Flexible wurtzite-type ZnS nanobelts with quantum-size effects: a diethylenetriamine-assisted solvothermal approach.
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DEET↗
Biomedical subjects
Jie Jiang
Publications and source records attributed to Jie Jiang.
Preoperative gefitinib versus gefitinib and anastrozole in postmenopausal patients with oestrogen-receptor positive and epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-positive primary breast cancer: a double-blind placebo-controlled phase II randomised trial.
BACKGROUND: Some oestrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancers express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), but whether inhibition of EGFR can suppress proliferation of breast cancer cells and ER function is not known. METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial of 56 postmenopausal patients with ER-positive and EGFR-positive primary breast cancer, 27 women were randomly assigned to the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor of EGFR gefitinib (250 mg given orally once a day) and the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (1 mg given orally once a day), and 29 women to gefitinib (250 mg given orally once a day) and placebo of identical appearance to anastrozole given orally once a day, all given for 4-6 weeks before surgery. Primary outcome was inhibition of tumour-cell proliferation, as measured by Ki67 antigen labelling index. Secondary outcomes were reduction in EGFR phosphorylation at Tyr 845, reduction in ER phosphorylation at Ser 118, tumour size, and toxic effects. Analyses were by intention to treat. FINDINGS: Patients assigned gefitinib and anastrozole had a greater reduction from pretreatment values in proliferation-related Ki67 labelling index than did those assigned gefitinib alone (mean % reduction 98.0 [95% CI 96.1-98.9] vs 92.4 [85.1-96.1]; difference between groups 5.6% [5.1-6.0], p=0.0054). Tumour size was reduced by 30-99% (partial response) in 14 of 28 patients assigned gefitinib and [corrected]in 12 of 22 assigned gefitinib, as assessed by ultrasonography. Reduction in phosphorylation of ER at Ser 118 was similar for both groups. Treatment was well tolerated and much the same for both groups. INTERPRETATION: Single-agent gefitinib and gefitinib combined with anastrozole are well-tolerated and effective treatments for reducing the size of breast tumours and levels of ER phosphorylation when given as neoadjuvant therapy.
Anastrozole↗
[A clinical study of presurgical nasoalveolar molding in infants with complete cleft lip and palate].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of presurgical nasoalveolar molding in infants with complete cleft lip and palate. METHODS: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding was performed in 38 infants with cleft lip and palate (26 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, 12 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate), aged between 5 and 30 days. The width of alveolar cleft was measured before and after the operation and the effect of treatment was assessed. RESULTS: After 108 - 152 days of therapy, the average width of alveolar cleft decreased by 5.3 mm in 26 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Nasal profile was improved in 76 percent of cases. In 12 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate, the average width of left cleft decreased by 4.7 mm and that of the right decreased by 4.2 mm. The distance between right and left cleft increased by 5.1 mm. Nasal profile was improved in 66 percent of cases. CONCLUSION: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding in complete cleft lip and palate can improve nasal profile and decrease the width of alveolar cleft.
Alveolar Process↗
[Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector 2-mediated gene transfer of VEGF165 improved porcine chronic myocardial ischemia].
