Transurethral microwave needle ablation for bladder cancer.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J Zhao
Publications and source records attributed to J Zhao.
Apoptosis inducing effects of arsenic trioxide on human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the apoptosis inducing effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on human bladder cancer cells and elucidate possible mechanisms. METHODS: After treatment with As2O3, the growth inhibition rates of human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87 were studied by MTT and cell counts methods. DNA synthesis rates were detected by 3H-TdR assay. The morphological changes of cancer cells were observed by light and electronic microscopy and cell apoptosis rates were detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). bcl-2 gene expression of BIU-87 cells was observed by strept avidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: As2O3 could effectively inhibit the growth of BIU-87 (P < 0.05), which were time and concentration dependent. The inhibition rate of 4.0 mumol/L As2O3 for DNA synthesis of cancer cells was 55.64% (P < 0.01). Partial cancer cells presented the characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis which depended on the time of exposure to drug (P < 0.05). bcl-2 expression of BIU-87 cells was decreased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: As2O3 can significantly induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by down-regulating the expression of the bcl-2 gene and inhibiting DNA synthesis. This provides a potentially effective method for prevention and cure of human bladder cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
[Chromosome locus of ATRA-induced gene RA109 and intracellular localization of RA109 protein].
OBJECTIVE: To define chromosome locus of ATRA-induced gene RA109 and intracellular localization of its encoding protein. METHODS: Chromosome locus was defined by radiation hybrid mapping method and protein localization by green fluorescence protein (GFP) as reporter molecule. RESULTS: RA109 gene was mapped to chromosome 5q35 and its protein was localized in cell nucleus. CONCLUSION: RA109 gene is mapped by radiation hybrid technique to a chromosome region that is rich in disease-related genes. The RA 109-encoding protein is a nucleoprotein.
Chromosome Mapping↗
[Anti-tumor effect of E1B55kDa-deleted adenovirus on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effect of E1B55kDa-deleted adenovirus (dl1520) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. METHODS: Human HCC cell lines with different p53 genotypes were infected with dl1520. Four days after infection, the percentage of survival cells was determined by colorimetric assay. RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine alterations of p53 and p21Waf-1 expression. Adenovirus hexon gene expression was applied to prove the presence of adenovirus infections. Effects on vivo anti-tumor dl1520 were examined with intra-tumor injection of dl1520 in the SCID mice. RESULTS: After the infection, the p53-null HCC cell line, Hep3B was most vulnerable to dl1520 induced cytotoxic effect with a cell death rate of more than 60%. Whereas, less than 20% PLC/PRF/5 (p53-mutant) and HepG2 (p53-wild type) HCC cell lines were killed. The expression of p53 and p21Waf-1 was considerably enhanced after the dl1520 infection in HepG2. The intra-tumor injection of dl1520 significantly reduced the tumor growth in Hep3B xenografts. In contrast, no obvious tumor repression was observed in HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 xenografts. CONCLUSION: dl1520 selectively kills the p53-null hepatocellular carcinoma, showing potential application for cancer treatment.
Adenovirus E1B Proteins↗
[Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma].
OBJECTIVE: This study was to determine the pretherapeutic serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to elucidate the relation of its level with clinical characteristics and metastasis of HCC. METHODS: 115 HCC patients, 40 patients with benign liver lesions and 30 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Serum VEGF level was measured with the quantitative sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, R&D systems). RESULTS: Serum VEGF level in HCC [mean +/- s, (465.62 +/- 336.24) pg/ml] was significantly elevated as compared to those in patients with benign liver lesions[(159.54 +/- 120.58) pg/ml] and those of the normal controls [(123.53 +/- 51.84) pg/ml] though the mean VEGF level of benign liver lesions and normal controls were not significantly different. Serum VEGF concentration showed a positive rate of 77.4%, 25%, 3.3% respectively in HCC, benign liver lesions and normal controls. Of 115 HCC patients, serum VEGF level in patients with portal vein(PV) emboli [n = 26, mean, (582.76 +/- 441.89) pg/ml], with metastasis [n = 43, (548.29 +/- 438.57) pg/ml] or with large HCC lesions (> 5 cm in diameter) [n = 69, (554.43 +/- 369.99) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those without PV-emboli [n = 89, (431.39 +/- 292.84) pg/ml], without metastasis [n = 72, (416.24 +/- 247.27) pg/ml] or with small HCC lesions [n = 42, (328.67 +/- 227.47) pg/ml]. Serum VEGF levels in stage I, II, III, IV a and IV b HCC patients were 340.6 pg/ml, (451.55 +/- 307.84) pg/ml, (397.44 +/- 257.18) pg/ml, (486.10 +/- 397.73) pg/ml, (647.93 +/- 344.56) pg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The pretherapeutic serum VEGF level of HCC appears to reflect its potential activity of vascular invasion and metastasis.
