Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Dohi

Publications and source records attributed to K Dohi.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A review of forty-five years study of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. Thyroid cancer: reports up to date and a review.

Evidence to date from a number of studies, indicates that there is an increased incidence of thyroid cancer among A-bomb survivors, and that the incidence rises with increase of dose and is especially predominant in females exposed at younger ages. Although 45 years have elapsed since A-bomb exposure, there are still some questions about the development of thyroid cancer: 1) Is the incidence now decreasing? 2) What factors, other than radiation exposure, are involved? 3) What is the incidence of multiple cancer, including thyroid cancer? With these questions in mind, it is apparent that studies in this field must continue for some time to come.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Parathyroid tumors in atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima: a review.

Parathyroid tumors in A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima have been studied. Thirteen cases of parathyroid tumor were confirmed from 4,136 autopsy cases between 1961 to 1977, and an elevated incidence of tumor with increase of dose (T65D) was demonstrated (P less than 0.01). A high proportion of 42.9%, 6 out of 14 parathyroid tumors extirpated at Hiroshima University Hospital between 1956 and 1988, were atomic bomb survivors exposed within 4.1 km from the hypocenter. From an epidemiological study using 23 parathyroid tumor cases detected in Hiroshima Prefecture between 1974 and 1987, an elevated incidence of parathyroid tumors with increase of dose (proximally exposed, other exposed and control nonexposed) was demonstrated (P less than 0.001).

Humans↗
PubMed1991

X-ray sensitivity of fibroblast cell strains derived from atomic bomb survivors with and without breast cancer.

Fibroblasts were established in vitro from skin biopsies obtained from 55 women and 1 man with or without breast cancer and with or without exposure to radiations from the atomic bomb (A-bomb) explosion in Hiroshima. The radiosensitivity of these cells was evaluated by clonogenic assays after exposure to X-rays. Dose-response curves were fitted to a multitarget model, S/S0 = A[1-(1-e-D/D0)N]. There was no difference in the means or variances of radiosensitivity between exposed and nonexposed groups, or between groups with and without breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[New experimental rabbit model with PTFE grafts interpositioned in infrarenal abdominal aorta--influence of hyperlipidemia in prosthetic grafts].

The major obstacle to clinical application of artificial blood vessel grafts with inside diameter of less than 4 mm is neogenic intimal hypertrophy at anastomotic sites. With the aim of preventing this artificial blood vessel graft anatomotic intimal hypertrophy, attempts have been made to improve surgical techniques and develop new materials for sutures and the grafts themselves. In the assessment of the preventive effects of various measures on anastomotic intimal hypertrophy, it is desirable to minimize variation in preoperative arteriosclerotic changes and uniform hemodynamics after vessel replacement surgery among the subjects. The present authors succeeded in creating an infrarenal abdominal aorta replacement model that meets these requirements using rabbits, and conducted experiments using this model to assess the effects of hyperlipidemia on anastomotic intimal hypertrophy. The anastomotic intimal hypertrophy lesion in the present rabbit infrarenal abdominal aorta replacement model is both morphologically and histologically similar to that found in human artificial blood vessel graft anastomotic sites. In addition, this model permits the easy obtain of animals showing the same hemodynamic status after vascular surgery. For these reasons, the present model is expected to serve well as an experimental model of artificial blood vessel graft anastomotic intimal hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Expression of Fc epsilon receptor 2 in minimal change nephrotic syndrome].

In order to clarify the mechanism for elevation of serum IgE level in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), we investigated Fc epsilon receptor 2 (Fc epsilon R2/CD23) expression, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, phycoerythrin (PE) labeled anti-CD23 monoclonal antibody and two-color flow cytometry. Moreover, serum IgE level was examined by radio-immunosorbent test. The subjects included 25 cases of MCNS, 17 cases of focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS), and 25 healthy volunteers as controls. The patients in the nephrotic stage of MCNS demonstrated significantly elevated levels of serum IgE, while those in the remission stage of MCNS showed no change in their serum IgE levels. In patients with nephrotics of MCNS, CD23+ cells, CD20+ CD23+ cells and CD23/CD20 ratio were significantly increased compared to normal controls. Furthermore, CD23/CD20 ratio in MCNS was significantly correlated with serum IgE level. Concerning FGS, there were no differences in serum IgE level and Fc epsilon R2 expression compared to those of normal controls. These results suggest that Fc epsilon R2 expression may be important in the mechanism of elevated serum IgE level in MCNS.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Intracavitary drainage procedure for giant bullae in compromised patients.

Two cases of giant bullae were treated by intracavitary suction and drainage procedure under local anesthesia because of the poor pulmonary function. After staged bullectomy, the patients returned to normal life. The first case was admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Tube drainage was performed in the giant bulla of the left lung immediately after admission. One month after recovery from right heart failure and mediastinal shift to the right side, bullectomy was performed using linear stapler. The patient was discharged 20 days later. The second case was admitted with severe dyspnea and bilateral giant bullae were noticed. We performed tube drainage for larger bulla of the left lung under local anesthesia. Two months later, bullectomy was performed on the right side, because the bulla on the left side became smaller and the general condition of the patient improved. The patient was discharged three months later on foot and has since been asymptomatic. Giant bulla is a well-established clinical entity which includes abnormal dilatation of various parts of the tracheo-bronchial tree and other discrete sacs originating from the interstitial portion of the lung. Giant bullae are frequently associated with marked dyspnea and emphysematous symptoms. However, these symptoms depend upon various factors: size, location, valvular mechanism, condition of the contiguous lung parenchyma and the changes that may take place in the intrathoracic pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Intraglomerular coagulation and fibrinolysis in human primary glomerular diseases].

