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Biomedical subjects

J Zeitlhofer

Publications and source records attributed to J Zeitlhofer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Topographic brain mapping of EEG before and after open-heart surgery.

The brain function of 60 patients undergoing open-heart surgery (36 patients receiving coronary artery bypass, 21 patients valve replacements, 3 both) was investigated before and 10 days after the operation utilizing topographic brain mapping of the electroencephalogram (EEG). The postoperative EEG changes were characterized by a slight delta-theta increase, an alpha decrease [especially in the fast alpha (10.5-13 Hz) band] and a beta increase in the relative power. The total power and the absolute power of the delta-theta, alpha and beta showed a decrease, the dominant frequency a significant slowing from 9.7 to 9.3 Hz. The centroid of alpha and beta activity decreased as well. These results are similar to findings obtained in patients with organic brain syndrome. The EEG changes were prominent over the left hemisphere, which may be of particular clinical relevance.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The distal portion of the ulnar nerve--recording technic and normal values].

Normal values for the distal portion of the ulnar nerve are proposed. In 52 normals without clinical symptoms of peripheral nerve lesion the following neurographic parameters were recorded on the right side and in 45 cases on the left side, too: distal latency wrist-hypothenar, compound action potential from hypothenar, distal latency wrist-M, adductor pollicis, compound action potential from the M. adductor pollicis, antidrome nerve conduction velocity wrist-digit V, difference of latencies M. adductor pollicis-hypothenar, difference of compound action potential hypothenar-M. adductor pollicis and side differences of these parameters. A linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the dependence of these parameters from age. Our normal values allow an exact localisation of peripheral lesions of the ulnar nerve (Loge de Guyon, Ramus volaris superficialis, Ramus profundus).

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1988

[Visual evoked potentials as affected by different modes of stimulation].

VEP with 3 different modes of stimulation (pattern-reversal, flash and light-emitting diodes = LED) were performed in 30 subjects with normal vision. Normal values were established and the main components were compared under these 3 conditions of stimulation. The latencies of the main components showed a normal distribution in pattern-reversal and flash stimulation mode, but not in LED stimulation modes. The latency of the main component P2 of pattern reversal stimulation mode as well as the amplitude showed the smallest variance; flash and LED stimulation mode had a longer latency of the main component than pattern reversal stimulation mode. No sex or side differences were observed. In one subject (3%) the main component (P2) of pattern-reversal stimulation mode had a W-form, in LED stimulation mode 63% and in flash stimulation mode 40% of the subjects showed a W-form of the main component. The main component (P2) of pattern-reversal stimulation mode was best correlated with the first component of a W-from in flash and LED stimulation mode. Therefore, from one latency value (LED or flash stimulation mode) a latency value of pattern reversal stimulation mode may be estimated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The prognosis of juvenile myasthenia gravis].

In 18 patients with juvenile myasthenia gravis (MG) the mean age of disease-onset was 12.1 years. The mean observation time was 6.8 years. After classification with regard to the clinical severity of the disease (Ossermann, 1958) 4 patients (22%) could be assigned to type I, 10 patients (56%) to type II A, 2 patients (11%) to type II B, and 2 patients (11%) to type III. 14 patients (77%) could be assigned to type I and type II A, both of them rather benign types. All 4 male patients belonged to this group. The tensilon test, investigated in 15 patients, showed a positive result in 13 cases (87%). The repetitive stimulation was done in 13 patients and was positive only in 6 cases (46%). Investigations in MG-patients without limitation of age showed positive results in about 70%. Increased levels of acetylcholin-receptor-antibody were found in 10 of 11 patients (91%). In 8 patients with the diagnosis MG, type II A and III, a thymectomy was done, 16 patients received cholinesterase-blockers, 1 patient with type II A, and both patients in group III received additionally azathioprin. In 1 patient with type III plasmapheresis was done. 75% of all thymectic patients showed a remission or improvement. Related to all 18 patients we found in 16 cases (89%) a remission or correction of the symptoms. In summary the prognosis in the group of our patients with juvenile myasthenia gravis was good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Neurologic symptoms in inhalation poisoning with metallic mercury].

