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Biomedical subjects

K Dalaker

Publications and source records attributed to K Dalaker.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Breech presentation--classification and nomenclature].

In Norway the nomenclature used for the various types of breech presentation differs. In this paper the authors describe the common types of breech presentation and the nomenclature used in the Norwegian textbooks in obstetrics. Using different nomenclature can lead to misinterpretation of the different types of breech presentation which could influence the choice method of delivery. The authors propose an unambiguousness Norwegian nomenclature for the most common types of breech presentation.

Breech Presentation↗
PubMed1994

Outcome of pregnancy and childbirth following laryngectomy.

OBJECTS: Pregnancy and delivery in two laryngectomized women. RESULTS: One woman had a pregnancy complicated by hypothyroidism and stenosis of the tracheostoma, she was delivered by cesarean section. The other had an uneventful pregnancy and a spontaneous vaginal delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized handling of the delivery. By modifying the technique of bearing down spontaneous vaginal delivery is possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ectopic pregnancy and chlamydial serology.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of humoral IgG antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in women with tubal pregnancies. METHODS: A study was made of 49 women with tubal pregnancies. The control group consisted of 50 pregnant women without any known fertility problems. RESULTS: Compared with the pregnant group of women, a statistically significant higher prevalence of chlamydial IgG antibody titer > or = 64 was observed among the patients with gross abnormalities in the fallopian tube contralateral to the ectopic gestation (P = 0.002). The differences in geometric mean titer (GMT) were also statistically significant (P = 0.0004) between those two groups. The recall frequency of past pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was increased 5-6-fold in patients with ectopic pregnancy, compared with the intrauterine pregnant women. Twenty-five of 30 patients (83%) with ectopic pregnancy and macroscopic tubal sequelae recalled a history of PID. The prevalence of chlamydial IgG antibody titer > or = 64 among women with a past history of PID was 75.6% (34/45), compared with 44.4% (24/54) among the women without any history of past PID history (P = 0.002). Concerning GMT, the numbers were 27 and 154 among women with and without a past history of PID, respectively (Fig. 2). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that C. trachomatis is a major cause of oviductal damage, which predisposes to ectopic pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Influence of a concentrated ethylester compound of n-3 fatty acids on lipids, platelets and coagulation in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery.

Twenty patients accepted for coronary bypass surgery were randomized to receive either a concentrated ethylester compound of n-3 fatty acids, with a daily dose of 3.15 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1.89 g of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or corn oil (controls) in a double blind study, to evaluate the effect on lipids, platelets and coagulation during the pre- and postoperative phase. Only patients with fasting triglyceride (TG) levels greater than or equal to 1.6 mmol/l at recruitment were eligible. The study was continued for 5 to 6 months. Surgery was usually performed at mid-intervention. Blood samples were collected during morning hours in fasting subjects, just prior to intervention, preoperatively and at final postoperative follow-up. Moreover, blood loss was accurately accounted for postoperatively. A threefold increase (p = 0.0001) of EPA was noted at pre- and postoperative follow-up. TG-levels were reduced 20 and 39%, respectively, in patients on n-3 fatty acids, reaching statistical significance at end of intervention (p = 0.034). TG-levels in controls remained largely unchanged. In patients on n-3 fatty acids, there was a statistically significant increase in serum total cholesterol preoperatively, but this change was no longer present at completion of the study. No significant changes were noted in platelet function, as judged by bleeding time, collagen induced platelet aggregation and release of TxB2 during aggregation. Parameters of extrinsic coagulation, including phospholipase C-sensitive factor VII (PLC-VII) and extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI), also remained essentially unchanged in both groups of patients. However, fibrinogen was significantly reduced in controls (p less than 0.05) at end of intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Early response in septicemia in newborns and their mothers. Effect of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and tumor necrosis factor on lactoferrin release and the generation of tissue thromboplastin.

