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Biomedical subjects

K Adler

Publications and source records attributed to K Adler.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The reaction of the heart to radiation. I. State of the knowledge based on animal experimental studies].

The aim of curative tumor therapy is healing without complications. Therefore the avoidance of undesirable side-effects in healthy tissue becomes more important to such a degree as the lifespan can be prolonged by therapy: In this review the experiences to cardiac reactions by ionizing radiations are represented from experiments on animals. The former conception of a marked radioresistance of the heart has to be revised to the hitherto presented investigations. Acute inflammatory reactions and late, often progressive alterations can develop in the heart like in other normal tissue. These late-effects especially are reflected at pericardium, myocardium and vessel system (microvessel system and coronaries) and not rarely cause functional injuries of the tissue. Actual investigations give special attention to pathogenesis of acute radioreaction. It is supposed that their explanation gives a better understanding for the process of independence and progress and with that a possibility for prophylactic or therapeutic measures.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Alpha-smooth muscle actin in parenchymal cells of bleomycin-injured rat lung.

Bleomycin causes focally diffuse interstitial fibrosis characterized by increases in the number and volume of contractile filament-laden parenchymal cells, as well as increased parenchymal contractility. However, the origin of these cells and their relationship to altered contractility, remain unknown. We now have used immunohistochemical methods to ask if cells containing smooth muscle actin and myosin are present in involved regions of parenchyma. Staining of the parenchyma of control lungs with a monoclonal antibody against alpha-smooth muscle actin is sparse, consisting of reactivity with the alveolar entrance ring (septal tip) cells as well as occasional reactivity of alveolar wall cells that may represent pericytes or contractile interstitial cells. Increased alpha-smooth muscle actin staining was observed in areas of parenchymal damage in lungs from animals sacrificed between 1 and 4 weeks postbleomycin instillation. This reactivity included altered staining of the airway and vessel smooth muscle coat as well as thickened septal tips. In addition, newly reactive cells were observed in interstitial and intraalveolar regions and in bands of thickened submesothelial tissue. Staining was most intense in the focal fibrotic lesions which are characteristic of this injury. By contrast, parenchymal reactivity with a polyclonal antibody against smooth muscle myosin at the later time points shows only a mild increase in punctate staining in the damaged foci. We hypothesize that the substantial increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin containing cells in fibrotic regions of involved parenchyma after bleomycin injury is responsible for the altered morphologic, biochemical, and mechanical properties that we have observed.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

[Radiation pneumonitis in the x-ray picture following megavoltage irradiation using the Neptune 10 p. linear accelerator].

For 105 patients with healthy lungs (76 breast carcinomas, 29 testicular tumors) irradiated from 1981 to 1983 with the linear accelerator Neptune 10p. the pulmonary effects of irradiation were monitored over several years. The true dose applied for breast carcinomas was 46 Gy (2 Gy per fraction), for testicular tumors 40 Gy were applied in the mediastinal field. 9% of the patients showed excessive infiltrations, 18% radiation pneumonitis of medium degree. In 35% of the patients slight infiltrations were found. The course of the pneumonitis was, according to its stage, regular. After a latency period 30 days post irradiation the early stadium occurs. Florid pneumonitis develops between the 45th and 90th day after irradiation. Extended radiographic effects occur up to 10 days earlier. Through a period of pneumonitis with pronounced shrinkage fibrosis develops. By CT-based individual radiation planning the pulmonary radiation reaction can be significantly reduced. The differential diagnostics of radiation effects and metastases is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The value of lung perfusion scintigraphy in radiation pneumonitis in comparison with the diffusing capacity DLCO].

The value of lung perfusion scintigraphy (Tc99m) and lung diffusing capacity are compared with references to early detection of radiogenic pneumonitis. Perfusion scintigraphy completed by diffusing capacity is excellent suitable for early detection. Risk cases are recognized up to 40 days earlier than by X-ray. Severity of radiogenic pneumonitis can be diminished remarkable by prevention therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Identification by heteroduplex analysis of an invertible element (Min) common among IncM group plasmids.

The analysis of heteroduplexes between EcoRI digested DNA derived from IncM plasmids in the transfer-off and in the transfer-on state revealed an internal loop of about 1 kbp on a distinct large EcoRI fragment. The presence of an invertible element (Min) is suggested which enables the formation of conjugative pili at 30 degrees C, but switches off the pilus formation at 37 degrees C incubation temperature.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatric nursing roles in a community mental health center.

We describe the addition of medication monitoring to the duties of nurses working as case managers in a day treatment program for the chronically mentally ill. The nurses used their medical and behavioral knowledge to form a more complete picture of the patient than either a visiting psychiatrist or a case-manager who was not a nurse could do. This improved the integration of medication and other patient management decisions. It also improved cooperation between psychiatrists and nurses, better using the time and skills of both.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1988

The COP-BLAM programs: evolving chemotherapy concepts in large cell lymphoma.

The cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin, doxorubicin, procarbazine (COP-BLAM) programs of combination chemotherapy were administered to patients with advanced diffuse large cell lymphoma. The original COP-BLAM programs were designed to deliver intense multidrug therapy maximizing tumor kill. COP-BLAM programs IA and IB, easily administered on an outpatient basis, produced identical 73% complete remissions (CRs) and 55% long-term, disease-free survival (DFS). COP-BLAM III, an outgrowth of studies using infusional therapy, differed from COP-BLAM by using infusional bleomycin and vincristine alternated with bolus vincristine. With COP-BLAM III, 84% CRs, 76% "potential cures," and a 65% DFS were produced at a median follow-up time of 50 months. COD-BLAM IV, using four sequential cycles of infusional chemotherapy, high-dose alternating myelosuppressives (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide), and cycle-active agents (methotrexate, cytarabine, and etoposide) produced 88% CRs, 67% potential cures, and a 64% DFS at a median follow-up of 24 months. COP-BLAM V employs four to six sequential cycles of infusional chemotherapy tailored to the rapidity of response. Preliminary results in patients with high-risk Hodgkin's disease suggest COP-BLAM V may be effective despite the shortened treatment time. In all programs, prognostic factors were critical determinants in the results achieved, particularly age and rapidity of response.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Temperature dependence of M pilus formation as demonstrated by electron microscopy.

The formation of IncM plasmid encoded pili is dependent on the incubation temperature of the corresponding host strains. By labelling the short, rigid M pili with the donor specific bacteriophage luminal diameter M, the presence of pili at 30 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C incubation temperature could be demonstrated for E. coli K12 substrains carrying different IncM group plasmids. In contrast, such a temperature dependence of M pilus formation is not observed in S. typhimurium substrains.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1985

[Central areolar choroidal dystrophy with retinal crystals].

Central choroidal dystrophy is characterized by lack of large parts of the central choroid. In the dystrophic region outer retinal layers are also involved whereas inner retinal layers may be unaffected. Three patients with central choroidal dystrophy and retinal crystals in the dystrophic region or near its border are described. Predominantly, these crystals are located in the inner or middle retinal layers. The amplitude of the electroretinogram is reduced according to the extent of the defect in the neurosensory epithelium. In the cases described here the inner retinal layers may also be involved in the pathologic process. In two patients with the most marked clinical and electrophysiological disturbances, a multiple lipoprotein-type hyerlipidemia was found.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Central chorioretinal dystrophy with drusen and retinal crystals].

4 patients out of 2 pedigrees present an association of dominant drusen, central chorioretinal dystrophy and retinal crystals. It seems to be transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode. Drusen have also been found in 4 patients (3rd generation) at the age of 40 years. Central chorioretinal dystrophy and retinal crystals have not been found prior to the age of 60 years. Visual acuity and central scotoma depend on the central chorioretinal dystrophy. Electro-oculograms and electroretinograms exhibited relatively little changes. 2 patients showed phenotype II and IV of Fredriksen.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Crystalline chorioretinopathy with marginal corneal involvement].

The authors describe central and peripapillary chorioretinal dystrophies seen in 3 patients. In 2 of them a crystalline chorioretinal dystrophy was found. This is compared to the "simple" chorioretinal dystrophy of the third patient. Crystalline deposits in the limbus corneae were found in both patients with crystalline chorioretinopathy. Higher serum cholesterol levels and more widespread chorioretinal dystrophy are associated with greater corneal involvement. Visual acuity, central scotomata and the changes in the electroretinograms correlate with the chorioretinal dystrophy. The crystalline chorioretinopathy found in these patients is associated with Fredriksen's phenotype II, whereas the "simple" form of chorioretinal dystrophy is associated with multiple lipoprotein-type hyperlipidemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Vitamin B12 levels in the serum in gastrectomized patients].

In 17 totally gastrectomised patients the vitamin B12-serum level was analyzed by 57Co-marked vitamin B12 according to the principle of competitive protein-bounding. Pathological low B12-serum levels in 10 patients refer to the lack of this vitamin. This, however, was only clinically manifested in one case by a megalocytic anaemia. The control of B12-serum levels by running substitution is only useful at the end of the interval between two injections. It is only at this time that it is a help in evaluating the effect of substitution. The monthly or 2-monthly vitamin B12-substitution should be preferred. No optimal substitutional effect can be achieved by injecting 1000 micrograms of vitamin B12 every three months.

Gastrectomy↗