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Biomedical subjects

K Bell

Publications and source records attributed to K Bell.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Functional method for assessing oral perceptual skills in children.

An alternative method for assessing oral perceptual skills was developed to address some of the practical limitations of the standard form test. The alternate forms and standard NIH Oral Stereognostic Forms were administered to 182 children. Scores resulting from presentation of standard NIH forms and alternate edibles correlated .76. Suggestions for using the alternate forms for routine oral stereognostic testing are presented.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Relationships of oral stereognostic ability to age and sex of children.

A battery of items testing oral stereognostic ability was individually presented to 168 children, 12 boys and 12 girls at each of seven age levels from 4-5 to 11-4. Age was significantly related to oral stereognostic scores; older subjects scored significantly higher than younger subjects. Sex was also significant; girls scored higher than boys. The interaction of age and sex was not significant.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Characterisation of the alpha 1-protease inhibitor system in Thoroughbred horse plasma by horizontal two-dimensional (ISO-DALT) electrophoresis. 1. Protein staining.

The isoelectric points and the molecular weights of the major components of the eight Thoroughbred protease inhibitor (Pi) types have been determined by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel pore gradient (ISO-DALT) electrophoresis respectively. The major Pi proteins focus in the range pH 3.74-4.43 and have molecular weights ranging from 55 000-72 000 daltons. Using the ISO-DALT method of electrophoresis, protein maps for the eight Thoroughbred Pi types have been presented for the first time. None of the homozygous Pi types are identical except for the types S1 and S2 which show partial identity. The results do not necessarily support Juneja et al.'s (1979) contention of two closely linked alpha 1 Pi systems based on molecular weight differences. It is suggested that the traditional nomenclature originally proposed by Braend (1970) be maintained to describe the eight Pi alleles in Thoroughbred horse plasma. The ISO-DALT method provides a sensitive technique which is superior to existing techniques for the analysis of the horse Pi system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Characterisation of the alpha 1-protease inhibitor system in Thoroughbred horse plasma by horizontal two-dimensional (ISO-DALT) electrophoresis. 2. Protease inhibition.

The protease inhibitory spectra of the eight homozygous Thoroughbred Pi types against trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin have been determined. The alpha 1-protease inhibitor proteins exhibit three classes of inhibitory specificity towards these enzymes. The Pi types F, I, N and U exhibit class I (trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin) and class II (trypsin and elastase) types of inhibition and fit Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification of two separate genetic systems Pi 1 and Pi 2 based on differences in the inhibitory spectra against trypsin and chymotrypsin. The remaining four Pi types are exceptions to Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification. Types G, L, S1 and S2 possess class I but not class II proteins. A third class of proteins (class III) which exclusively inhibit chymotrypsin was detected in all eight protease inhibitor types. Type G is well represented by class III proteins because two of the three major proteins of the ISO-DALT pattern inhibit only chymotrypsin and is thus an exception to Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Transfusion reactions in cats due to AB blood group incompatibility.

Blood transfusion reactions were investigated in 70 unsensitised and sensitised cats. Twenty-five compatible transfusions with respect to the AB blood group system did not result in any immediate transfusion reactions. Transfusion of B erythrocytes in 12 group A cats did not produce any severe reactions because of low anti-B titres in the A recipients. However, 30 of 50 group B cats (60 per cent) suffered severe shock reactions, characterised by marked hypotension, cessation of respiration and sometimes atrio-ventricular blocks, within two minutes of the injection of incompatible A cells (phase 1). From 35 seconds to five minutes later, markedly elevated blood pressures and extrasystoles were recorded (phase 2). The blood pressures generally stabilised within 30 minutes. Haemoconcentration and leucopenia were observed in severely reacting cats and leucopenia was also recorded in some A cats who received incompatible cells but did not exhibit transfusion reactions.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

Blood transfusion reactions in the cat.

The transfusion of only 4 ml of group A blood resulted in sudden death of a cat that was recovering from surgery. The clinical signs were similar in many respects to those exhibited by tranquilized group B cats when challenge exposed for the 1st time with incompatible A cells. The distribution of the A and B blood group antigens and the occurrence of naturally occurring isoantibodies in the cat were considered in relation to the probability of producing transfusion reactions. The results obtained with tranquilized and anesthetized cats demonstrated that immediate reactions can occur following the 1st transfusion of incompatible red blood cells. Cross matching with respect to the AB system is recommended before giving blood transfusions to cats.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Porcine beta-lactoglobulin A and C. Occurrence, isolation and chemical properties.

The occurrence of the dominant 'whey' protein in samples of milk from 1180 sows is examined. It exhibits genetic polymorphism with some unusual features. Although immunologically different from bovine beta-lactoglobulin, it is shown by chemical studies of the isolated protein to be a beta-lactoglobulin. Two homozygous genetic variants, designated porcine beta-lactoglobulin A and C, are isolated and their amino acid compositions and peptide maps compared. It is shown that the C variant has +1 His, -1 Gln, and +1 Asp, -1 Glu, with respect to the A variant. These variants, containing ca. 162 residues per molecule, are considered in relationship to porcine beta-lactoglobulins isolated by other workers. The sequence of the first 50 residues is determined and compared with the sequence of the bovine protein. The sequences of ca. 70% of the remaining residues is proposed on the basis of the composition of tryptic peptides and assumed homology.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Porcine alpha-lactalbumin A and B.

