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Biomedical subjects

K Dalaker

Publications and source records attributed to K Dalaker.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Infertility and chlamydial infection.

The prevalence of humoral IgG and IgM antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in 105 infertile women who underwent laparoscopy and/or laparatomy, and 90 pregnant women without any known fertility problems (control group). For chlamydial culture, cervical and urethral specimens were collected both from the infertile and the pregnant women, whereas specimens from the fallopian tubes were collected from the infertile women only. Among infertile subjects with abnormal fallopian tube findings, the prevalence of IgG as well as IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis was significantly higher than in the control group (P less than or equal to 0.001). Similar statistically significant differences in antichlamydial geometric mean titer (GMT) also were observed in sera from infertile subjects with fallopian tube abnormalities and the controls. The chlamydial isolation rate from lower genital samples was low both among the infertile and pregnant women. All tubal samples were culture negative. The present study indicates a close connection between infertility of tubal etiology and an immune response to C. trachomatis. The possibility of active or recent chlamydial activity in at least some of these infertile subjects is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Factor VII-phospholipid complex in male survivors of acute myocardial infarction.

The presence of an activated form of coagulation factor VII--a factor VII-phospholipid complex--in male survivors of myocardial infarction is described. The level of this complex did not correlate with age or level of conventional risk factor score, but showed a highly significant positive correlation with serum triglycerides in all the subgroups as well as in the whole study population (r = 0.88, p less than 0.0001). Measurement of this form of activated factor VII may constitute a simple and promising method for additional screening of men at risk for cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of some drugs on thromboplastin activity in mouse trophoblast cells in vitro and in vivo.

Mouse trophoblast cells are constitutive producers of the thromboplastin apoprotein in vitro. The effects on thromboplastin activity of the three transmethylation inhibitors 3-deazaadenosine (DZA), 3-deazaaristeromycin (DZAri) and erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA), the four calcium antagonists TMB-8, verapamil, nifedipine and felodipine, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl 3-isobutylxanthine (MIX) and monensin have been studied. No cytotoxic effects were detected when trypan blue exclusion, release of lactic dehydrogenase, incorporation of 14C-leucine into protein and cell morphology were monitored. TMB-8, felodipine, nifedipine and verapamil all abolished the increase in thromboplastin when added after 68 hr or 90-96 hr in culture. EHNA and DZAri had the same effect (but were only added at 90-96 hr). DZA had a similar effect when added at 68 hr and an even more marked inhibitory effect when added at 90-96 hr. Monensin prevented the increase in thromboplastin activity at 68 hr as well as at 90-96 hr. The combination of DZA and 1-homocysteine thiolactone (Hcy) further increased the inhibition, indicating that in these cases synthesis as well as degradation of thromboplastin were altered. The combination of DZA/Hcy and one of the four calcium antagonists gave no additional inhibitory effect. PGE2 had a biphasic dose-dependent effect. The increased thromboplastin activity at low concentrations of PGE2 (10 ng/ml) was inhibited by addition of one of the compounds verapamil, felodipine, nifedipine or DZA/Hcy. PGE2 at higher levels (10 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited thromboplastin synthesis. Combination of PGE2 (10 micrograms/ml) and one of the calcium antagonists, DZA/Hcy or MIX gave no significant additive inhibitory effect.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1986

Clotting factor VII during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium.

During pregnancy the activity of coagulation factor VII in plasma increases up to 248% (SEM 16) (n = 18) at 40 weeks even when all precautions to avoid cold activation are taken. This increase is at all times during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium entirely due to the presence in vivo of what is most likely a phospholipid-factor VII complex. This complex is sensitive to phospholipase C, so that treatment with the enzyme reduces the activity of pregnant plasma down to that of non-pregnant controls. When present in the complex factor VII has a higher specific activity and an altered conformation with a more accessible active site as demonstrated by increased susceptibility to inactivation by diisopropylfluorophosphate. Factors II and X are increased to 136% (SEM 4) and 171% (SEM 6) (n = 18) without being sensitive to phospholipase C. The increase during pregnancy and the decrease after delivery of the phospholipase-sensitive factor VII activity have been followed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A new form of coagulation factor VII in plasma.

