Biomedical subjects

K Deguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Deguchi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of piperacillin against fresh clinically isolated strains].

In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of piperacillin (PIPC), along with control agents, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) were determined against fresh clinically isolated strains from January to June, 1994. 1. The MIC70's of PIPC against major strains were approximately equal to those reported in the mid 1980s. 2. Strains for the study were supplied in approximately equal numbers from community-acquired hospitals and general hospitals. The ratios of bacteria resistant to beta-lactams including PIPC were low in the former group and high in the latter. 3. "New types of beta-lactam-resistant strains" which did not exist in mid 1980s but found at this time included benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae, PCG-resistant S. pneumoniae, cephems-resistant Escherichia coli and beta-lactamase producing Prevotella spp. These bacteria were also found among strains obtained from community-acquired hospitals.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/ticarcillin against clinical isolates].

In order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/ticarcillin (CVA/TIPC) against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1992 and 1994, beta-lactamase activities were analyzed and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined including those of the control drugs. The results are as follows; 1. Compared to a report in 1980, the MIC distributions of CVA/TIPC against E. coli and P. aeruginosa did not show large differences. We found, however, that CVA/TIPC-resistant strains increased among Enterobacter spp. 2. Almost all of CVA/TIPC-resistant strains of Enterobacter spp. were also resistant to cephems and new quinolones, thus they were multiple drug resistant. 3. CVA/TIPC showed strong antimicrobial activities against penicillinase producing E. coli.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of cefepime against clinically isolated strains].

In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefepime (CFPM), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CFPM and other drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained in 1994. 1. CFPM showed a wide antibacterial spectrum against Staphylococcus spp. and glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rods ((G)NF-GNR). Antimicrobial activities of CFPM against Staphylococcus spp. were stronger than those of ceftazidime (CAZ) and somewhat stronger than those of cefotaxime (CTX), and antimicrobial activity of CFPM against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was same as that of CAZ. 2. Antimicrobial activities of CFPM against almost all of Enterobacteriaceae were stronger than those of CAZ and CTX. And CFPM showed strong antimicrobial activities against CAZ-resistant Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter spp. 3. Antimicrobial activities of CFPM were weaker than those of CAZ against some of strains of Klebsiella oxytoca, beta-lactamase high producing strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis and than those of CTX against beta-lactamase high producing strains of Prevotella spp. 4. The feature of new cephems was demonstrated in that CFPM had wider antibacterial spectrum than cephems of previous genenations against Staphylococcus spp. and (G)NF-GNR and CFPM showed strong antimicrobial activities against almost all of oxacephem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin against freshly isolated clinical strains from outpatients].

In order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC) against freshly isolated clinical strains obtained in 1995, beta-lactamase activities and minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) were determined including those of the control drugs. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Detection frequencies of beta-lactamase producing strains were as follows: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (MSSA, 90.0%), Haemophilus influenzae (22.0%), Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis (100.0%), Escherichia coli (100.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (100.0%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (14.0%). It appeared that beta-lactamases produced by these strains were mostly penicillinase or enzyme of similar that. 2. Antimicrobial activities of CVA/AMPC against beta-lactamase producing strains were stronger than those of AMPC, and MIC90 of CVA/AMPC against benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive or resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was lower than those of sultamicillin, cefaclor and cefpodoxime. 3. CVA showed strong beta-lactamase inhibitory effect against M.(B.) catarrhalis of direct and indirect pathogenicity. We can expect CVA/AMPC to negate or decrease the influence of indirect pathogenicity.

Amoxicillin↗

PubMed1995

[Immunoadsorption therapy on Fisher's syndrome--removal ability of anti-ganglioside antibodies by tryptophan-linked immunoadsorbent].

There have been several reports describing that immunoadsorption therapy improves the neurologic involvement in Fisher's syndrome (FS). However, few studies have assessed the usefulness of immunoadsorption therapy in view of the removal ability of anti-GQ(1b) antibody, which may function the development of FS. We examined the ability of immunoadsorbents for the anti-GQ(1b) antibody in a patient with FS. A 28-year-old woman developed diplopia and giddiness following a cough, fever and diarrhea. On admission (day 22), neurologic examination showed bilateral moderate oculomotor paralysis and bilateral complete abducens paralysis. She had areflexia, numbness of middle and ring fingers on the left and mild ataxic gait. Her serum had IgG anti-GQ(1b) and anti-GD(1b) antibodies. We examined the absorption of anti-ganglioside antibodies onto a polyvinyl alcohol gel (PVA), a phenylalanine-linked PVA (PH-350) and a tryptophan-linked PVA (TR-350) by the batchwise adsorption method. TR-350 absorbed the autoantibodies, but the removal ability of autoantibody by PVA and PH-350 was not proved. The FS patient was treated with TR-350 (days 29, 34 and 43) and PH-350 (day 39). Anti-GQ(1b) and anti-GD(1b) antibodies were significantly removed by the TR-350, in accordance with the results of the in vivo study. There was little loss of albumin as compared with the immunoglobulins and complements. The numbness and ataxia disappeared on day 44. The diplopia disappeared on day 106. TR-350 would be better than PH-350 in the treatment of FS by immunoadsorption therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Expression of the catalytic and regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase type 2A may be differentially modulated during retinoic acid-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells.