Adult↗
[Effect of temperature, relative humidity and photoperiod on embryonic development and egg hatch of Pirata piraticus].
In this paper, the effects of temperature, relative humidity and photoperiod on embryonic development and egg hatch of Pirata piraticus were investigated. Temperature affected not only the whole course of embryonic development, but also its different phases. At 20 degrees C-35 degrees C, as temperature increased, the embryonic development became faster. The developmental threshold of egg was estimated to be at 11.9 degrees C. The uniform degree of egg hatch was higher at low temperature, while the highest hatching rate was happened at 28 degrees C. In order to study the factors affecting embryonic development and to determine the optimum condition for egg hatch, experiments were arranged by quadratic regression rotation composite design with three factors: temperature (X1), relative humidity (X2) and photoperiod (X3). Three models were built up, and the factors affecting the embryonic development were analyzed. After calculating the hatching rate using the model of hatching rate by computer, the optimum condition for egg hatch of the spider was given: temperature 27 degrees C-28.5 degrees C, relative humidity 94%-97%, and photoperiod 14-17 h.
Animals↗
[A study on the risk factors of congenital urogenital malformations].
OBJECTIVE: To explore risk factors for congenital urogenital malformations. METHODS: A hospital-based category matching case-control study was performed to investigate the characteristics of 95 cases with congenital urogenital malformations and 160 controls. Parents were interviewed for their characteristics before and during conception. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used for single factor and multivariate analysis to estimate odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: There were 71 male infants in the overall congenital urogenital malformations (Ratio = 74.4%, Chi(2) = 74.863, P = 0.001) identified. Statistically significant associations were calculated for the pregnant women suffering from cold during first and/or second trimester (OR = 7.034, 95% CI = 3.488 - 14.187), for a low birthweight delivery (OR = 4.075, 95% CI = 1.774 - 9.362), for maternal times of pregnancy >/= 2 (OR = 3.133, 95% CI = 1.514 - 6.483) and exposure to occupational detrimental chemicals before pregnancy (OR = 10.496, 95% CI = 1.053 - 104.651). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors of congenital urogenital malformations were suffering from cold during first and/or second trimester, male infants, low birthweight delivery, times of pregnancy >/= 2 and exposure to occupational detrimental chemicals before pregnancy.
Birth Weight↗
[Prevalence of cataract and surgical coverage among adults aged 50 or above in Shunyi District of Beijing, China].
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of cataract, surgical coverage rate and the bilateral cataract-blindness burden among adults aged 50 or above in Shunyi District of Beijing, China, for evaluating the cataract status and the efficacy of the prevention blindness program in more than 10 years. METHODS: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selected individuals aged 50 years or older in 28 villages in Shunyi District in fall, 1996. 5 084 individuals received visual acuity test and eye examination, including lens examination by slit lamp. The cataract operation status was also evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of cataract was 23.31% among adults aged 50 or above. The prevalence of cataract was increasing by aging. The prevalence of cataract in women and illiterates was significantly higher statistically. The cataract surgical rate had been increasing since 1984. When the bilateral pinhole vision < 3/60 was defined as the blindness criterion, the cataract blindness surgical coverage rate was 56.36%, and the bilateral cataract-blindness burden was 1.63%. When the bilateral presenting vision < 6/60 was defined as the blindness criterion, the cataract blindness surgical coverage rate was 47.79%, and the bilateral cataract-blindness burden was 2.22%. The cataract surgical coverage rates were much lower and the bilateral cataract-blindness burden much higher in women, illiterates and persons aged 70 or above. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cataract is higher and bilateral cataract-blindness burden is heavier in elder individuals. Cataract blindness is still a serious public health problem in elder, women and illiterates after the prevention blindness program having been actively conducted for more than ten years.
