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Biomedical subjects

K Baba

Publications and source records attributed to K Baba.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the determination of IgM and IgG antibodies against translation products of pre-S1 and pre-S2 regions of hepatitis B virus.

The envelope of hepatitis B virus is coded for by pre-S1, pre-S2 regions and the S gene. A method was developed to determine antibody to the product of pre-S1 region (anti-pre-S1) and antibody to the product of pre-S2 region (anti-pre-S2), either of IgM or IgG class, by a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. For the determination of anti-pre-S1, tubular particles containing translation products of pre-S1, pre-S2 regions and the S gene were broken into constituent envelope polypeptides and immobilized on a solid support. Serums were absorbed with spherical particles containing translation products of pre-S2 region and the S gene, obtained from plasma positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and deprived of particles carrying pre-S1 product by an affinity column. They were then tested for the binding with tubular polypeptides fixed on a solid support, and the bound antibody representing anti-pre-S1 was detected by monoclonal antibody to human IgM/mu or IgG/gamma labeled with horseradish peroxidase. For the determination of anti-pre-S2, test serums were absorbed with spherical particles containing the product of the S gene, obtained from plasma positive for antibody to HBeAg and deprived of particles bearing pre-S2 product by an affinity column. They were then tested for the binding with polypeptides, fixed on a solid support, composed of products of pre-S2 region and the S gene. The assay was applied to the determination of anti-pre-S1 and anti-pre-S2 of IgM or IgG class in asymptomatic carriers and in persons who had recovered from infection with hepatitis B virus.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

[A study of utilization review in hospitals--focusing on medical statistics].

It is a matter of course that health care is an important issue closely related to the daily life of residents. In this situation, university hospitals, although their main aim is research and education, also play a significant role as core hospitals in various regions of the community. By reviewing hospital utilization, extended to facilities in a given area, we first analyzed the medical service area and the length of stay in the hospital affiliated to the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, on the basis of discharge various directions of facility planning based on future bed using control, including addition of beds, and also attempted to evaluate the actual state of annual facility management with the aid of computer.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1986

Choriocarcinoma in mother and fetus.

Choriocarcinoma in mother and child is extremely rare and review of the literature revealed only six reported cases. We are presenting the seventh such case. Autopsy of the fetus of 39 weeks' gestation revealed metastatic choriocarcinoma. Workup of the mother showed an occult choriocarcinoma in the uterus. Aggressive chemotherapy was initiated promptly and remission was achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Trial of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in children with underlying diseases.

Two shots of inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine were given to children, 139 with underlying diseases and 42 healthy, and their antibody responses were studied by the neutralization test. Before vaccination, most of the vaccinees did not have antibody against JE virus. One month after the second vaccination, they were all seroconverted and showed considerably high neutralizing titres. One healthy child developed fever on the day of vaccination without any severe symptoms afterwards, and no side reactions were observed in the handicapped children. These results suggest that the current JE vaccine is safe and can induce a strong immune response even in handicapped children.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Increased incidence of herpes zoster in normal children infected with varicella zoster virus during infancy: community-based follow-up study.

We surveyed outbreaks of varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes zoster virus, involving 31 outbreaks of chicken pox, in a semiclosed institution in Osaka Japan during the 34 years between 1949 and 1984. Eight hundred forty-nine infants and children who had had clinical varicella during the first 4 years of life and those who had resided in the institution at least 12 to 144 months after the onset of varicella were included in the study. Nine cases of zoster were observed among children who had acquired varicella during the first year of life, but there was no case of zoster in those who had acquired varicella after 1 year of age. In 61,800 person-months of observation, the overall incidence rate of zoster was calculated as 0.15 per 1000 person-months for the population at risk. The incidence rate in children infected with VZV when younger than 2 months was 1.0 per 1000 person-months during the first decade of life. This rate was significantly (P less than 0.005) greater than that (0.19 per 1000 person-months) in children who had varicella when they were 2 to 11 months of age. These observations suggest that zoster occurs at a significantly shorter interval if VZV infection is acquired during infancy. More than 85% of subjects with prior infection were intimately reexposed to epidemic varicella during their residency in the institution, before having zoster. Epidemic reexposure to varicella during follow-up resulted in enhancement of preexisting immunologic reactivity, but did not prevent subsequent zoster in the population studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of verapamil on the response of the guinea-pig tracheal muscle to carbachol.