Using a whole blood in vitro model, we have investigated the effect of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci, GBS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) on the generation of lactoferrin (LF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) and tissue thromboplastin (TPL) in healthy newborns at term and their mothers. E. coli (at a final concentration of 10(7)/ml) significantly increased the release of LF in whole blood from newborns after 20 as well as 60 min stimulation, and in samples from their mothers after 60 min stimulation. A significant increase in the release of LF was observed in both newborns and their mothers after 20 and 60 min stimulation with TNF (at a final concentration of 1000 pg/ml). A combination of TNF/E. coli or TNF/GBS never gave any significant additional stimulatory effect. After stimulation with E. coli or GBS (both at a final concentration of 10(7)/ml) for 60 min a significant increase in production of TNF and TPL was observed in newborns. In newborns a significant increase in production of TNF and TPL was observed also after 20 min stimulation with E. coli. TNF (at a final concentration of 1000 pg/ml) significantly increased the generation of TPL after 20 and 60 min stimulation in both groups. There was a tendency for a greater release of LF and generation of TNF and TPL in samples from newborns compared with their mothers, but the differences were not statistically significant. E. coli, GBS and TNF had no significant effect on the production of IL-1.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of the upper abdomen performed in general practice].

This paper considers the use of ultrasound diagnostics performed by a general practitioner on patients with pain in the upper abdominal region, with particular attention to the liver, gallbladder and aorta. 189 patients were examined, of whom 48 were found to have one or more diseases. 55 specific diagnoses were made. 23 patients had gallstones, and five had aortic aneurysm. Malignant diseases were suspected in five patients. The negative results were evaluated by means of a questionnaire after completion of the period of registration. This questionnaire did not expose any undiagnosed disease in the examined organs. We conclude that ultrasound diagnostics may be performed on this group of patients by interested general practitioners with special training.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Early response in neonatal septicemia. The effect of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and tumor necrosis factor on the generation of lactoferrin.

Using an in vitro model, we report the early effect of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus agalactiea (group B streptococci, GBS) and recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) on the release of lactoferrin (LF) and the generation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) due to E. coli, using heparinized whole blood from healthy full-term newborns. We wanted to find a dose response relationship between lactoferrin generation on the one hand and the amount of E. coli, GBS and TNF on the other hand. In a final concentration of 10(7) per ml both bacteria increased the release of LF significantly. The response to E. coli was immediate and mg/l +/- 0.29 mg/l, E. coli 1.83 mg/l +/- 0.76 mg/l, p less than 0.001). GBS was a less potent stimulant than E. coli and the response was only apparent after 20 minutes (mean +/- S.D.: 1.06 mg/l +/- 0.49 mg/l, p less than 0.01). TNF in a concentration of 10000 pg/ml as well as 1000 pg/ml increased the release of LF significantly (after 20 minutes mean +/- S.D.: 1.09 mg/l +/- 0.42 mg/l and 0.97 mg/l +/- 0.36 mg/l, respectively), whereas a concentration of 100 pg/ml had no effect. Whole blood incubated with different preparations of LF for 20 minutes did not increase the generation of LF significantly. No significant changes in IL-1 levels were observed. Lactoferrin had bacteriostatic but no bactericidal effect on GBS and Streptococcus mutans.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Phospholipase C-sensitive factor VIII activity in normal pregnancy.

We have previously reported the existence of a phospholipase C-sensitive form of factor VII-probably a factor VII-phospholipid complex in normal pregnancy. By bivariate regression analysis, the level of this complex shows highly significant positive correlations with serum triglycerides (r = 0.90, p less than 0.0001) and blood platelet count (r = 0.067, p = 0.0004). This high degree of correlation was verified by stepwise multiple regression analysis. It is presently not known how this factor VII complex formes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

One-stage ultrasound screening in pregnancy. An evaluation.