Aged↗
[A novel rat aplastic anemia model induced by 5-fluorouracil combined with busulfan].
OBJECTIVE: To develop an aplastic anemia model with hematopoietic stem cell failure in rats. METHODS: Normal Wistar rats were injected i.p. with 5-fluorouracil and 5 days later p.o. by busulfan once a week for 3 times. A 5-FU alone group and a busulfan alone group were as control. The parameters tested indices were as following: incidence and mortality of aplastic anemia rats, blood picture, bone marrow nucleated cell count, CFU-GM of bone marrow cells and histology of hematopoietic organs. RESULTS: In the 5-FU plus busulfan group, the incidence of acute aplastic anemia was 82.0% (40/49 rats), the average survival time was (30.0 +/- 6.5) days. The remained 9 rats developed chronic aplastic anemia (18.0%). The total incidence of aplastic anemia was 100%, and the mortality was 98%. The blood cells count of the aplastic anemia rats was gradually reduced to a level of half the premedications and no CFU-GM was detected, and the patho-morphological examination showed that the bone marrow was replaced by fat cells, and the lymphoid tissue of spleen, thymus and lymph-nodes were remarkably atrophied without extra-medullary hematopoiesis. The control group (5-FU treated) developed a transient hematopoiesis suppression, and recovered rapidly to normal. Three of 12 rats in the busulfan treated group developed aplastic anemia. CONCLUSION: 5-FU combined with busulfan could impair the hematopoietic stem cells and resulted in an irreversible aplastic anemia in rats, making a rat aplastic anemia model with hematopoietic stem cell failure.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
[The experimental study of transfected sFlt-Ig gene on K562 leukemia cell growth in nude mice].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of transfected soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (sFlt-1) gene on K562 leukemia cell growth in vivo. METHODS: (1) The binding region of VEGF receptor (Flt-1) ligand was combined with fragment of IgH stable region to construct Flt-Ig fusion gene and insert into pcDNA3 vector. (2) By using electroporation, the pcDNA3/Flt-Ig was transfected into K562 leukemia cells, and selected by G418. Flt-Ig mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. (3) The transfected pcDNA3/Flt-Ig and pcDNA3-Ig K562 cells were respectively transplanted into nude mice and the tumor volume was dynamically measured. RESULTS: Five subclones of K562 cells with high expression of Flt-Ig gene have been established, one of them was transplanted into 6 nude mice. The tumor volume of experimental mice was obviously smaller than that of control mice, about one half of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The growth of transfected pcDNA3/Flt-Ig K562 cells was significantly inhibited. It is possible that soluble Flt-Ig protein secreted from K562/Flt-Ig cells neutralized VEGF produced from tumor cells, therefore inhibited the tumor angiogenesis.
Animals↗
[Pathological and virological studies of the liver tissues from the patients with sporadic hepatitis E].