We have reported the existence of a novel form of coagulation factor VII - probably a factor VII-phospholipid complex - in plasma from pregnant women and men at risk for cardiovascular disease. We report here further observations on the presence and characteristics of this complex. Some apparently healthy individuals who, on testing by standard methods, have normal levels of factor VII activity achieve such levels by means of a phospholipase C-sensitive modification of (some of) their factor VII molecules. Their residual factor VII activity after phospholipase C treatment of plasma may be as low as 10-20 U/ml. Antiserum to the protein component of thromboplastin (apoprotein III) had no effect on the factor VII activity, whereas antiserum to factor VII effectively blocked both the total factor VII activity and the residual activity of factor VII after treatment of plasma with phospholipase C. These factor VII complexes precipitate with the VLDL/LDL fraction in lipoprotein precipitations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A novel form of factor VII in plasma from men at risk for cardiovascular disease.

In the Northwick Park Heart Study high activity of the coagulation factor VII was associated with cardiovascular deaths. We confirm here that men at high risk for such disease have increased levels of factor VII activity and demonstrate for the first time that this is due to a phospholipid-factor VII complex in their plasma. This complex increases the specific activity of its factor VII significantly. It is not inhibited by a neutralizing antiserum to thromboplastin and thus does not represent a factor VII-thromboplastin complex. Gel filtration data suggest an apparent Mr of 66-72 000 for the complex. Factor VII in this phospholipid complex is more sensitive than native factor VII to the serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl-fluorophosphate, consistent with a more accessible active site conformation (and a higher specific activity) for factor VII in the complex. The level of phospholipid-factor VII complex showed a significant positive correlation with plasma triglycerides and correlation of borderline significance with cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The coagulation factor VII in pregnancy.

The hypercoagulable state in pregnancy is partly caused by the increased activity of factor VII in plasma. We demonstrate here that this activity is reduced to levels similar to those in plasma from non-pregnant women by highly purified phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus, i.e. the activity increase is due to a circulating complex of factor VII and a phospholipase C-sensitive compound. Phospholipase C had no effect on the levels of factor II and X in blood from pregnant women. This novel form of activated factor VII is not inhibited by an antiserum to the protein component of thromboplastin (apoprotein III). By gel filtration of plasma from pregnant women on Sephadex G-100 the phospholipase C-sensitive complex was partly separated from non-phospholipase sensitive factor VII also present in the same plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Regulation of thromboplastin synthesis in mouse placental cells in vitro.

Mouse placental cells are probably constitutive producers of the thromboplastin apoprotein in vitro. The effect of cyclic AMP-elevating compounds on their expression of thromboplastin activity has been studied. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724 and the adenyl cyclase stimulator forskolin all decrease the synthesis of thromboplastin. Prostaglandin E2 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor butyl-methyl-xanthine have a biphasic dose dependent effect. A stimulation was observed at low concentrations, whereas higher doses decreased the synthesis of thromboplastin. Adrenaline had no effect. Combination of two compounds, each at maximally inhibiting concentration gave no significant additive inhibitory effect, showing that they probably act via the same pathway.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1983

Synthesis of thromboplastin (factor III) in mouse placental cells in vitro.

Mouse placental cells have been isolated and grown in cultures. These cells produce a procoagulant which is identical to thromboplastin (factor III) by two criteria. The procoagulant activity increases with time, culminating on the 5th day of culture. The increase is inhibited by cycloheximide, alpha-amanitin, and actinomycin D, showing that de novo synthesis of protein and RNA is necessary. About 90-95% of the total cellular thromboplastin activity in whole cells is available for inactivation by particle-bound trypsin and thus present on the cell surface. Endotoxin and phytohaemagglutinin did not further increase the procoagulant activity.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1983

Some social background variables among smoking and non-smoking primiparae.