OBJECTIVE: Vectors commonly used for therapeutic angiogenesis such as adenovirus and plasmid had their own limitations. Adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) is a relatively new but probably more ideal vector as it is safe and efficient. We will study the efficiency of recombinant AAV-2 mediated vascular endothelial growth factor165 gene transfer in inducing angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, in improving blood flow and myocardium function in a porcine chronic myocardial ischemic model. METHODS: Chinese experimental minipigs underwent placement of a left circumflex artery aneroid constrictor. Five weeks later, electrocardiogram, coronary angiography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed to confirm occlusion of LCX or ischemia of myocardium in LCX territory. Coronary blood flow, myocardium perfusion and left ventricular wall function were also evaluated. Then the animals were randomized to treatment with rAAV2-VEGF(165) (1 x 10(12) virus genome) or administration of PBS, both by direct myocardial injection. Three and six months after therapy, the animals were evaluated with regard to expression of VEGF(165) Capillary density and arteriole density of the ischemic myocardium, coronary angiography, myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function were also assessed six months after therapy. RESULTS: Five weeks after aneroid occluder implantation, all the animals demonstrated complete or nearly complete occlusion of LCX and perfusion deficiency in LCX territory. Three months after therapy, expression of VEGF(165) mRNA and protein were higher in the VEGF than control group. The difference between the two groups diminished after six months. There was significant increase in capillary density (1404.06 +/- 250.48/mm(2) vs 976.88 +/- 344.79/mm(2), P < 0.05) and arteriole density (167.81 +/- 36.29/mm(2) vs 116.56 +/- 34.48/mm(2), P < 0.05) in VEGF group compared with control. Comparison of myocardial perfusion demonstrated marked differences between the two groups with significant improvement in animals treated with rAAV2-VEGF(165). No significant improvement in left ventricular function was seen in either the VEGF or control group. CONCLUSIONS: Transmyocardial delivery of rAAV2-VEGF(165) resulted in VEGF gene expression for at least three months and stimulated angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Myocardial perfusion was also improved after VEGF gene delivery.
Adenoviridae↗
[Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans in sea fish samples in some sea areas in China].
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) in sea fish samples in some sea area in China surveyed by using isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS and was evaluated the local people with PCDD/Fs exposure from eating fish. METHODS: Seven different kinds of fish and twenty fishes were sampled totally. Dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans were extracted from fish samples by Soxhlet extraction, concentrated and purified by FMS column chromatograph and enriched by carbon column. Confirmation and quantitative analysis at ng/kg level of PCDD/Fs was performed by HRGC/HRMS using multiple ion detection mode (MID). RESULTS: Carp-2 was the certified reference material obtained from the NRC Institute of Canada. The concentration of 9 compounds was consistent with the certified value, and precision was evaluated in this study. The relative standard deviation was less than 15 percent for three times determination. The average concentration of 20 sea fishes was 1.48 ng/kg wet weight, the range was in 0.21-8.10 ng/kg wet weight, and the average total toxicity equivalency factor (TEQ) was 0.292 ng TEQ/kg (wet weight basis) and the range was 0.030-1.291 ng TEQ/kg for these 20 fishes. The evaluation exposure from fish for local people was 0.58 pg WHO-TEQ/kg BW.day. CONCLUSION: The levels of PCDD/Fs was different from sample to sample, and the exposure from fish be less than WHO tolerance limit standard, however, the status for PCDD/Fs pollution should not be ignored especially when having an intake of multi-food.
Animals↗
[Comparison of PCDD/Fs content and profile in fish between marine and fresh water in a typical Chinese area].
OBJECTIVE: To study the dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans, PCDD/Fs) content and profile in fish from marine and fresh water in a certain water area, and to assess the dioxins intake from fish in the local people. METHODS: Samples were prepared using advanced technique, confirmation and quantitative analysis of Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzo-Furans was performed by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS using multiple ion detection mode (MID). RESULTS: The average concentration of fish from marine and fresh water was 1.43pg/g wet weight and 3.43pg/g wet weight respectively, and WHO-TEQ concentration was 0.28 and 0.43pg/g wet weight respectively. The congener-specific profile dominated by OCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF, and the main contributor of toxicity was 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The exposure from fish for local people was estimated as 0.63 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw x day. CONCLUSION: The level of PCDD/Fs in fresh water fish was higher than that of marine fish with one fold. The average PCDD/Fs concentration was lower than 1.0 pg WHO-TEQ/kg, which is the maximum limit (ML) set up by European Union.
