Biomedical subjects

K Deguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Deguchi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[Antibacterial activities of new quinolones against fresh clinical isolates].

In order to investigate antibacterial activities of new quinolones (NQs) against a number of clinical isolates obtained in our laboratory during a period from February, 1993 to January, 1994, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using most of the NQs available in the market as of December, 1993. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Noticeable differences were observed among the antibacterial activities of 8 different NQs tested against Gram-positive bacteria, i.e., there were large differences in their MIC distributions. Some differences were also observed among different NQs in ratios of NQ-resistant strains among Staphylococcus spp. From these results, it seems necessary to further study tolerance mechanisms of these Gram-positive bacteria toward different NQs and also to examine possible differences in antibacterial activities among different NQs against Gram-positive bacteria in clinical settings. 2. MIC distributions against Gram-negative bacteria were also different among the 8 NQs tested. Though elevated MICs were observed against NQ-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in many cases, and somewhat higher, though not exceedingly high, MIC values than those against NQ-sensitive bacteria were found in other cases, patterns of MIC values against different NQ-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were similar for all of the 8 NQs tested. This may explain the fact that most of NQ-resistant Gram-negative bacteria showed similar resistant patterns to the 8 NQs tested. 3. Among the NQ-resistant bacteria, were found Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. Ratios of resistant strains were approximately 10% or lower for the former and approximately 20% for the latter. 4. With MICs of ampicillin and cefaclor used as control, it appears that benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive or PCG-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PISP or PRSP) and CEPs-resistant Escherichia coli are increasing.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1994

[Autonomic nervous function in progressive supranuclear palsy--comparison with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls].

This study evaluated the autonomic nervous function in 6 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The autonomic nervous functions in PSP patients were compared with those in 17 patients of Parkinson's disease (PD) and 9 age-matched healthy control subjects. Results were that all PSP patients and 59% of PD patients had sympathetic skin response (SSR) abnormalities. Significant abnormalities in cardiovascular response observed in PD patients suggested the presence of sympathetic and parasympathetic disturbances. There were no significant differences between PSP patients and control subjects in cardiovascular responses. But some of PSP patients showed abnormal cardiovascular responses compared with the results from the control subjects. In PSP patients mild disturbances in cardiovascular responses and sudomotor dysfunction were suggested. We consider that the high incidence of SSR abnormality is at least partially related to the presence of disturbances in the frontal lobes.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Antibacterial activities of cefetamet against clinically isolated strains from community acquired respiratory tract infections (II)].

Antibacterial activities of cefetamet (CEMT) against clinically isolated strains from patients with community acquired respiratory tract infections were compared to those of other oral beta-lactam antibiotics in the period from January to March 1994. The following results were obtained. 1. CEMT showed strong antibacterial activities against three major pathogens causing community acquired respiratory tract infections, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. However, antibacterial activities of CEMT against benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive S. pneumoniae (PISP) and PCG-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) were slightly weaker than of those of some the reference antibiotics. 2. No MIC value changes of CEMT were observed from year to year against Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1994

[Antibacterial activities of isepamicin against fresh clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli].

To investigate antibacterial activities of isepamicin (ISP), MICs of ISP as well as other aminoglycosides (AGs) were determined against many strains of Gram-negative bacilli that were clinically isolated in 1993. 1. No ISP-resistant strains were observed among isolates of Escherichia coli, Citrobacter diversus, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. or Proteus mirabilis. 2. ISP-resistant strains were observed among isolates of Citrobacter freundii, Serratia spp., Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providencia spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The frequency of resistant strains in each species, however, was lower for ISP than other AGs. 3. When MIC90s were compared, antibacterial activities of ISP determined in this study were quite similar to those determined during the drug's development period (1980's) in Japan, suggesting no increase in the number of ISP-resistant strains over the years. 4. The number of clinically isolated Gram-negative bacilli resistant to multiple drugs are increasing in from year to year Japan. Our results in this study suggest that antibacterial activities of ISP may be potent enough against such Gram-negative bacilli resistant to multiple drugs.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗

PubMed1994

[Antimicrobial activities of ciprofloxacin against recently obtained clinical isolates].

In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CPFX and other drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained in our laboratory from January to December of 1991, and of 1993. The results are summarized as follows: 1. CPFX-resistant strains were on the increase in various strains, compared to those in the early 1980s. However, many of CPFX-resistant strains were multi-drug resistant including beta-lactams. In addition, they showed cross resistance to other fluoroquinolone agents. 2. MIC distribution of other drugs suggested that there were increased frequencies of benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae (PISP) and CEPs-resistant Escherichia coli. However, MIC distribution of CPFX to these resistant strains were in a relatively low range. 3. When isolates of 1991 were compared to those of 1993, we confirmed that CPFX-resistant strains decreased among certain bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Also we confirmed that fewer CPFX-resistant strains were found among bacteria that may be highly related to infections encountered in daily medical care.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1994

[Antimicrobial activities of fosfomycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae recently observed in sinusitis patient].