Of a population of 2,427 Norwegian primiparae, 62.7% were non-smokers, 23.0% smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes a day, and 14.3% smoked 10 or more a day. There was a significant correlation between smoking in pregnancy and age below 20 years, unmarried or previously married status, and poor education (p less than 0.001). Poor housing is of less importance. The mean age of smokers (24.0 years) was significantly lower than that of non-smokers (25.8 years) (p less than 0.001). The overall incidence of smoking in pregnancy was not significantly different from that in the normal population, but pregnant women under 20 smoked significantly more and those older than 24 significantly less, compared with their counterparts in a normal population (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Pelvic inflammatory disease: etiologic studies with emphasis on chlamydial infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the main etiologic agents in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in Oslo. Up to two thirds of the 65 PID cases studied were associated with a chlamydial infection. The incidence of cervical gonorrhea was low (7.7%). Anaerobic bacteria were not isolated from the fallopian tubes or peritoneal fluid of any of the patients. Chlamydia-associated PID is characterized by a protracted course and vague symptoms. The laparoscopic findings indicate more severe inflammatory changes of the tubes than in patients in whom these agents were not found. The highest incidence of chlamydia-associated PID occurred in younger subjects, among whom the intrauterine contraceptive device was more frequently used. Perihepatitis was diagnosed in PID patients with and without chlamydial infection of the genital tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of acute perihepatitis associated with pelvic inflammatory disease.

Of four cases of acute salpingitis and perihepatitis confirmed by laparoscopy Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from the cervix only in two and from both the cervix uteri and the Fallopian tubes in two; the latter finding has not been reported from cases with combined salpingitis and perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome). Since gonococci, other aerobic, or anaerobic bacteria were not isolated from the Fallopian tubes, an aetiological relationship between C trachomatis and the Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is suggested.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Early complications of induced abortion in primigravidae.

Of a total number of 521 patients, 461 (88.5%) returned for a follow-up examination. A gestational length of 10 weeks or less was terminated by vacuum aspiration, 11 weeks or more by prostaglandin administration. Uterine perforation occurred in two patients, in one complicated by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 6 weeks later. Previously, 6.7% had been treated for pelvic infection, and the overall rate of PID after the abortion was 4.1%. The incidence of PID was significantly higher in women of 18 years or younger, than in the older patients. PID was not correlated with gestational length, technique of abortion or methods of contraception after abortion. Patients 18 years and younger were characterized by low age of menarche, high frequency of smokers and low rate of married or cohabit status. The incidence of endometritis was 3.3%, and 4.8% required repeat curettage because of retained products of conception. We observed no correlation between endometritis or repeat curettage and age of the women, length of the pregnancy, technique of abortion or methods of contraception.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1980

Leiomyoblastoma (epithelioid leiomyoma) of the stomach.

Leiomyoblastoma (epithelioid leiomyoma) of the stomach is a rare tumour displaying the same gross characteristics as the leiomyoma, but with a different histological appearance. Most of these tumours are biologically benign, but some show malignant changes. A case of gastric leiomyoblastoma is presented with a brief review of the literature. The clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Delayed reproductive complications after induced abortion.

An investigation was undertaken regarding subsequent pregnancy in 619 women who had their preceding pregnancy terminated by legal abortion, compared with an age- and parity-matched group of 619 women who continued with the pregnancy to delivery. The groups were compared for complications such as first and second trimester abortion, cervical incompetence, pre-term delivery, ectopic pregnancy and sterility. The total complication rate was 24.3 per cent in the abortion group, and 20.2 per cent in the controls. No significant difference was found between the two groups for any of the parameters examined, except for a significantly higher rate of complications amongst women who had not had a previous delivery: 25.5 per cent as opposed to 13.2 per cent in the control group.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

Chylous cyst of the mesentery of the tranverse colon. Report of a case.

Chylous cysts are medical rarities found mainly in the mesentary of the small intestine and the retroperitoneal space. Other localities are extremely rare and difficult to explain. A case of chylous cyst of the mesentery of the transverse colon is presented with brief review of the literature. The etiologic, pathogenetic and clinical features, diagnosis and treatment is discussed.

Adolescent↗