The effects of verapamil on the contraction of the guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle induced by calcium (Ca2+) or barium (Ba2+) were investigated in three different conditions: (a) in excess K solution, (b) in the presence of carbachol, and (c) in excess K solution containing carbachol. In order to clarify the contractions, the effects of removal and readdition of the divalent cations were also investigated. In Ca2+-loaded tissues, application of carbachol in Ca-free medium produced a transient contraction, the magnitude of which decreased the longer the duration of exposure to Ca2+-free solution. In Ca2+-depleted, Ba2+-loaded tissues, application of carbachol in a Ba2+- and Ca2+-free medium produced a transient contraction the magnitude of which decreased the longer the duration of exposure to the Ba2+- and Ca2+-free solution. After exposure to Ca2+-free solution for 40 min, the sensitivity of the tissue to Ca2+ was greater in the presence of 30 microM carbachol (ED50 = 0.06 mM) than in the presence of 40 mM K+ (ED50 = 0.3 mM). The Ca2+-sensitivity in the presence of 30 microM carbachol plus K+ (40 mM) was not different from that in the presence of 30 microM carbachol alone. In Ca2+-free solution, the sensitivity of the tissue to Ba2+ in the presence of 40 mM K+ (ED50 = 1.4 mM) was not different from that observed in the presence of 30 microM carbachol (ED50 = 1.3 mM). 6 After exposure to Ca2+-free solution, verapamil produced a parallel rightward shift in the concentration-response curves to added Ca2+ and Ba2+ in the presence of either 40 mM K+, 30 microM carbachol or 40mM K+ plus 30 microM carbachol. 7 The pA2 values of verapamil against Ca2+ responses in the presence of 40 mM K+, 30 microM carbachol and 40 mM K+ plus 30 microM carbachol were 7.0, 6.5 and 6.5, respectively. The pA2 values of verapamil against Ba2+ responses under these conditions were 7.1, 7.0 and 7.1, respectively. 8 It is concluded that the sustained contraction produced by carbachol requires the influx of Ca2+ and that Ba2+ can substitute for Ca2+ in this process. Furthermore, the ionic channels which admit Ca2+ may be modified by carbachol to different degrees depending on the presence of Ca2+ or Ba2+. Such changes alter the affinity of the channel to verapamil.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mechanisms by which nephrectomy stimulates adrenal renin.

Renin has been identified in the adrenal gland by several investigators. Nephrectomy is the most potent stimulator of adrenal renin, and in the present study we investigated the mechanism by which nephrectomy stimulates adrenal renin. The pituitary plays a permissive role since hypophysectomy abolished the response of adrenal renin to nephrectomy (from 117.3 +/- 14.55 to 10.37 +/- 1.63 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment restored the response to nephrectomy in hypophysectomized rats to 120 +/- 20.62 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr. However, large doses of ACTH given to intact rats did not increase adrenal renin to the high level observed after nephrectomy. Potassium also plays an important role, since prevention of hyperkalemia after nephrectomy by treatment with a cation exchange resin, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), significantly reduced the adrenal renin response to nephrectomy. A third factor involved is the lack of negative feedback by plasma angiotensin II. Infusion of angiotensin II intraperitoneally prevented the rise in adrenal renin after nephrectomy (from 65.25 +/- 7.60 to 9.27 +/- 0.99 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr) despite an increase in plasma potassium and corticosterone. In conclusion, three factors influence the response of adrenal renin to nephrectomy: 1) the pituitary through the release of ACTH, 2) a direct stimulation by high plasma potassium levels, 3) the lack of angiotensin II feedback inhibition. Whether the high adrenal renin contributes to the high aldosterone observed in rats after nephrectomy remains to be established.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1986

Suppression of adrenal renin in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

We previously showed that adrenal renin is highest in the rat zona glomerulosa (ZG) and that low sodium or high potassium and nephrectomy increase adrenal ZG renin and aldosterone. Dahl salt-sensitive rats (S) have been shown to have lower plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone and higher plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone than Dahl salt-resistant rats (R). In this study we assess the possible role of adrenal ZG renin in the suppression of aldosterone in S rats. Adrenal ZG renin was significantly decreased in S as compared with R rats even at 6 weeks of age, when both S and R rats are still normotensive (S = 7.2 +/- 0.2, R = 18.0 +/- 1.6 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr). Adrenal ZG aldosterone was also significantly lower in S than in R rats (S = 21.1 +/- 4.3, R = 39.5 +/- 3.6 ng/mg protein). Furthermore, the rise in adrenal ZG renin and aldosterone after nephrectomy in S rats was significantly less than that in R rats. To determine if the suppressed adrenal ZG renin of S rats is due to volume expansion, we studied the effect of a sodium-deficient diet on adrenal ZG renin in S and R rats. After 2 weeks of a sodium-deficient diet S rats had significantly lower basal adrenal ZG renin than did R rats (S = 7.6 +/- 0.4, R = 21.7 +/- 1.9 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr) and a marked blunting of the adrenal ZG renin response to nephrectomy (S = 13.6 +/- 1.1, DR = 167 +/- 16.1 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone↗
PubMed1986

Pharmaceutical evaluation of hollow type suppositories. IV. Improvement of bioavailability of propranolol in rabbits after rectal administration.

Three kinds of suppositories were constructed with oleaginous base material (Witepsol H-15): a conventional type suppository containing propranolol (PPL) hydrochloride mixed with a base material (I), a hollow type suppository containing PPL in a form of aqueous solution (PPL was dissolved in isotonic NaCl solution) in its cavity (II), a hollow type suppository containing PPL as powder (hydrochloride salt) in its cavity (III). Bioavailability was estimated after rectal administration of each suppository in rabbits and compared with oral administration. The peak plasma PPL concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were lower with I than with II or III. The Cmax and the AUC measured after rectal administration of III were significantly higher than those in the case of oral administration. By using III, the highest values of the mean Cmax (795 +/- 160 ng/ml) and of the mean AUC (459 +/- 21 h X ng/ml) were obtained. It was found that systemic availability was increased by rectal administration of PPL hollow type suppositories. These data on bioavailability suggested that PPL was absorbed more efficiently with the hollow type suppository than with the conventional one. PPL was released faster from II and III than from I. It was concluded that the hollow type suppository was a suitable device for absorption of PPL into the rectum.

Administration, Rectal↗