In order to examine antimicrobial activities of fosfomycin (FOM), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of FOM and those of control drugs were determined against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from sinusitis patients from September to November, 1993, and the following results were obtained. 1. Among 50 S. pneumoniae strains tested, there were 10 strains (20.0%) of benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive S. pneumoniae (PISP) and 2 strains (4.0%) of PCG-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP); but the MIC distributions of FOM among the PISPs and the PRSPs were almost identical to those among the PCG-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP). 2. There were 12 strains (24.0%) of beta-lactamase producing strains among 50 strains of H. influenzae tested, but the FOM's MIC distribution among these strains was almost identical to that among beta-lactamase non-producing strains. 3. The results obtained on the MIC90s of FOM against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae suggest that the nebulization treatment with FOM nasal preparation satisfies the condition "above the MIC".

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗

PubMed1994

[A clinicobacteriologic study on sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric sinusitis].

We carried out clinical and bacteriological studies on sultamicillin (SBTPC) in pediatric sinusitis at 10 general practice settings. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The major isolated organisms from purulent nasal discharges were Streptococcus pneumoniae 27.5%, Haemophilus influenzae 32.4% and Moraxella catarrhalis 9.9%. Similar results were observed for the major isolates from nasopharynx. 2. 33% of the isolated S. pneumoniae were penicillin-insensitive S. pneumoniae (PISP) against which the MICs were equal to or higher than 0.1 microgram/ml. 3. PISP was isolated from 14% of all cases. 4. The clinical efficacy rate was 77.5% and was deemed satisfactory. 5. In the bacteriological study, persistence rate of PISP was 38.5% among the PISP from purulent nasal discharge and 60.0% among the PISP from nasopharynx which and these values were significantly higher than persistence rates of PSSP, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. 6. Adverse reactions were observed in 21.5% of all cases, involving diarrhea and loose stool.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1994

[Crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis in olivopontocerebellar atrophy].

We reported a case of crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis (CCCD) in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA). A 49-year-old male was admitted with complaints of titubation, dysarthria and tremor. Examination on admission revealed exaggerated triceps, patella and achilles tendon reflexes on both sides and rigidity in left wrist. Ocular movements were slightly saccadic and speech was scanning or explosive. Finger-nose and heel-knee coordination was poor on both sides (left dominant). Cardiovascular reflex tests showed abnormal findings, suggesting insidious autonomic dysfunction. Brain CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed mild atrophy of the pons and cerebellum. Brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed reduced cerebellar N-isopropyl-P-(123I) iodoamphetamine (IMP) uptake more prominent on the left than on the right side. A reduction of 123I-IMP uptake was more striking in the right thalamus, basal ganglia and frontal lobe than on the left side. The cerebellar sign which was left dominant and the left extrapyramidal sign were consistent with the side where reduction of 123I-IMP uptake was more prominent. We suggest that CCCD in our case resulted from transneuronal deactivation in the classic anatomical (cerebello-thalamo-cortical) pathway and dopaminergic (cerebello-basal ganglia-cortical) pathway. There is a possibility that CCCD reflects the development of pathological changes in OPCA.

Brain↗

PubMed1994

[A case of multiple sclerosis with intractable hiccup and acute respiratory arrest].

A 41-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis (MS) manifesting optic neuritis, cerebellar ataxia and myelopathy was admitted for intractable hiccup and aggravation of sensory disturbance in both lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a Gd-DTPA enhanced lesion from the level of the medulla oblongata, involving the reticular formation, to that of the vertebral body C2. She became abruptly unable to breath following aggravation of bulbar palsy and tetraplegia and mechanical ventilation was immediately initiated. The next day, voluntary breathing re-appeared but automatic respiratory failure remained unchanged. The respirator was completely removed after one month, and then the breathing was almost normal. In MS patients who develop intractable hiccup as an early symptom, it is suggested that the causative lesion is in the medulla oblongata. In such cases, we must carefully observe the clinical course because expansion of the lesion may induce respiratory failure.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Antibiotic efficacies of combined uses of arbekacin and various antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Efficacies of combined uses of arbekacin(ABK) with other antibiotics against between 57 and 76 clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were examined. Other antibiotics tested were fosfomycin(FOM), 5 cephems(CEPs), 2 penicillins(PCs) and imipenem. Percentages of strains that grew at various combination of serially diluted drugs in a microdilution method were scored, and for each pair of drugs > or = MIC50 or > or = MIC90 was determined. FIC-indices were calculated at > or = MIC50. Bacterial growth was inhibited by low concentrations of ABK dose-dependently, while most of the strains tested were resistant to 9 other drugs. FIC-indices with ABK were lowest when used together with ampicillin (ABPC) (0.516) followed by combinations with cefotiam (CTM) and cefuzonam (CZON) (each, 0.53), and FOM (0.625). When combined with 0.5 microgram/ml of ABK, 0.5 microgram/ml of ABPC inhibited more than 50% of MRSA strains. CTM or CZON in combination with the same amount of ABK to 2 micrograms/ml inhibited more than 50% of MRSA. Thus ABPC was found to be the most efficient in combined use with ABK to inhibit clinical MRSA strains.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1994