It is a well known fact that intraglomerular coagulation plays an important role in the development of human primary glomerular diseases. However, the precise mechanism of intraglomerular coagulation, and intraglomerular coagulability and/or fibrinolytic activity remains obscure. The present study was aimed to elucidate the role of the intraglomerular coagulation and fibrinolysis in human primary glomerular diseases. Subjects enrolled in this study were 27 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), 14 patients with focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS), 36 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN), 161 patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (mesPGN), 9 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), and 40 healthy volunteers as controls. Normal human renal cortex as controls of isolated intraglomerular plasminogen activator activity (PAA) was obtained at the time of nephrectomy from the normal pole of kidneys removed because of an opposite pole tumor. Urinary urokinase (UK), fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 (B beta 15-42) antigens were measured by RIA. Urinary tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen was measured by ELISA. Urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were measured by latex agglutination method. Moreover, PAA was measured by 125I-fibrin films. The following results were obtained: 1) In primary glomerular diseases, levels of urinary UK and t-PA were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers, 2) Urinary UK and t-PA showed gradual decrease along with the development of mesangial proliferation, 3) Urinary UK and t-PA were significantly correlated with both the urinary FPA and B beta 15-42, 4) In mesPGN and FGS, PAA was significantly lower than that in normal controls, 5) PAA was significantly correlated with urinary UK, t-PA, FPA and B beta 15-42, 6) Urinary UK and t-PA in the patients with urinary FDP were significantly lower than those in patients without urinary FDP, 7) Urinary UK, t-PA and PAA were significantly lower in patients with intraglomerular fibrin deposition than those in patients without fibrin depositions. These findings suggest that the decrease of urinary UK and t-PA levels and the diminution of isolated intraglomerular plasminogen activator activity contribute to the progression of primary glomerular diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Study of portal arterialization with auxiliary liver in rats.

The effect of portal arterialization was examined in 20 heterotopic auxiliary rat livers. Portal blood was supplied from recipient iliac artery (0.58 mm in diameter) connected to the donor portal vein using the cuff technique. Portal hypertension caused by arterial blood pressure resulted in the immediate operative death by bleeding in four of the rats (20%) from the spontaneous rupture of the graft capsule. Severe graft congestion was noticed at autopsy 3-14 days after transplantation in 13 rats. Massive portal and sinusoidal congestion and focal hemorrhagic necrosis were confirmed by pathological examination. The results of our study demonstrate that the portal arterialization used in the auxiliary rat liver transplantation would not be applicable unless the optimal hemodynamic condition is warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Two cases of nephrotic syndrome associated with hydronephrosis].

We reported two cases of nephrotic syndrome associated with hydronephrosis. A forty four year old male patient who suddenly complained of nephrotic syndrome, showed left hydronephrosis caused by lower ureteral stenosis. Renal biopsy specimen obtained from the right kidney revealed minor glomerular abnormalities. A sixteen year old female patient had a long history of proteinuria before the onset of nephrotic syndrome. She suffered from bilateral hydronephrosis of which the etiology was unclear. Renal biopsy specimen obtained from the left kidney revealed membranous nephropathy. Because in both cases urine samples collected from each ureter showed the presence of a massive protein, the other kidney was thought to be involved with the same disease. The association of nephrotic syndrome with hydronephrosis is extremely rare. The significance of this unusual combination was discussed with respect to the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Role of conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in ischemic rat liver cell injury.

This study was undertaken to determine whether hepatic ischemia and the subsequent reflow of blood have any effect on the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase (XO). Ischemia of the liver for 90 or 120 minutes did not permit survival of the animals. XO represented 15% of the total xanthine dehydrogenase plus XO activity in the control liver. XO activity remained unchanged even after 90 minutes of hepatic ischemia, although a marked increase in lipid peroxide in the liver tissue was observed during the reperfusion. When hepatic ischemia was prolonged for 6 hours (animals were dead), XO activity rose to 35% of the total activity. Incubation of the liver at 37 degrees C resulted in a definite change in XO activity dependent on the length of incubation period. Although no significant changes occurred in XO activity during the first 2 hours of incubation, a marked XO conversion was observed between 2 and 4 hours, and a maximal conversion was achieved after 6 hours of incubation. These results suggest that XO newly generated during ischemia has a very limited role in oxygen free radical production after resuming perfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Membranous nephropathy with crescents in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report.

A 59-year-old man with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed renal dysfunction, proteinuria and hematuria. Neither gold nor penicillamine had been given. Light microscopy of a renal biopsy specimen revealed membranous nephropathy with crescents of various stages. The possible pathogenesis of such an unusual combination of membranous nephropathy and crescents in RA is discussed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Parathyroid tumors in atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima: first report of surgical cases, 1956-1988.

Seventeen patients with parathyroid gland tumors underwent surgical resection at the Hiroshima University Hospital between 1956 and 1988. Three of them where born after the atomic bomb explosion, and 6 of the remaining 14 patients (42.9% of the total- a high proportion) were atomic bomb survivors. Because parathyroid gland tumors and hyperparathyroidism are assumed to develop in patients who have been exposed to radiation after a long latent period, it is necessary to anticipate the possible occurrence of these diseases in atomic bomb survivors. The present paper is the first to report surgically extirpated parathyroid gland tumors in atomic bomb survivors.

Adolescent↗