To elucidate the regulation of protein phosphatases types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells, the phosphatase activity, proteins, and gene expressions of PP1 and PP2A were examined. Treatment with 1 microM ATRA caused an 85% decrease in the PP2A activity in extracts from HL-60 cells, while the PP1 activity was constant. This reduction in PP2A activity appeared to parallel phenotypic and functional changes of HL-60 cells induced by ATRA. Western blot analysis showed that the level of PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A-C) decreased during the course of ATRA-induced differentiation, whereas expressions of A and B (M(r) 55,000) regulatory subunits of PP2A were relatively unaltered. Expressions of PP1 catalytic subunit isozymes (PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma, and PP1 delta) were not significantly affected by ATRA treatment. Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNA levels of PP2A-C beta and A alpha regulatory subunits were decreased following treatment with ATRA, while levels of PP2A-C alpha and B (M(r) 55,000) alpha regulatory subunit transcripts were relatively constant. Selective down regulation of PP2A-C beta preceded the granulocytic maturation induced by ATRA. Expressions of PP2A-C isoforms and A and B regulatory subunits may be differentially modulated during ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells.

Blotting, Northern↗

PubMed1994

Elevated plasma tissue factor antigen level in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation.

The plasma tissue factor (TF) antigen level was measured in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The plasma TF antigen was detected in normal volunteers, and it was significantly higher in DIC patients than in non-DIC patients. However, in some patients with DIC, the plasma TF antigen level was within the normal range. The plasma TF antigen level in patients with DIC significantly decreased after therapy, but it was not correlated with organ failure or outcome. The plasma TF antigen level in patients with DIC was not correlated with other hemostatic markers. The plasma TF antigen level tended to be higher in DIC patients with nonlymphoid leukemia than in those with lymphoid tumor. TF might be implicated in the occurrence and progression of DIC.

Antigens↗

PubMed1994

Forskolin potentiates G-CSF-induced proliferation of a murine myeloblastic leukemia cell line.

The role of the cAMP/A-kinase signaling pathway in G-CSF dependent proliferation of murine myeloblastic NFS-60 cells was investigated. G-CSF treatment resulted in a rapid and transient elevation of cAMP content of NFS-60 cells. G-CSF treatment of NFS-60 cells also resulted in the activation of A-kinase parallel to the increase in cAMP concentration. A low concentration (0.2-10 nM) of forskolin augmented the G-CSF-dependent cell proliferation, although forskolin by itself had no effect on NFS-60 cell growth. Forskolin did not affect the IL-3-induced proliferation of this cell line. Addition of forskolin resulted in further increases in the cAMP level, activation of A-kinase in NFS-60 cells stimulated by G-CSF. Proliferation of NFS-60 cells by G-CSF, but not by IL-3, was blocked by the axial diastereoisomer of adenosine 3',5'-phosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS), a competitive cAMP antagonist. KT-5720(8R*,9S*,11S*)-(-)-9-hydroxy-9-n-hexyloxy-8-methyl-2, 3, 9, 10-tetrahydro-8, 11-epoxy-1H, 8H, 11H-2,7b, 11a-triazadibenzo(a,g) cycloocta(c,d,e)trinden-1-one), an A-kinase inhibitor, inhibited the G-CSF-dependent proliferation. These findings suggest that activation of the cAMP/A-kinase signaling pathway may be involved in G-CSF-mediated cell proliferation of NFS-60 cells, whereas IL-3-dependent proliferation is not mediated in such a manner.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effect of lipoproteins on tissue factor activity and PAI-II antigen in human monocytes and macrophages.