Animals↗
[Presurgical orthodontic treatment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate in 100 infants].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application and curative effect of naso-alveolar molding plate in the presurgical orthodontic treatment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate in infants. METHODS: From January 2003 to March 2004, 100 infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate received presurgical orthopedics by using naso-alveolar molding plate. According to the age, 100 infants (aging 10 days to 3 months, including 60 males and 40 females) were divided into the test group (10 days to 1 month) and the control group (1-3 months). The widths of lip cleft and dentoalveolar cleft and the rate of satisfaction for nose wing were compared between 2 groups before treatment and after the treatment. RESULTS: The widths of cleft lip and dentoalveolar cleft before orthodontic (5.0 +/- 1.6 mm, 6.9 +/- 2.6 mm) and after orthodontics (4.1 +/- 2.7 mm, 6.4 +/- 2.9 mm)in the test group were less than those in the control group (7.5 3.1 mm, 12.5 +/- 4.0 mm and 8.3 +/- 3.0 mm, 10.8 +/- 2.6 mm), being statistically different (P < 0.05). The satisfactory rate of nose wing in the test group (86.3%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (62.4%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The advantages of presurgical orthodontic treatment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate in infants are as follows: repositioning the premaxillary segment, reducing the width of palate cleft, correcting the nasal deformities and facilitating surgical repair of cleft lip and palate.
Cleft Lip↗
[Expression of glutathione S-transferase-pi and DNA topoisomerase II alpha and their implications in colorectal carcinoma].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha, and their relationships with clinicopathological parameters in colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha were detected by avidin-biotin-peroxide complex (ABC) method in tumor specimens, matched paratumor tissues from 60 cases with colorectal carcinoma and normal colonic tissues from 15 cases. RESULTS: The expression rates of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha were 90.0% and 86.7% respectively in tumor tissues, significantly higher than those in matched paratumor tissues and normal tissues (P< 0.01). The expressions of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha were associated with cellular differentiation, Dukes stage and lymph node metastasis (all P< 0.01), but not with tumor size and histological type (all P > 0.05). The expression level of GST-pi was significantly higher in poorly differentiated tumors than that in well differentiated tumors. The expression level of Topo II-alpha in well-differentiated tumors were stronger than that in poorly differentiated tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of GST-pi and Topo II-alpha expressions may be helpful to judge the malignant behavior, metastasis and prognosis in human colorectal carcinoma.
Adult↗
[Expression of chemokine-like factor 2(CKLF2) mRNA in rat myocardium with hypertrophy].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CKLF2 mRNA in the rat myocardium with hypertrophy. METHODS: Rat abdominal aorta was constricted by operation to make myocardium hypertrophy in the hypertrophy group and the control group was subjected to the sham-operation. The CKLF2 mRNA expressions were tested by competitive polymerase chain reaction (CPCR). RESULTS: Compared to the control-group, the expression of CKLF2 mRNA of hypertrophy-group significantly increased on the 17th day after operation, and decreased to the control level on the 45th day. CONCLUSION: The expression of rCKLF2 mRNA in rat myocardium with hypertrophy significantly increased in early days of hypertrophy.
Animals↗
Protein kinase Ciota enhances the transcriptional activity of the porcine P-450 side-chain cleavage insulin-like response element.
IGF-I enhances steroidogenesis in granulosa cells by stimulating the expression of the rate-limiting steroidogenic enzyme, cytochrome P-450 side-chain cleavage (P-450(scc)). This effect is mediated through an IGF response element (IGFRE) that binds polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB)-associated splicing factor (PSF) and Sp1. Sp1 is essential for activation of the IGFRE, and PSF functions as a repressor. We investigated mechanisms of modulation of the IGFRE by the atypical protein kinase C (PKC)iota in a porcine stable granulosa cell line, JC-410. PKCiota was found in nuclear extracts, and levels were increased by IGF-I after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that PSF and PKCiota associated with each other in nuclear extracts from JC-410 cells. Transient transfection with expression plasmids of kinase-active and kinase-deficient PKCiota isoforms enhanced transcriptional activity of the IGFRE regardless of kinase catalytic activity. Depletion of PKCiota protein by small interfering RNA suppressed basal IGFRE activity but did not prevent IGF-I stimulation of the IGFRE. We conclude that PKCiota enhances transcriptional activity of the porcine P-450(scc) IGFRE independently of kinase activity by a mechanism involving protein-protein interaction with PSF.