Nineteen caisson workers had been exposed to metallic mercury vapours while digging tubes underneath the first district of Vienna (exposure between 470 and 2440 min; mean 1621 min). The blood mercury values on admission were between 29 and 166 micrograms/l (mean 75 +/- 34 micrograms/l). The main findings reported are clinical neurologic symptoms, psychic complaints, neurographic results and autonomic parameters (cardiovascular reflexes): 47% complained of headache and tiredness, 37% showed tremor and suffered from sleep disturbances, 26% showed hypersalivation, 16% changes in handwriting, and 11% slight dysarthria. The cardiovascular reflexes (autonomic parameters) were abnormal in 7 of 12 patients. On neurography the distal latency (median nerve) was pathologic in 47%, the distal latency (peroneal nerve) was pathologic in 26%, the antidromic sensory nerve conduction velocity (median nerve) was abnormal in 10%, the motor nerve conduction velocity, compound amplitude and vibratory threshold were normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Electrophysiologic findings in meningopolyneuritis of Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth.

Previous reports on neuropathy in Lyme disease and related disorders suggest predominant demyelination in most of the few cases investigated. We analysed retrospectively electrophysiologic data in 29 patients with MPN-GBB. In peripheral nerve involvement slowed NCV and/or prolonged DL was the prominent finding, concordant with primary demyelination. Distribution of pathology resembles mononeuritis. Facial nerve palsy was common and often bilateral.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Influence of television on photosensitive epileptics.

We examined 32 epileptics (20 female; 12 male; aged 6-73 years) who had displayed photoconvulsive reactions to flickering light in the EEG; they were examined with regard to their risks of getting epileptic seizures upon watching television (TV) under certain conditions. On a colour TV set each patient was shown a 3-min videofilm with slow- and fast-moving parts under 16 different conditions. The conditions had the following variables: (1) colour - monochrome; (2) dark room - light room, and (3) four different distances from the screen. In addition, each patient was subjected for 3 min to manipulated image interferences, including the vertical rolling of the picture. The results of this TV stimulation were always negative, i.e. in no patient did TV provoke a reproducible paroxysmal discharge in the EEG, nor was there any epileptic seizure. Our findings are discussed in connection with the corresponding literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical and electroneurographic results following surgery of carpal tunnel syndrome].

The surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome is successful in most cases. Sometimes, however, it is not possible to reach a satisfying result. In order to find out the reasons for failure, we examined 80 surgically treated patients. Clinical and electroneurographical parameters were observed. We could show, that the time of intervention and the age of the patient are responsible for the results. The skin incision has to be planned carefully in order to avoid transection of the palmar cutaneous nerve. In cases of systemic diseases the patient has to be informed preoperatively about the possibility of incomplete recovery.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Value of acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis].

In a retrospective study in 47 patients with myasthenia gravis acetylcholine-receptor-antibody-titers (AChR-AB) were correlated with the severity of the disease. In 18 patients the course of titers was studied and two groups of patients could be differentiated: patients with relative constant and patients with fluctuating titers. Age, age of begin of myasthenia and sex did not influence the titers. Also the duration of the disease and the severity of symptoms did not influence the level of AChR-AB-titers. In this retrospective study the influence of immun-suppressive therapy on the intra-individual course of AB-titers and their correlation with the clinical symptoms could not be judged. Measurement of AChR-AB is of value for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and important for judging the clinical course and the effect of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in brain stem potentials in dystrophia myotonica].

In 15 patients with dystrophia myotonica brainstem auditory potentials (BAEP) were examined: in 8 patients (53%) pathological components in the BAEP's (such as increased latency of one peak) and in 80% a pathologic component in the neurography could be found. Comparing the latencies of the peak and the interwave latencies in the patients' and control group there was no significant difference. Hearing disturbances influenced the latencies of the first BAEP-component, increased triglycerides correlated with pathologic nerve conduction velocity and singular pathologic BAEP values correlated with abnormal neurographic parameters. All these correlations emphasize the complexity of alterations in dystrophia myotonica.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Neurophysiologic studies in Pickwickian syndrome].