Expression of the tissue factor (TF) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-II were induced in cultured human monocytes-macrophages by incubation with lipoproteins. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) augmented the TF and PAI-II expression the most, followed by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a very weak effect by high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In macrophages pre-cultured for 3 days, oxidized LDL augmented the expression of TF activity in the macrophages to a greater extent than native LDL. These findings indicate that lipoproteins affect both monocytes and macrophages, and that they induce a hypercoagulable-hypofibrinolytic state. Thus hyperlipidemia may be a direct risk factor for thrombotic disease.

Blood Coagulation↗

PubMed1994

Calyculin A and okadiac acid inhibit human platelet aggregation by blocking protein phosphatases types 1 and 2A.

Two potent inhibitors of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) and type 2A (PP2A), calyculin A (CAL-A) and okadaic acid (OKA), inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, collagen and 9,11-epithio-11,12-methano-thromboxane A2 (STA2). IC50 values of CAL-A and OKA for STA2-induced aggregation were 53 nM and 3.5 microM, respectively. These drugs also inhibited thrombin-induced [14C]serotonin secretion of platelets. CAL-A and OKA elicited phosphorylation of certain proteins with an apparent M(r) (x 10(-3) of 200, 60, 50 and 20 light chain of myosin (MLC). Agonist-induced 47,000 M(r) protein phosphorylation was strongly inhibited by these compounds, whereas phosphorylation of 20,000 M(r) MLC was enhanced. The increase in 50,000 M(r) protein phosphorylation by CAL-A and OKA was observed in the presence of agonists, and the 50,000 M(r) phosphorylation may be involved in the inhibition of platelet activation by these compounds. Subcellular analysis of the phosphatase activity in human platelets showed that MLC phosphatase activity was present mainly (approx. 78%) in the cytosolic fraction. Chromatography of human platelet extract on heparin-Sepharose resolved two peaks of MLC phosphatase activity: PP2A in 0.1 M NaCl eluate and PP1 in 0.5 NaCl eluate. PP2A and PP1 isozymes (PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma and PP1 delta) have also been identified in human platelets, by cross-reactivity with polyclonal antibodies against PP2A and PP1 isozymes, respectively. These results suggest that PP1 and/or PP2A may play an important role in the process of platelet activation by regulating levels of phosphorylation of certain proteins.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMed1994

Ciliary motility and surface morphology of cultured human respiratory epithelial cells during ciliogenesis.

We used human respiratory epithelial cells in floating culture to study the motility and surface morphology of the cilia during ciliogenesis. Ciliary motility and surface morphology was examined by a high-speed video system and electron microscopy, respectively. On day 8 of floating culture, but rarely before, cells with numerous moving short cilia with mean ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of 17.8 +/- 2.5 Hz (mean +/- SD) were seen. The mean CBF was highest on day 10 (19.6 +/- 3.9 Hz) and reached 17.4 +/- 2.5 Hz on day 14. The ciliary beat amplitude (CBA) was recognized on day 8, abruptly increased on day 9, then continued with aging of the culture. The intracellular coordination of ciliary beats was poor on day 8 with random beat direction but improved up to day 12 when the intracellular uniform beat direction was established. However, intercellular coordination remained absent even on day 14. Results suggest that immature short cilia have a rigid beat pattern. With the elongation of the resulting whip-like movement, the ciliary beat was gradually synchronized. Although a ciliary elongation seems to be required for making intracellular coordination, other factors are involved in intercellular coordination. Also, a high CBF does not always indicate the activity of mature cilia.

Cell Membrane↗

PubMed1994

Increased activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex level in patients positive for lupus anticoagulant.

Activated protein C (APC)-protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex and APC-alpha 1antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) complex levels were measured in 29 patients positive for lupus anticoagulant (LA). LA was considered positive if two of the following three criteria were fulfilled: (1) prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time, (2) prolongation of the kaolin clotting time (KCT) and KCT mixing test, and (3) prolongation of the dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT) and DRVVT/DRVVT with high lipid concentration. Plasma thrombin-antithrombin III (AT-III) complex and plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin inhibitor complex levels in patients positive for LA were increased slightly, but not significantly, and FDP-D-dimer and t-PA levels were not markedly increased. Plasma PAI-1 level in the LA-positive patients was significantly increased compared with normal volunteers. AT-III activity, protein C antigen, PCI antigen, and protein S antigen levels in the LA-positive patients were virtually normal, while protein C activity was slightly, but not significantly, decreased. APC-PCI complex level was increased in all LA-positive patients, and was not detectable in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and normal volunteers. APC-alpha 1AT complex was increased slightly, in only two LA-positive patients; it was not detectable in the other patients or in the normal volunteers. These findings suggest that patients positive for LA are in a hypercoagulable state and that protein C activity in such patients is decreased, due to the activation of this protein.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Increased vascular endothelial cell markers in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis.

