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Biomedical subjects

K Baba

Publications and source records attributed to K Baba.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Protection of mumps in children with various underlying diseases: application of a live attenuated mumps and trivalent measles-rubella-mumps (MRM) vaccines in these children.

A live attenuated mumps and trivalent measles-rubella-mumps (MRM) vaccines have been applied to 887 and 148 children with various underlying diseases at the vaccine clinic of Osaka University Hospital between 1975 and 1985, respectively. Clinical reactions after mumps vaccination occurred in only 7 children (0.8%) and those after MRM vaccination in 28 children (19%), but their underlying diseases were not deteriorated by either vaccination. Clinical follow up study revealed that 2 of the 430 children immunized with mumps vaccine had contracted the disease during 7 year period and 2 of the 123 children immunized with MRM vaccine had contracted clinical mumps or rubella during 3 year period. The seroconversion rates after mumps vaccination were 70% and 61% by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and neutralization (NT) test, respectively, while 94% by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test. Those after MRM vaccination were 87% for measles, 96% for rubella by the HI test and 89% for mumps by the FAMA test. Serological follow up study revealed that antibodies elicited by mumps vaccination were sustained without substantial decline for at least 7 years. These results suggest that a live attenuated mumps and MRM vaccines are safe and effective in children with various underlying diseases.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

[Efficacy evaluation of aztreonam for suppurative otitis media].

Preclinical and clinical studies were performed to evaluate usefulness and safety of aztreonam (AZT) in the treatment of acute otitis media, acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media and chronic otitis media and the following results were obtained. MICs for P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and P. inconstans isolated from the patients with suppurative otitis media were 1.56 micrograms/ml, less than or equal to 0.025 micrograms/ml and less than or equal to 0.025 micrograms/ml respectively in their peaks. In the intravenous injection of 1 g, AZT concentration in the mastoid cell mucosa was 7.52 micrograms/g on average and serum concentration 51.6 micrograms/ml sufficiently suggesting clinical efficacy of AZT. In the clinical trial by administering AZT 1-2 g/day for the patients with suppurative otitis media, effective rates were 2/3 (66.7%) for acute otitis media, 16/22 (72.7%) for acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media, 21/34 (61.8%) for chronic otitis media and 6/7 (85.7%) for cholesteatoma of the middle ear. Elimination rate of single Gram-negative pathogens was 82.1% in the bacteriological studies of AZT. As for abnormal laboratory findings, 7 cases showed GOT, GPT elevations. However, they were in minor degree and transient. Side effect was not noted except 1 case of flushing with itching. It was considered from the above results that AZT is a highly useful antibiotic for suppurative otitis media.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Aminations of guanosine and deoxyguanosine with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenoxyamine. Dependence on the reaction medium.

Amination of guanosine (Guo) with 2,4-dinitrophenoxyamine in aqueous DMF gave 7-amino-Guo, which was readily converted to 8,5'-O-cyclo-Guo, and 8-hydroxy-Guo. Deoxyguanosine (dG) gave only deglycosylated 7-amino-G under the same reaction condition. Aminations of Guo and dG with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid above pH 9 gave the corresponding 1-amino derivatives, whereas those in acidic media at pH 2-4 gave 8-amino-Guo and 7-amino-G as the main products, respectively. Amination of Guo in neutral media gave 1-amino-Guo and decomposed products of 7-amino-Guo. The mechanisms of these amination reactions are described.

Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed1986

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibody in children vaccinated with Japanese encephalitis vaccine.

Serum antibodies in children who had been vaccinated with Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralization (N) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests. Of 20 serum samples obtained after two shots of JE vaccine in the first year, all but one showed positive titers in the ELISA and N test, but five showed negative titers in the HI test. All 12 serum samples obtained after booster immunization with JE vaccine in the second year showed positive and considerably higher titers in all three tests. Moreover, a high correlation was found between the ELISA, N and HI titers. These results indicate that the ELISA is useful for detecting antibodies in subjects immunized with JE vaccine.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Small and large forms of hepatitis B e antigen in the serum: determination by two-site sandwich radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies.

Serum samples containing hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were subjected to electrophoresis in agarose, and fast-migrating 'small' HBeAg and slow-migrating 'large' IgG-associated HBeAg were pooled separately. HBeAg of each category was determined by a two-site radioimmunoassay that sandwiched HBeAg between monoclonal antibody (anti-HBe) against one epitope of HBeAg, fixed on a solid support, and anti-HBe against another epitope, labelled with radioiodine. Eighteen sera in which small HBeAg dominated revealed activities of hepatitis B surface antigen-associated DNA polymerase significantly higher than 14 sera in which large HBeAg dominated (logarithm of ct/min, mean +/- s.e. 3.36 +/- 0.08 versus 2.14 +/- 0.11, P less than 0.01). Shift from small HBeAg to large HBeAg was observed, along with the disappearance of DNA polymerase, in the serum from two carriers who seroconverted to anti-HBe.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

[Statistical studies on metastasis of breast cancer and cancer metastasis to the breast].