The occurrence of the 'whey' protein, alpha-lactalbumin, in pig (Sus scrofus) milk samples from 904 sows is examined. A semi-discontinuous buffer system has been developed to detect the existence of genetic polymorphism. There are two homozygous variants, designated A and B. Both variants are isolated and it is shown by peptide and sequencing studies that the A variant differs from the B variant by having an Arg residue substituted for the Lys residue at the N-terminus of the molecule. The sequence of the first thirty residues is determined and compared with those of related alpha-lactalbumins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Bovine alpha-lactalbumin C and alpha S1-, beta- and kappa-caseins of Bali (Banteng) cattle, bos (Bibos) javanicus.

An electrophoretic examination is made of mild samples taken from eight Bali (banteng) cattle, Bos (bibos) javanicus, at Beatrice Hills, Northern territory, Australia. Starch-gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 (NaOH-H3BO3 buffer) and filter-paper electrophoresis at pH 8.6 (diethylbarbiturate buffer) indicate that all samples contain a new alpha-lactalbumin variant, designated alpha-lactalbumin C. The order of mobility for bovine variants is / greater than B greater than C. The C variant differs from the common B variant in having one more amide residue (substitution or Gln for Glu). Examination of milk samples by urea-starch-gel electrophoresis at alkaline pH indicates that there is a new alpha S1-casein variant, designated alpha S1-casein EBali, present in some samples. No new kappa-casein variant is detected by this method (all samples typing as kappa-casein B). A new variant of beta-casein, designated A4, is detected by urea-starch-gel electrophoresis at low pH. The variants of milk proteins observed in this paper and in Bell et al. (1981) are discussed in relation to those of other members of the Bovinae, especially the yak, bos (Poephagus) grunniens.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Phosphohexose isomerase polymorphism in the domestic cat.

Genetic variation of the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) has been found in the erythrocytes of Australian domestic cats by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis at pH 8.2. Three complex patterns of isoenzymes, designated F, FS and S, were obtained migrating anodally. Limited family studies and the distribution of the three main phenotypes indicated that the polymorphism in controlled by two codominant autosomal alleles, PHIF and PHIS. Gene frequencies for PHIF and PHIS have been calculated as 0.036 and 0.964 respectively. Three additional variant forms have also been observed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1981

The AB blood group system of cats.

Holmes (1950) and Eyquem, Podliachouk & Milot (1962) classified feline erythrocytes into two types according to their reactions with naturally occurring antibodies in cats' plasmas. Eyquem et al. (1962) designated the two antigens, A and B, and this nomenclature has been retained in the present study. The blood group system, AB, was investigated in more detail, both genetically and serologically. Frequencies of 73.3% A and 26.3% B were found in a survey of 1895 Brisbane cats and in addition, a new phenotype, AB, was discovered with a low incidence of 0.4%. The results of the serological testing and limited family information suggested that the AB phenotype is inherited and not due to blood chimaerism. Preliminary genetic studies indicated that the A gene is dominant to the B in the usual situation and hypotheses to explain the occurrence of the AB phenotype are discussed. The incidence of naturally occurring antibodies was investigated in cats, with 95% of blood type B having anti-A and only 35% of type A having anti-B. No subgroups of the A and B antigens were detected and no blood group substances were found in the salivas of 37 cats. There was no evidence of any serological relationship of the feline A and B antigens with the human ABO antigens.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1980

Comparative studies of alpha-lactalbumin and lysozyme: the proteins of kangaroo (Megaleia rufa and Macropus giganteus) and horse (Equus caballus).

As part of a study of the 'whey' proteins of various mammals, a comparison is made of the alpha-lactalbumins and lysozymes of the kangaroo and horse. In the milk of the red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa) there is only one alpha-lactalbumin and it occurs throughout lactation, but no lysozyme has been detected. There are two alpha-lactalbumins in the milk of the grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), one, designated alpha-lactalbumin Zone B, is present throughout lactation; the second, designated alpha-lactalbumin Zone A, is present only in late lactation. One lysozyme is also present. The milk of the horse (Equus caballus) contains one alpha-lactalbumin and at least one lysozyme. Partial amino acid sequences are proposed from sequence determination and from analyses of tryptic peptides compared with the known sequences of other alpha-lactalbumins and lysozymes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Protease inhibitor system in horses: classification and detection of a new allele.

A method of horizontal thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at acid pH has been developed for the separation of the prealbumins in equine plasma. Using this method, it has been possible to split the S allele into two, S1 and S2, bringing the total number of prealbumin alleles in Thoroughbred horses to eight. The gene frequencies of these eight alleles in Australian Thoroughbreds are presented. All eight prealbumin types exhibit antiprotease activity and therefore, it is suggested that the name prealbumin (Pr) should be abandoned in favour of protease inhibitor (Pi) although at this stage it is not known whether this incorporates the Pi1 and Pi2 described by Junega et al. (1979).

Alleles↗
PubMed1978

Glutathione levels in the red blood cells of cattle.

1. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in the red blood cells of 259 cattle of two diverse populations consisting of various breeds. 2. There was a uniform distribution of GSH values ranging from 40.0 to 113.0 mg/100 ml red cells with a mean value of 72.0 mg +/- 1.26 (S.E.). 3. An absence of bimodal distribution was, thus, shown in the cattle breeds examined.

Animals↗