A case of hepatoblastoma occurring in an adult.

We present herein a rare case of hepatoblastoma occurring in an adult male. The patient was 22 years old and his laboratory investigations on admission showed a marked elevation of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum. CT scan and other examinations revealed a primary tumor, 6.5 cm in size, in the left hepatic lobe with metastasis in the head of the pancreas. Thus left hepatic lobectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy were performed, but metastasis to the right hepatic lobe, left lung and abdominal skin were found 2 months later. Despite repeated courses of chemotherapy with adriamycin and cisplatin, the patient died 9 months after his operation. Pathological findings revealed poorly differentiated type hepatoblastoma. A review of the literature revealed only twelve other such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The significance of immunochemically staining calcitonin and CEA in fine-needle aspiration biopsy materials from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

A review of ten surgical cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) demonstrates the usefulness of establishing a preoperative cytological diagnosis through the immunochemical staining of calcitonin (CT) and CEA in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy smears. If MCT is suspected after routinely performing May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained cytology of an FNA biopsy in the outpatient clinic, then CT and CEA staining is recommended for confirmation of MCT. The advantages of this immunochemical staining include that it can be carried out in the outpatient clinic within one day and also that it is much less costly than measuring serum CT and CEA.

Biopsy, Needle↗