[Alcohol and skiing].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Biener.
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Different studies in North-Switzerland showed that 9% of young boys and 3% of young girls tried to smoke cigarettes the first time with or before six years of age. Boys in the age of 17 to 21 from rural districts smoked cigarettes in 23%, girls in the equal age from rural regions in 14%. 17% of the non-smokers and only 2% of the smokers did not drink any alcohol. In Berne, 23% of the cigarette smokers and only 3% of non-smokers had ever taken drugs (marihuana, LSD) in their life.
In several studies we examined the influence of a short-term (over two hours), medium-term (over one year) and long-term (over three year) health education program in young people in Switzerland. We found, that long-term intervention showed better results, such as in changing the smoking behavior than short-term programs.
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To obtain normative data on the health of men aged 20 to 65 years working in the industry of northern Switzerland, a representative study was conducted in 1260 men from 44 plants. The average pulse rate was 75/min and there was no age-related differences. The average blood pressure was 125/73 mm Hg in the 20-25 age group and 148/84 mmHg at age 60-65. An ergometric test (2 watt/kg/6 min) showed that forced vital capacity decreases significantly from 5561 +/- 782 ml in subjects aged 20-24 to 3809 +/- 757 ml in those aged 60-65. Cholesterol levels were 198 +/- 50 mg% (age 20-24), 240 +/- 42 mg% (age 50-54) and 235 +/- 47 mg% (age 60-65). Urine tests showed albumin in 15% and glucose in 4% of samples.
To obtain representative data about the health of industrial workers in nothern Switzerland, 1260 men from 44 plants have been examined. At the time of our study, 21% were under treatemnt by a doctor and 52% had so been 1-3 times during the previous year. 44% hat at some time in the past been patients in a surgical department, 13% in a department for internal medicine and 29% in a department for special diseases. During the previous year 39% reported loss of working days through illness. In 13%, working days had been lost through accidents. 48% were smokers, 38% had never smoked, and 14% had stopped smoking. Alcohol was consumed daily by 37%, three times a week by 30% and once a week by 18%; 11% drank rarely and 4% never, 16% took medicines often, 40% rarely and 44% never. The results of the study are classified by 5-year-age groups and compared.
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