In 11 patients clinically diagnosed as Pickwickian syndrome the results of daytime and night polysomnogramm were compared. The daytime recording was very efficient in identifying apnoea and correlating various types of apnoea to different sleep stages. In polysomnogramms of night sleep we found, as did Lugaresi, a reduction of sleep stages III and IV, and a slight increase of sleep stages I and II. Patients without apnea in daytime sleep also showed a normal apnea index in night sleep. The BAEP's especially the pontomesencephalic components were pathological in six patients (55%). This might be due to a primary lesion or to hypoxic damage of the brainstem.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnosis of myasthenia. Value of tensilon test, repetitive stimulation, staircase phenomenon and acetylcholine receptor antibody titer].

In a retrospective study on 78 patients with myasthenia gravis the diagnostic value of various investigational methods is assessed. On the basis of the results of the Tensilon test, repetitive stimulation, the staircase phenomenon and acetylcholine receptor antibody titre in the different clinical subgroups practical guidelines are proposed for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1984

BAEP abnormalities in tardive dyskinesia.

To evaluate brainstem dysfunction, brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded in 13 patients with tardive dyskinesia. Only patients under 60 years of age were included because of the spontaneous dyskinetic syndromes that frequently occur in elderly persons. Clinical assessment was performed with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). BAEP measurements were taken in order to detect lesions in the brainstem. In 14 of 26 pathways (13 patients), abnormalities in the BAEPs were found which corresponded well to lesions found in former neuropathological reports of patients with tardive dyskinesia. The functional disturbance causing abnormal BAEPs may be an expression of structural brain changes in tardive dyskinesia patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Electrophysiological studies in primary biliary cirrhosis.

In 11 female patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, clinical and or electrophysiological signs of a polyneuropathy were found in 9 cases. 8 patients had clinical and 7 patients electrophysiological signs of a polyneuropathy. We derive from the significant correlations between neurographic and metabolic parameters that a hepatic disorder, a disorder of lipid and protein metabolism strongly contribute to the development of polyneuropathy in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral function in hyperthyroid patients. Psychopathology, psychometric variables, central arousal and time perception before and after thyreostatic therapy.

Psychopathology, psychometric variables, central arousal and time experience were studied in 30 hyperthyroid female outpatients. While these patients could be significantly discriminated in several of the above-described measures during the acute state of the disease, the intergroup differences disappeared after thyreostatic therapy. The thyroxine level was correlated with elevated beta-activity and the latter with variables of psychopathology and time experience. Hormonal dysbalance in hyperthyroidism is discussed as a biological substrate for neurophysiological changes which in turn causes deterioration in mood and behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plasmapheresis in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Between 1978 and 1980, 10 patients with myasthenia gravis underwent treatment by plasmapheresis. Of these, 7 responded to plasma exchange. Pre- and post-exchange anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody concentrations were found to be a useful parameter for intraindividual comparisons, but failed to correlate with the stage of the disease. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody assays cannot be replaced by determinations of IgG and globulin concentrations. In view of the potential risks and of the high cost factor, plasmapheresis should be reserved for particularly severe cases for obtaining transient clinical improvement in life threatening situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tardive dyskinesia: clinical correlation with computed tomography in patients aged less than 60 years.

In a prevalence study of 335 psychiatric in-patients 49 patients (14.6%) with tardive dyskinesia were found. In view of the high prevalence of spontaneous dyskinetic syndromes in elderly patients only patients under 60 years were included (n = 21; mean age: 44.9). Clinical rating was performed with the AIMS-scale. CT measurements of ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy were obtained. Tardive dyskinesia cases did not differ significantly from healthy controls, though some patients with severe dyskinesia showed signs of brain atrophy. These findings did not provide evidence to support neuropathological reports describing neuronal cell loss and midbrain gliosis in such patients. It is concluded that such structural brain changes in tardive dyskinesia patients are not detectable with present CT technology: they may either be due to concurrent aging processes or, in the case of younger patients, can be confirmed only by more functional methods of testing.

Adult↗