[Health problems as well as stimulant and drug consumption of prisoners. Studies on 258 prisoners in eastern Switzerland].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Biener.
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Out of 200 housewives, 22% were under medical treatment at the time of our interview. Only 11% were smokers. 43% occasionaly took medications against pain, e.g. headache.
We interviewed 258 prisoners in Nordern-Switzerland. At that time, 55% suffered from a chronic or an acute illness. 32% smoked 20 and 37% more than 20 cigarettes a day. 46% had consumed drugs in the past (marihuana, LSD, heroin).
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An enquiry was conducted into the stress problems of 118 independent businessmen in Switzerland aged between 24 and 67 years. 19% were receiving medical treatment compared with 21% of 1260 representatively registered employed men from 44 random samples from factories in North Switzerland. About one third of the treatment diagnoses were due to stress conditions. 45% of those registered were smokers, 14% of them pipe smokers. 57% were overweight. 91% took exercise, 19% of them for up to 10 hours weekly. 2% described the general feeling of stress as very strong, 29% as strong, 36% as medium and 31% as weak and 11% none at all. Only 4% admitted very severe or severe family stress, 16% medium, 23% slight and 57% none, but 21% complained of very great or great business stress, 34% medium, 33% slight and only 11% none.
A study has been conducted to obtain representative data on the health of industrial workers in northern Switzerland. 1260 men from 44 plants were covered. At the time of the study 21.3% were under treatment by a doctor. From all these patients 14.4% were suffering from heart diseases, 12.6% from articular rheumatism and muscle diseases, 10.3% from neurological and 9% from dermatological diseases. Of subjects aged 43--65, 1.7 times more were under treatment by a doctor than subjects aged 20--42.
The stress problems of 227 Swiss journalists with a mean age of 43 years (189 men) and 39 years (38 women) were recorded by means of questionnaires (76% returns). About 90% of all those questioned admitted suffering from stress at the present time. However 88% of the juniors and 96% of the seniors enjoy their work. 20% of all those questioned were anxious about their livelihood. 97% of the total live under pressure of deadlines, only one in 3 has regular working hours. Half the younger and two fifths of the older men admitted some form of family stress, usually in connection with their occupation. 76% of the younger and 70% of the older journalists questioned have a hobby. 70% of the juniors occasionally take exercise, as do 48% of the seniors. About 50% of both the men and women are smokers. The general state of health is stated to be good by 80% of younger and 70% of older subjects. A comparison of the results according to occupational stress, work stress, deadline stress, stress of livelihood, stress of recognition, family stress and stress to health shows that only a very differentiated manner of consideration is permissible.
During the winter of 1974/75, 528 skiing accidents in the Davos area were investigated in connection the weather influences. It was found that during high pressure conditions the accident rate increased and was very low under low pressure conditions. This result is explained by high pressure conditions often inducing the skier to more daring modes of skiing. Consequently the fine weather influences the accident risk to skiers through mental stimulation. The low accident rate in low pressure conditions can be explained insofar as in bad weather only advanced skier dare to go on the ski-run and the danger-prone beginners stay at home. In addition most skiers are conscious of the risk in unpleasant weather and ski correspondingly carefully. The accident rate decreased from the beginning to the end of the 1974/75 season.
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