Animals↗
Cognitive impairment in mice over-expressing gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1).
There is increasing evidence that GABAergic system plays an important role in the neural control of learning and memory processes. GAT1 over-expressing mice (NA) were generated, in which GAT1 is under the control of a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter, to investigate effects of GABA transporter on cognitive function. Our results revealed that NA mice displayed cognitive deterioration in associative learning ability and new object recognition retention, compared with the wild-type littermates (WT2). However, the impaired cognitive function of transgenic mice could be rescued after chronic administration of GAT1 selective inhibitor for 6 days. In addition, there was no change of the expression of NMDA receptors in NA mice. Taken together, we show a potentially important role for GAT1 in the neural control of cognitive processes, and indicate great potential for GAT1 as a clinical target of cognitive disorders.
Animals↗
Antiviral effect of chinonin against herpes simplex virus.
In order to investigate the antiviral effect of chinonin against Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the encephalitis model in mice and skin infection model in guinea pigs were established by HSV- I and HSV-II infection respectively. Acyclovir was used as the positive reference drug to evaluate the antiviral capacity of chinonin. Chinonin showed an obvious therapeutic effect on encephalitis in mice at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. At both dosages, chinonin demonstrated stronger protection than acyclovir (1 and 5 mg/kg) to the infected mice from death. It was also found that chinonin could treat the skin infection in guinea pigs effectively. The therapeutic effect of chinonin was similar to that of acyclovir (5 mg/kg) at 25 mg/kg but obviously better than that at 50 and 75 mg/ kg. In conclusion, chinonin is a potential candidate for the treatment against HSV.
Acyclovir↗
Ecotoxicological evaluation of 4-aminobiphenyl using a test battery.
Experimental bioassays are currently used in ecotoxicology and environmental toxicology to provide information for risk assessment evaluation of new chemicals and to investigate their effects and mechanisms of action; in addition, ecotoxicological models are used for the detection, control, and monitoring of the presence of pollutants in the environment. As a single bioassay will never provide a full picture of the quality of the environment, a representative, cost-effective, and quantitative test battery should be developed. In this study, the effects of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) were investigated using a battery of ecotoxicological model systems, including immobilization of Daphnia magna, development of zebrafish embryos, and inhibition of mammalian cell proliferation. The growth inhibition effects of 4-ABP were assessed on mouse connective tissue fibroblast cells (L929 cells) and human hepatocelluar carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells) by using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-trazolium bromide reduction assay. The results reveal that 4-aminobiphenyl is toxic for aquatic organisms and mammalian cells. The system most sensitive to 4-aminobiphenyl is D. magna immobilization, followed by development of zebrafish embryos, and inhibition of cell proliferation. L929 and HepG2 cell growth inhibition bioassays show low sensitivity. These findings indicate that a single model for the possible harmful effect of 4-ABP has its limitations; only a test battery, composed of bioassays on different species, can provide an accurate assessment of the action of 4-ABP in the whole environment.
Aminobiphenyl Compounds↗
Impaired reproduction in transgenic mice overexpressing Gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter I (GAT1).
It is well documented that g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system existed in reproductive organs. Recent researches showed that GABAA and GABAB receptors were present in testis and sperm, and might mediate the acrosome reaction induced by GABA and progesterone. GABA transporter I (GAT1) also existed in testis and sperm, but its physiological function was unknown. In the present study, we used GAT1 overexpressing mice to explore GAT1 function in male reproductive system. We found that the expression level of GAT1 continuously increased in wild-type mouse testis from 1 month to 2 months after birth. GAT1 overexpression in mouse affected testis development, which embodied reduced testis mass and slowed spermatogenesis in transgenic mice. Moreover, transgenic mice showed increase of the percentage of broken sperm. The further study revealed that the reproductive capacity was impaired in GAT1 overexpressing mice. In addition, testosterone level was significantly low in transgenic mice compared with that in wild-type mice. Our findings provided the first evidence that abnormal expression of GAT1 could result in dysgenesis, and indicated that GAT1 might be therapeutically targeted for contraception or dysgenesis treatment.