Metastasis of breast cancer is examined by the database of the Annuals of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan from 1981 to 1983. Breast cancer metastases to the lungs (70.3%), liver (58.4%), bone marrow (53.1%), pleura (29.0%), adrenals (27.9%), skin-subcutaneous tissue (19.7%), brain (14.3%) are frequent in decreasing order. Bone marrow, adrenals, ovaries (11.5%) and thyroid gland (11.1%) are more likely invaded by breast cancer than others. After menopause, the metastases become less frequent than before, especially after 65 years. Breast cancer is one of the highly widespread metastatic cancers, such as malignant melanoma, neuroblastoma, leukemia and malignant lymphoma. On the contrary, cancers metastatic to the breasts are rare (less than 1%). There is no special cancer metastatic to the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of the formation of 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid from arachidonic acid in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by various coumarins.

The effects of various coumarins (i.e. esculetin, daphnetin and fraxetin) on the formation of the 5-lipoxygenase product, 5-HETE, and the cyclooxygenase product, HHT, were studied. Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) was found to inhibit the formation of 5-HETE more strongly than HHT; its concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) were 1.46 +/- 1.02 microM for the formation 5-HETE and 57.3 +/- 17.3 microM for the formation of HHT. Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin) and fraxetin (6-methoxy-7,8-dihydroxycoumarin) also inhibited the formation of the 5-lipoxygenase product, 5-HETE, and the cyclooxygenase product, HHT; their IC50 values were, respectively, 6.90 +/- 2.07 microM and 2.57 +/- 0.088 microM for the formation of 5-HETE and 139.0 +/- 30.0 microM and 532.5 +/- 33.0 microM for the formation of HHT. The monohydroxy coumarin derivatives umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) and scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) and the coumarin glucosides fraxin (6-methoxy-7,8-dihydroxycoumarin 8-O-D-glucoside) and esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin 6-O-D-glucoside) also inhibited the formation of 5-HETE, though less strongly. 4-Hydroxycoumarin and coumarin had no effect on either 5-lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase at concentrations of up to 1 mM. Esculetin inhibited the formation of 5-HETE noncompetitively. In contrast, the dimethoxycoumarin fraxidin (6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) inhibited the formation of HHT more strongly than the formation of 5-HETE at a concentration of 1 mM.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Some properties of calcium-induced contraction in the isolated human and guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle.

We studied the effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and aspirin, the leukotriene antagonist, FPL 55712 and the Ca antagonist, verapamil on basal tone and Ca-induced contractions in the human and guinea-pig tracheal muscle. Indomethacin and aspirin usually increased spontaneous tone or Ca-induced contractions in human strips, while consistently decreased tension development in the guinea-pig muscle. FPL 55712 strongly reduced contractions in the human, whereas it had a very weak effect on the guinea-pig muscle. Verapamil had a small inhibitory effect in the human trachea, either at 5.9 or 40 mM K, but markedly suppressed Ca-induced contractions of guinea-pig trachea in 40 mM K and had little effect on contractions in 5.9 mM K in this tissue. It is concluded that active tone in the two different tracheal muscles were controlled by different processes; that different arachidonate by-products may exert an effect on basal tone in the two different muscles; and that different plasma membrane Ca channels may be operative under basal conditions in the different muscles.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Effects of high K on relaxation produced by drugs in the guinea-pig tracheal muscle.

In the guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle, effects of various relaxants were compared in normal (5.9 mM) and excess (40 mM) K media. The relaxing effect of calcium-channel blockers, nifedipine and verapamil (group I) was potentiated by increasing the external K concentration. The effect of the drugs which are supposed to increase intracellular cyclic AMP, such as isoprenaline, forskolin, isobutylmethylxanthine, theophylline, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (group II) was moderately reduced by excess K. Nitroprusside, 8-bromo-cyclic GMP and sodium nitrite (group III) are generally considered to increase intracellular cyclic GMP and their effect was markedly reduced by excess K. When the tension development was made the same at 5.9 mM K and 40 mM K by adjusting the Ca concentration, the relaxing effect was similar and independent of the K concentration both for group II and group III drugs. It seems that the group II drugs can better overcome a large influx of Ca than group III drugs.

Animals↗