Enhanced tissue factor activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen in human umbilical vein endothelial cells incubated with lipoproteins.

The expression of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 was induced in cultured human umbilical vein cells (HUVEC) by very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL had a strong capacity for augmenting the expression of TF and PAI-1, while the capacity of LDL or high density lipoprotein (HDL) in this regard was very weak. VLDL and LDL also elevated TF activity in monocyte culture medium (VLDL, LDL) and the conditioned medium markedly elevated TF and PAI-1 production in HUVEC compared with directly added lipoproteins. These findings indicated that lipoproteins affect both monocyte-macrophages and endothelial cells, and that they cause a hypercoagulable-hypofibrinolytic state. It is thus possible that hyperlipidaemia could be a direct risk factor for thrombotic disease even if atherosclerotic lesions are not present.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1994

[Studies on the combined effect of fosfomycin with sulbactam/cefoperazone on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

We studied the combined effect of fosfomycin (FOM) with sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) on clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 246 strains) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (190 strains) in vitro. In ratio of mixed serum concentration of antibiotics at three hours after intravenous administration, the combination of FOM with SBT/CPZ and alone of arbekacin showed over 90% in cumulative percentage of MIC against MRSA and P. aeruginosa. The effect of the combination of FOM and SBT/CPZ was observed in MRSA strains of > 16 micrograms/ml of SBT/CPZ MIC and > 256 micrograms/ml FOM MIC. As well as in P. aeruginosa strains, the effect of the combination of FOM and SBT/CPZ was observed in strains of > 16 micrograms/ml of SBT/CPZ MIC and < 256 micrograms/ml FOM MIC, but it was not remarkable in strains of > 256 micrograms/ml FOM MIC. These results suggests that the combination treatment of FOM and SBT/CPZ may be effective for mixed infection of MRSA and P. aeruginosa.

Cefoperazone↗

PubMed1994

[Multiple sclerosis with syringomyelia--case report].

A 32-year-old woman experienced subacute onset of weakness in her left leg, urinary retention and difficulty in extending her right middle and third finger. She subsequently suffered episodes of myelopathy, optic neuritis and cerebellar ataxia over a period of several years. Brain MRI showed multiple areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, consistent with multiple sclerosis (MS). However spinal MRI revealed no abnormal findings. In her most recent episode, at age 40 she developed paraparesis. Neurologic examination revealed down beat nystagmus on gazing to the right, horizontal jerk nystagmus gazing to the left, weakness of the right middle and third fingers and paraparesis associated with spasticity of the right leg. Sensory disturbance below C3 and diminished vibration and position sense in both legs were also observed. The patient could not stand or walk, and urinary disturbance was present. Spinal MRI revealed syrinx formation at the level of vertebral bodies C2 to C6. The syrinx within the cervical cord diminished in size after four months, but the patient was unable to walk unaided and had moderate sensory disturbance as before. This finding suggests that the prognosis of MS with syrinx formation following repeated episodes of myelopathy is not always favorable. We believe that functional recovery in MS with syringomyelia is affected by the severity of the demyelination and/or gliosis caused by MS rather than by the presence of the syrinx.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Antimicrobial activities of cefteram against recently clinically detected and isolated strains from patients with dental infections].

To investigate the antibiotic activity of cefteram (CFTM), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CFTM and of the control drugs were determined against clinically isolated strains received from November 1991 to April 1993 from 19 dental facilities throughout the country, as well as against clinically isolated strains from samples obtained at this center from patients with dental infectious diseases, and the following results were obtained. 1. 430 strains were detected in 198 cases but identified strains amounted to 425. They are comprised of 204 strains of oral streptococci (48.0%), 81 strains of Peptostreptococcus spp. (19.1%), 10 strains of Bacteroides spp. (2.4%), 23 strains of Prevotella spp. (5.4%), and 9 strains of Porphyromonas spp. (2.1%). The ratios of Gram-positive bacteria v.s. Gram-negative bacteria were 78.4% and 21.6%, respectively, and the Gram-positive bacteria were isolated at higher frequency than Gram-negative bacteria. 2. The MIC90's of CFTM against oral streptococci and Peptostreptococcus spp. were 0.10 microgram/ml and 0.05 microgram/ml, and year to year increases of incidences of resistance against CFTM were not observed. Some strains, however, appeared to have obtained resistance to CFTM. 3. Among Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp. which used to belong to genus Bacteroides, there were some strains resistant to CFTM. As a whole, however, no year to year increases in the incidence of CFTM resistance among these strains also. 4. Two strains of 6 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus were methicillin-resistant. 5. The above observations indicate that CFTM still shows strong antimicrobial activity against clinically isolated strains that may be involved in dental infections.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1994

[Antibiotic activities of cefpirome against fresh clinical isolates resistant to multiple drugs].