A one-stage ultrasound screening program was evaluated, using a pregnancy/perinatal database containing information from 2766 pregnancies and deliveries. Among women who did not have a second-trimester ultrasound examination, labor was induced for presumed post-term pregnancy in 4.0% versus 1.6% of pregnancies in the screening group (p = 0.007). In the group with second-trimester ultrasound scanning other than screening, the frequency was 3.2%. Of women with spontaneous labor or who were induced for presumed post-term pregnancy, 3.8% in a screening group and 8.0% in a group with other second-trimester ultrasound examination were post-term according to BPD measurements (p = 0.0003). In the screening group, 6.2% of liveborn singletons were small for gestational age (less than the 10th percentile) compared with 8.5% in the non-screening group (p less than 0.05). A subset of 365 screened women with optimal menstrual history had spontaneous labor or were induced for presumed post-term pregnancy. According to menstrual history and ultrasound examination, 7.4% and 3.8% of these were post-term, respectively (p = 0.04). It is concluded that the main value of screening lies in a more accurate dating of pregnancy, even when menstrual history is optimal, with a lower incidence of induced labor for believed post-term pregnancies. In addition, there may be an improvement in the obstetric management of pregnancy, reflected in our study as a lower incidence of small for gestational age infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of pregnant women performed in general practice].

This paper considers the use by a general practitioner in a remote region of ultrasound diagnostics in obstetrics. In 85 fetuses the term was predicted by measuring the biparietal diameter during the 16-19th week of pregnancy. The frequency of post-term delivery (more than 13 days after term) was reduced from 10 to 1% compared with dating by the last menstrual period. By routine ultrasound measurements during the 30-33rd week of pregnancy two fetuses were found to be growthretarded. In addition, suspicion of obstetric pathology during the last weeks of pregnancy, was confirmed by means of ultrasound in nine of 23 cases, and excluded in the others. The conclusion is that ultrasound diagnostics may be performed by interested general practitioners with special training.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1989

Addison's disease and pregnancy.

Five case reports are presented illustrating that pregnancy and Addison's disease are not incompatible, provided adequate substitution therapy is given.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1988

Studies on coagulation, fibrinolysis, kallikrein-kinin and complement activation in systemic and pulmonary circulation during hip arthroplasty with acrylic cement.

This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of the plasma cascade systems to the cardiopulmonary complications, occasionally leading to sudden death during hip arthroplasty using acrylic cement. The intraoperative pattern following uneventful surgery was therefore investigated in 8 patients with osteoarthrosis with frequent sampling from the radial and pulmonary arteries. The following general findings emerged: A gradual consumption of coagulation factors (platelets, fibrinogen, factor VII, antithrombin III), fibrinolytic components (plasminogen, alpha-2-antiplasmin), kallikrein-kinin factors (prekallikrein, kallikrein inhibitor) and complement factors (C3c, C4) was observed. Some intrapulmonary proteolytic inhibition was noticed as evidenced by lower arterial than mixed venous blood levels of alpha-2-antiplasmin and kallikrein inhibitor. Insignificant changes occurred for factor VII-phospholipid complex. A rapid, massive and transient increase in fibrinopeptide A (FPA) values in the radial artery, as opposed to the moderate increase in the pulmonary artery, was found immediately after reaming and broaching of bone. This probably reflected intrapulmonary fibrinogen to fibrin conversion, reaching a maximum 15-20 minutes before the femoral implantation. As estimated from the FPA arterial peak values and the fall in fibrinogen concentrations, approximately 5-10% of the circulating fibrinogen molecules were devoided of FPA during this intraoperative phase. The marked a-v difference in FPA level supports earlier findings of intrapulmonary fibrin formation and deposition. This process, however preceded the critical period of cardiorespiratory collapse (CRC) by at least 15 minutes, and may thus predispose to this complication.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1987

A simple method for determination of the factor VII-phospholipid complex using Normotest.

We report here a highly significant positive correlation observed when the factor VII-phospholipid complex (the phospholipase-C sensitive component of factor VII) in plasma was tested in a specific factor VII system and in Normotest (p less than 0.0001). The Normotest system, which is sensitive to variations in coagulation activity within the normal range, was not influenced by phospholipase C when the enzyme was added immediately before the start of the coagulation assay. Normotest is well suited for determination of the factor VII-phospholipid complex in plasma.

Animals↗