Plasma levels of the vascular endothelial cell markers, thrombomodulin (TM), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured in 55 patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD). TM, PAI-1 and vWF antigen levels were significantly increased in patients before HD, but t-PA antigen was not Compared with levels before HD, t-PA and vWF antigens were significantly increased 1 h after HD and at the end of HD. TM antigen was significantly increased 1 h after HD, and plasma PAI-1 antigen was decreased at the end of HD. TM and vWF antigen levels were negatively correlated with the time (years) on HD. It is concluded that HD may cause endothelial cell damage and that the increases in plasma TM, PAI-1 and vWF levels before HD, and the decrease in the release of TM and vWF antigens from vascular endothelial cells, might be caused by vascular endothelial cell damage from long-term HD.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Ciliogenesis and mucus synthesis in cultured human respiratory epithelial cells.

The mechanisms for the regulation of ciliogenesis and for the synthesis of mucus are not well understood. We sought to develop a culture system for differentiating ciliated and secretory types of human respiratory epithelial (HRE) cells. Dissociated HRE cells obtained from nasal polyps and maxillary sinus mucosa were cultured on type I collagen gel. Cells grown to confluence on collagen gel lost their cilia and exhibited a flat, squamous-like appearance. After reaching confluence, the cultured cells with a collagen gel substrate were removed from plastic dishes and floated in the culture medium. After 7 days in the floating culture, some cells exhibited several centrioles or basal bodies, while others showed secretory granules. The secretory phenotype predominated after 7 days. After 14 days in the floating culture, nearly all cells were ciliated. The results demonstrate that the differentiation of HRE cells can be induced by floating cultured cells with a collagen gel substrate in a defined culture medium.

Cell Differentiation↗

PubMed1994

Long-term survival in a patient with malignant carcinoid treated with high-dose octreotide.

Octreotide acetate, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, is effective in controlling and markedly reducing the symptoms of carcinoid crisis. We report a patient with carcinoid syndrome with prolonged survival for 4.5 years with high dose octreotide therapy and survived for 7.5 years after the first flushing, in spite of episodes of severe carcinoid crisis. Dose escalation was required in order to control carcinoid symptoms, and the final dosage was 5,950 micrograms/day. Although administration of such a high dosage of octreotide has never been reported before, we found that octreotide could be used at this dosage safely without inducing serious side effects, and probably prolonged the patient's survival. Our experience with this case indicates that octreotide acetate is an effective drug in controlling carcinoid crisis and prolonging survival without serious side effects.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1994

Successful continuous treatment with all-trans retinoic acid for acute promyelocytic leukemia; secondary malignancy after the treatment of osteosarcoma.

We report a rare case of complete remission for 32 months with continuous treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) alone in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia which developed as a second malignancy after the treatment of osteosarcoma after failure of conventional chemotherapy. The adverse effects of ATRA were apparently tolerable.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Increased activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex levels in patients with pulmonary embolism.

Activated protein C (APC)-protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex level was examined in 35 patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and in 20 healthy volunteers. Thrombin-antithrombin III complex, plasmin alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex, and fibrin-D-dimer levels were significantly increased in the patients with PE compared to levels in healthy volunteers. Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-I, tissue type plasminogen activator, and von Willebrand factor antigens were also significantly increased in patients with PE. Plasma level of APC-PCI complex was increased in most patients with PE and APC-alpha 1 antitrypsin complex level was increased in 13 patients. These complexes were not detected in healthy volunteers. These findings suggested that plasma protein C was activated in patients with PE, and that PCI was the major inhibitor of APC generated in this condition. Thus, regulation of the protein C pathway might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Antimicrobial activities of cefditoren against clinical isolates obtained from outpatients].

To examine the antimicrobial activity of cefditoren (CDTR) against strains clinically isolated from outpatients at this hospital from November, 1993 to February, 1994, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined including those of the control drugs. The results were as follows: 1. CDTR showed strong antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The MICs of CDTR against benzylpenicillin-insensitive or -resistant S. pneumoniae distributed in the lowest concentration range even compared to those of the control drugs. 2. CDTR showed strong antimicrobial activities against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. The MIC of CDTR against CEPs-resistant E. coli was lower than those of most control drugs. 3. Since the microbes described above the major pathogens for the community-acquired infections, CDTR will be effective against infectious diseases transmitted at outpatient visits.

Bacteria↗