OBJECTIVE: To study the pathological feature, viral distribution and replication in the liver tissue of sporadic hepatitis E(HE), and to explore the mechanism of the liver injury induced by hepatitis E virus(HEV). METHODS: The total bioptic liver tissues (n=54) were obtained from the patients with sporadic hepatitis E, including the clinical acute stage (n=20), the convalescent stage (n=16), and the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) overlapped with HEV infection recently (n=18). The pathological changes in the liver tissues were observed under the light and the electron microscope. HEV RNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and Kupffer cells were marked with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The HE liver tissues showed the pathological features in the clinical acute stage, presenting frequently with feathery degeneration of hepatocytes (100%), cholangiolar cholestasis (75.0%), and double nuclei and multinuclei hepatocytes (65.0%). The apoptotic body of hepatocyte was larger and irregular, and the proliferation of Kupffer cells was prominent. HEV RNA was distributed in hepatocyte cytoplasm near the nuclei. The positive rate of HEV RNA in acute stage was evidently higher than that in convalescent stage (100% vs 12.5%,P < 0.001), and the HEV RNA positive hepatocytes and the viral copies in acute stage were also more than in convalescent stage, in which the liver tissues were becoming normal. The liver tissue changes of the CBH overlapped with HEV infection were more severe compared with the single CHB. CONCLUSIONS: Sporadic HE had histopathological characteristics. HEV infection and replication in hepatocytes occurred mainly during clinical acute stage and regressed in convalescent stage, which suggested sporadic acute HE may have a good result. The immune-mediated liver injury by lymphocytes might be a main pathogenesis of HE,but the liver injury induced directly by HEV might not be excluded.
Adolescent↗
[Study on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and its mRNA in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B].
BACKGROUND: To study the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and its mRNA in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and the relationship between its expression and pathological changes of hepatic tissues and the clinical significance. METHODS: 48 cases of specimens of liver tissues with CHB were observed and analyzed using immunohistochemical method and in situ nucleic acid hybridization. RESULTS: eNOS was expressed in hepatocytes, sinusiod endothelial cells and vessel endothelial cells, being predominantly expressed in hepatocytes. The number and distribution of eNOS mRNA positive cells were similiar to those of its protein. Increase in expression of eNOS was correlated with degrees of inflammatory activity and fibrosis (r=0.6855 [P<0.05]; r=0.4828 [P<0.05]; respectively), and with decreasing PA and ALB (F=3.4101 [P<0.05]; F=9.1714 [P<0.0]). Changes of expression of TGF-alpha-R were parallel to those of eNOS. CONCLUSIONS: eNOS may be involved in pathological lesion of CHB by affecting the expression of TGF-R in liver tissues with CHB.
Adult↗
[Serological and pathological follow-up studies of the patients with single GBV-C/HGV RNA infection].
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the pathogenicity of GBV-C/HGV in causing viral hepatitis. METHODS: The sera and bioptic liver tissues, which involved 8 cases of the second liver puncture with an interval of 2 years, from 24 cases of single GBV-C/HGV RNA positive patients were observed for more than 2 years. GBV-C/HGV RNA in the sera and liver tissues was detected by using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, respectively. Under light and electron microscope, the pathology of the liver tissues was observed. RESULTS: At the beginning of the observation, the mean serum alanine transaminase(ALT) level was 60.17 IU/ml(range, 42.00-87.00 IU/ml), and the positive rates of anti-E2 antibody and GBV-C/HGV RNA in the sera and NS3 and/or NS5 in the liver tissues were 4.17%, 75.00% and 54.17%, respectively. In all the examined specimens, 79.17% of them showed mild acute or chronic hepatitis, mainly presenting with degeneration of hepatocytes, mild portal inflammation. GBV-C/HGV RNA and its NS3 and/or NS5 antigens were mainly detected in hepatocytes and a few mononuclear cells. In contrast, after more than 2 years, the natural change rate (negative rate of GBV-C/HGV) of 24 cases was 66.67% (P < 0.001). 75.00% had normal ALT level (P < 0.001) and 41.67% of anti-E2 antibody in the patients was positive (P < 0.001). Through histological observation, besides 2 cases of liver tissues showing very mild hydropic degeneration, there were no abnormal findings in 8 cases of the second liver biopsy. CONCLUSION: GBV-C/HGV could induce mild and self-limited hepatitis, which showed that GBV-C/HGV may be a light and self-limited pathogenic agent to human liver. E2 antibody appearance may indicate a recovery and provide a protection from GBV-C/HGV infection. Whether there is any other recovery marker in serum requires further study.
Adolescent↗
[Etiological study on human rotavirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis].
