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Biomedical subjects

Jagdish Butany

Publications and source records attributed to Jagdish Butany.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Cancer of the heart: epidemiology and management of primary tumors and metastases.

Cardiac tumors, benign or malignant, are rare and most are benign. The most common benign tumor is the cardiac myxoma. Malignant cardiac tumors are usually sarcomas. The pericardium can be the site of benign and malignant cardiac tumors, though metastatic tumors occur here far more commonly than do primary tumors. Successful treatment for benign cardiac tumors is usually achieved by surgical resection. Surgery for primary malignant tumors is, however, much less successful as complete resection is usually not possible. Primary cardiac lymphoma may be successfully treated by chemotherapy. Tumors that metastasize to the heart from other organs occur 100- to 1000-fold more commonly than primary cardiac tumors. Metastatic spread to the heart has been identified in approximately one-fifth of all patients who have metastatic cancer with lung carcinoma being the most common primary tumor. Symptoms of cardiac metastases vary, and they depend on the site and extent of the lesions. Treatment varies depending on the pathology of the primary tumor. However, the aim of treatment is usually symptomatic relief. With the advent of AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma and high grade B cell lymphomas have also been identified in cardiac tissue. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology and treatment of cardiac tumors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Subaortic stenosis: recurrence of a fibrous ring after 28 years.

Aortic stenosis is a common cardiac problem. Morphological aortic stenosis can be due to valvular, subvalvular and supravalvular causes. Subvalvular causes include subaortic rings and membranes, which usually manifest at a young age, depending on the size of the ring and the degree of obstruction. Recurrent (post-operative) stenosis is a rare potential problem. A case of recurrent subaortic stenosis due to a subaortic ring, 28 years after the initial surgical excision of the ring is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Mitral valve prolapse: an atypical variation of the anatomy.

BACKGROUND: The mitral valve apparatus is a complex structure composed of an annulus, mitral leaflets, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles and left ventricular, atrial and aortic walls. Deficiency or degeneration of one or more of these structures may result in dysfunction of the valvular apparatus leading to mitral valve prolapse during systole. OBJECTIVE: To review the chordal attachment of surgically resected mitral valve tissue from cases of mitral valve incompetence. METHODS: The clinical and morphological features of 135 surgically resected posterior mitral valve leaflet specimens were reviewed for mitral valve prolapse from January 1999 to June 1999. Four mitral leaflets removed either surgically or at autopsy served as controls. RESULTS: Excised posterior mitral leaflets from two patients had segments containing free margin and rough zone chordae that lacked attachment to larger 'strut' or 'stem' chordae or to either papillary muscle. These chordae were observed in otherwise normal mitral valves with adjacent areas that had normal chordal arrangements. Such chordae of the posterior leaflet were termed 'atypical chordae tendinae'. There was no good gross or histological evidence of chordal rupture, and this atypical arrangement appears to be congenital in origin. Grossly and histologically, these atypical variants otherwise exhibited characteristics similar to those of leaflet tissue from typical cases of mitral valve prolapse, with shiny, grey-white and "edematous" tissue that contained increased mucopolysaccharides in the zona spongiosa and chordae tendinae. CONCLUSIONS: This review found atypical attachment of mitral valve chordae tendinae such that isolated segments of the posterior leaflet congenitally lack chordal support, likely leading to mitral valve prolapse. Review of the literature suggests that this is a heretofore unreported cause of mitral valve incompetence.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

An incidental calcified right atrial mass.

A 58-year-old man presented to his family physician with a mild cough. A routine chest x-ray revealed a 4 cm 'ring opacity' in the right atrium. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a 41 mm x 33 mm mass in the right atrium. The patient underwent urgent cardiac surgery, where a firm to hard 4 cm x 3 cm mass was excised. Pathology revealed an old, largely infarcted and calcified right atrial myxoma. A review of the published literature shows that this case is the first to demonstrate an almost completely infarcted atrial myxoma with only a few clusters of viable cells identified histologically.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed2002

Beneficial effects of long-term use of the antioxidant probucol in heart failure in the rat.

BACKGROUND: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a disease that is characterized by progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and dilatation. Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to the progression of CHF, and antioxidants have been shown to have beneficial effects when started early after myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we tested whether the powerful antioxidant probucol would attenuate progression of CHF once it was established after MI in the rat. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ligation of a coronary artery was used to create an MI in rats (n=266). Survivors were then randomized 20 days after MI to either probucol 61 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) or vehicle and followed up for a total of 100 days after MI. Studies of cardiac hemodynamics, LV remodeling, cardiac apoptosis and morphology, systemic neurohumoral activation, oxidative stress, and renal function were then evaluated. Probucol improved LV function (LV maximum rate of pressure rise from 3103 to 4250 mm Hg/s, P<0.05, and LV end-diastolic pressure decrease from 28 to 24 mm Hg, P<0.05), reduced pulmonary weights, prevented right ventricular systolic hypertension, and preserved renal function compared with vehicle. Probucol also prevented LV dilatation, prevented wall thinning (1.70 versus 1.42 mm, P<0.05), reduced cardiac fibrosis and cardiac apoptosis, attenuated increased myocardial cell cross-sectional area, and increased scar thickness. CONCLUSIONS: In chronic CHF, probucol exerts multiple beneficial morphological effects that result in better LV remodeling and function, reduced neurohumoral activation, and preserved renal function.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cardiomyocyte overexpression of iNOS in mice results in peroxynitrite generation, heart block, and sudden death.

Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is a component of the immune response and has been demonstrated in cardiomyocytes in septic shock, myocarditis, transplant rejection, ischemia, and dilated cardiomyopathy. To explore whether the consequences of such expression are adaptive or pathogenic, we have generated a transgenic mouse model conditionally targeting the expression of a human iNOS cDNA to myocardium. Chronic cardiac-specific upregulation of iNOS in transgenic mice led to increased production of peroxynitrite. This was associated with a mild inflammatory cell infiltrate, cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and dilatation. While iNOS-overexpressing mice infrequently developed overt heart failure, they displayed a high incidence of sudden cardiac death due to bradyarrhythmia. This dramatic cardiac phenotype was rescued by specific attenuation of transgene activity. These data implicate cardiomyocyte iNOS overexpression as sufficient to cause cardiomyopathy, bradyarrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2002

Left atrial mass.

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Biopsy, Needle↗