Using multiple drug-resistant clinical isolates isolated since September 1992, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cefpirome (CPR) were determined. Several control drugs were also used, and these MIC-determinations were made to determine the antibiotic activity of CPR. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Antibiotic activities of CPR against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, and benzylpenicillin-insensitive or resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae showed that expanded antibacterial spectrum of CPR and its enhanced antibiotic action against Gram-positive bacteria. We suggest that among the existing fourth-generation cephem antibiotics, CPR is "characteristically strong against Gram-positive bacteria". 2. Strong antibiotic activities of CPR were recognized against bacteria of family Enterobacteriaceae that were resistant to the third-generation cephems. The strong antibiotic activities appeared to be due to CPR's stability and decreased affinity for beta-lactamase. 3. Antibacterial spectrum of CPR was expanded against non-glucose fermented Gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It appears that this expansion of antibacterial spectrum is due to CPR's affinities for a wide range of penicillin-binding proteins as well as its improved permeability into tissues.

Cephalosporins↗

PubMed1994

[beta-lactamase activity in sputum of patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections].

beta-Lactamase production and activities in sputa of patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) were determined and following results were obtained: 1) Suspected causative organisms frequently isolated were H. influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Similar results were previously reported. 2) Various beta-lactamase producing indigenous bacteria were detected. In many cases these indigenous beta-lactamase producing strains were isolated even when suspected causative bacteria were not beta-lactamase producers. 3) beta-Lactamase activities were detected from 61.5% of the sputa tested. Remaining activities of antibiotics added to the sputa were highly correlated with detection of beta-lactamases produced by suspectedly causative and indigenous strains and with presence of beta-lactamase activities in the sputa. Sulbactam/cefoperazone was stable in sputa than other antibiotics tested. 4) We concluded that the beta-lactamase produced by indigenous strains can be one of the factors of indirect pathogenicity in the community-acquired LRTI.

Cefoperazone↗

PubMed1994

[Antimicrobial activities of cefuroxime against recent clinical isolates].

Antimicrobial activity of cefuroxime axetil (CXM-AX) was compared with those of other cephem antibiotics against clinically isolated strains obtained mainly from outpatients of our center in a period from January to September of 1990 and 1993. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined and the following results were obtained. 1. The results suggested that, compared with reports of studies conducted with clinical isolates in early 1980's, MIC80 of CXM were equal to or lower against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Peptostreptococcus spp., and Propionibacterium acnes, except for Streptococcus pneumoniae, MIC80 which was slightly higher. 2. MIC90 of comparator drugs reflected those of new resistant organisms recently appeared, such as benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive S. pneumoniae (PISP), cephem-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp., new quinolone-resistant H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected also from specimens of community acquired infections. From the nature of MRSA detected in those situations MRSA appeared to present a continuing problem. 3. MIC90 against strains obtained from patients with community acquired infections was a good index of increases of multidrug-resistant organisms in the past. Therefore, the determination of MIC90 is important in examining changes with time of sensitivities or resistances of clinically isolated strains to antimicrobial drugs. 4. Antimicrobial activities of CXM against recent clinical isolates showed the existence of problems as mentioned above. However, MIC of CXM as well as those of comparator drugs indicated that antimicrobial activities of CXM against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., H. influenzae appeared to be relatively strong, and it is concluded that cefuroxime axetil still is one of the clinically useful oral antimicrobial drugs in the 1990's.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1993

Plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in leukemic cell homogenates.

Plasminogen activator (PA) and PA inhibitor (PAI) were measured in homogenates of leukemia cells. Both PA and PAI levels were higher in non-lymphoblastic leukemia than in lymphoblastic leukemia. The levels were below the sensitivity of determination in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) but showed significant increases in blast crisis (CML,bc). The level of the tissue type PA (t-PA) antigen was highest in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and that of the urokinase type PA (u-PA) was highest in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The PAI-I antigen showed no marked cell specificity, but the PAI-II antigen was markedly increased in myelomonocytic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL). From these findings, various PAs and PAIs are considered to be present in leukemia cells and to be involved in hemostatic disorders, thus they are of diagnostic value in leukemia.

Blood Cells↗