OBJECTIVE: To understand the etiology of human rotavirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in China. METHODS: The investigation covered 1968 feces infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in 19 provinces and cities in China. Feces samples collected from 1968 infants and children with diarrhea, 148 children, 135 newborns and 37 adults without diarrhea, 36 adults with diarrhea were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 1493 feces samples were examined by ELISA; 388 feces samples from sick children and 57 feces samples from children and adults without diarrhea were examined by EM. Bacterial culture were analyzed in 645 feces samples. RESULTS: Human rotavirus RNA (HRV RNA) was detected in 804(40.9%) of 1968 feces samples examined. No virus was detected in the feces samples of children and adults without diarrhea. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 500 (33.5%) of the 1493 feces samples. According to the genome profile of PAGE, 801 (99.6%) of the 804 rotavirus RNA positive belonged to group A virus, and the other 3 (0.4%) belonged to group C virus. According to the different migration of 10 and 11 segments on PAGE, the RNA pattern of group A rotavirus could be subdivided into two patterns: long and short patterns. The 527 (66.8%) positive HRV RNA was in the long pattern, while the 267 (33.3%) positive were in the short pattern. Among the rest 6 appeared to be mixed types, and the examined one was uncertain. Four different genotypes of HRV RNA in long and short patterns were identified respectively. They were types 4232, 4222, 3232 and 3222. The eight electropherotype genomes of HRV RNA varied not only in different years or seasons but also with the ages of patients and regions where the patients live. CONCLUSION: Rotavirus infections are the major cause of diarrhea of infants and young children throughout China.
Acute Disease↗
[Research on a new side-chain liquid crystalline polysiloxane as stationary phase for capillary column gas chromatography].
A new stationary phase, side-chain liquid crystalline polysiloxane, was obtained and used in capillary column gas chromatography. Two kinds of side-chain polysiloxane, PSI5 and PSI6, were characterized by polarized light microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction and proved to be smectic phase Sc. Two fused-silica capillary columns (0.25 mm i.d.) were coated with 5 g/L solutions of PSI5 and PSI6 in dichloromethane by the static method, named column 15 and column 16. Numbers of theoretical plate were 1,598/m-2,423/m (I5) and 3,191/m-4,235/m (I6) for anthracene at 200 degrees C-240 degrees C. These columns showed wide operation temperature range (I5: 50 degrees C-200 degrees C; I6: 100 degrees C-260 degrees C), outstanding thermostability and weak polarity. These columns exhibited unique selectivity for many organic compounds, especially positional isomers. For example, the mixtures of anthracene, phenanthrene and fluorene were well separated on column I5 and I6; dimethyl benzene isomers were well separated on column I5, but they were not separated on column I6; dimethyl phenol isomers were well separated on column I5, but they were not wholly separated on column I6. The different selectivities of these columns are mainly due to the different chemical structures.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
[Purification and properties of chitinase from Enterobacter aerogenes].
A bacterium producing chitinase was isolated from the dead body of Gymephorap ruoergensis. A chitinase was isolated from the culture of E. aerogenes and purified by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 column gel filtration. The purified chitinase showed homogeneity on the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about 42.5 kD by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for hydrolysis of chitin were 6.0 and 55 degrees C respectively. Michaelis constant was 2.88 mg/mL. Different metal ions showed different effects on the chitinase activity, The chitinase activity was enhanced by Zn2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Mn2+ and was strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Co2+, Mg2+.
Animals↗
[Determination of arsenic in Chinese herbs by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry].
Arsenic in Chinese herbs was determined by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HGAAS). The method was simple and fast, and could be applied to great amount of samples. The detection limit of arsenic was 0.020 mg/kg (dry weight). The recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) of all samples were 81.5%-125% and 6.2-18.4% respectively. The determined arsenic content of GBW08501 SRM was 82.4%-114.7% of the certified value, and the RSD was 12.6%.
Arsenic↗
[Pharmacological comparison between virosecurinine and securinine].
Pharmacological activities of virosecurinine (Vse) and securinine (Sec) were studied. The results showed that acute toxicity of Vse was 1/13.6 that of Sec, and Vse had no convulsive effects on rats or frogs, while Sec had. The results also showed that Vse and Sec could elevate blood pressure and excite respiration in cats.
Alkaloids↗