Animals↗
Overexpression of the Ikaros 6 isoform is restricted to t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and infants and has a role in B-cell survival.
The Ikaros transcription factor has been shown to play an important role in the differentiation of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Mice heterozygous for a dominant negative (DN) ikaros isoform develop T-cell leukaemia and lymphoma with 100% penetrance. Overexpression of DN Ikaros isoforms has been reported in some forms of leukaemia, such as childhood acute myelomonocytic and monocytic leukaemias, adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (B ALL) and in childhood and adult pre-B ALL. In this study, the expression of Ikaros isoforms in 49 infant and childhood leukaemia patients was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. We found overexpression of the DN Ikaros 6 (Ik6) isoform in a subset of leukaemia patients harbouring t(4;11) translocations. To further study the consequences of Ik6 overexpression in B ALL, we inducibly expressed Ik6 in BaF3 cells and found that Ik6 overexpression delayed cell death after interleukin-3 withdrawal, suggesting that overexpression of Ik6 found in t(4;11) B cells could contribute to leukaemogenesis by preventing the apoptosis of cells in an environment with reduced survival factors.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Identification of glutamate transporters and receptors in mouse testis.
AIM: To investigate the presence of glutamate transporters and receptors in mouse testis. METHODS: Glutamate uptake analysis was performed to study the function of glutamate transporters in mouse testis. Comparative RT-PCR technique and sequencing analysis were used to study the expression of glutamate receptors and transporters in mouse testis. RESULTS: Mouse testis possessed glutamate uptake capacity with sodium-dependence. Vmax value of glutamate uptake was (1.60 +/- 0.21) pmol/min per mg protein and Km value of glutamate uptake was (11.0+/-1.6) micromol/L in mouse testis according to saturation analysis. Furthermore, the uptake activity could be inhibited by DHK (GLT1 selective inhibitor) and THA (glutamate uptake inhibitor). In addition, RT-PCR results revealed that glutamate transporters (GLT1 and EAAC1) and ionotropic glutamate receptors (NR1, NR2B, GluR6 and KA2) were expressed in mouse testis. CONCLUSION: Glutamate transporters and receptors do exist in mouse testis.
Amino Acid Transport System X-AG↗
[Ethanol affects the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter I in mice brain].
It has been suggested that GABAergic system was involved in ethanol tolerance and addiction. Our previous work indicated both acute and chronic ethanol treatment enhanced the activity of GABA transporters in mouse brain. However, the expression level of GAT1 in CNS does not change, neither does the affinity of GABA transporters. In the present study, we demonstrated that GAT1 distribution on presynaptic membrane was altered after acute and chronic ethanol administration. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of GAT1 on three sites including Ser, Tyr and Thr were decreased. These data suggested that ethanol enhanced the function of GATs by means of inducing GAT1 redistribution in the cell and dephosphorylation may play a role in this process.
Animals↗
[Combined gene therapy enhances collateral vascularization in coronary artery occlusion swine model].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of combined gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiotensin-1 (Ang-1) in swine coronary artery occlusion. METHODS: Swine underwent left thoracotomy followed by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Constructed PCD(2)/VEGF and/or PCD(2)/Ang-1 eukaryotic expression plasmid was directly injected into the swine myocardium. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, capillary density and arteriole density were used to detect gene expression and biological effect. Coronary angiography was done to evaluate collateral circulation of the occluded artery. RESULTS: High levels of VEGF and Ang-1 mRNA and protein expression were detected. There was a significant increase in the number of capillaries and arterioles as compared with a control group (P < 0.05). Capillary density and arteriole density of the combination therapy group were higher than those of the swing receiving either therapy alone. Coronary angiography showed better collateral circulation in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Direct injection of PCD(2)/VEGF and PCD(2)/Ang-1 can transfect the myocardium and express VEGF and Ang-1 protein. Combined gene transfer of VEGF and Ang-1 can increase capillary and arteriole number and enhance collateral circulation of the occluded coronary artery more effectively.
Angiotensin I↗