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Biomedical subjects

J Yee

Publications and source records attributed to J Yee.

136 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Perioperative care of the immunocompromised patient.

Immunocompromised patients are increasingly common in modern surgical practice. Challenges related to their care include identifying the determinants of increased risk and selecting the appropriate therapy for individual patients. There are multiple and overlapping causes of immunosuppression in surgical patients that make the interpretation of clinical trials difficult. A clear understanding of these mechanisms guides the physician to choose the immunomodulatory agents that can be used for improving current rates of complication and mortality. The best practical approach to immunocompromised patients involves determining who is at risk, aggressive diagnosis, early therapy, and a high index of suspicion for infectious complications.

Age Factors↗
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CT colonography: examination prerequisites.

CT colonography is likely to play an important role in colorectal cancer screening. The ability of this new technique to detect colorectal polyps and cancer is predicated on an optimally cleansed and distended colon. Whereas the most common reported colonic cleansing regimen employed for CT colonography is polyethylene glycol lavage solution, saline cathartics such as sodium phosphate and magnesium citrate offer the advantage of a drier cleansed colon. Positive labeling of residual stool and fluid combined with electronic substraction of tagged material is under investigation. This new technique would eliminate purgative bowel cleansing and increase patient acceptance of CT colonography. Colonic distention is easily and reliably achieved with atmospheric air, although carbon dioxide is being evaluated as a more comfortable alternative. The use of antispasmodics for CT colonography is controversial. Glucagon is no longer used at centers where a clear benefit has not been found. Intravenous contrast may be useful in a specific subset of patients undergoing CT colonography, although it is doubtful that it will be used routinely for CT colonography.

Colon↗
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Analysis of air contrast barium enema, computed tomographic colonography, and colonoscopy: prospective comparison.

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of currently available colon imaging tests, including air contrast barium enema (ACBE), computed tomographic colonography (CTC), and colonoscopy, to detect colon polyps and cancers is uncertain. We aimed to assess the sensitivity of these three imaging tests. METHODS: Patients with faecal occult blood, haematochezia, iron-deficiency anaemia, or a family history of colon cancer underwent three separate colon-imaging studies--ACBE, followed 7-14 days later by CTC and colonoscopy on the same day. The primary outcome was detection of colonic polyps and cancers. Outcomes were assessed by building an aggregate view of the colon, taking into account results of all three tests. FINDINGS: 614 patients completed all three imaging tests. When analysed on a per-patient basis, for lesions 10 mm or larger in size (n=63), the sensitivity of ACBE was 48% (95% CI 35-61), CTC 59% (46-71, p=0.1083 for CTC vs ACBE), and colonoscopy 98% (91-100, p<0.0001 for colonoscopy vs CTC). For lesions 6-9 mm in size (n=116), sensitivity was 35% for ACBE (27-45), 51% for CTC (41-60, p=0.0080 for CTC vs ACBE), and 99% for colonoscopy (95-100, p<0.0001 for colonoscopy vs CTC). For lesions of 10 mm or larger in size, the specificity was greater for colonoscopy (0.996) than for either ACBE (0.90) or CTC (0.96) and declined for ACBE and CTC when smaller lesions were considered. INTERPRETATION: Colonoscopy was more sensitive than other tests, as currently undertaken, for detection of colonic polyps and cancers. These data have important implications for diagnostic use of colon imaging tests.

Barium Sulfate↗
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Antibody responses to the env epitopes of human T-lymphotropic virus type I in rhesus macaques' naturally infected with simian T-lymphotropic virus type I.

Synthetic peptides derived from the env protein of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) were used to identify the immunodominant motifs in rhesus macaques naturally infected with simian T-lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I). Of the 13 peptides derived from the env protein of HTLV-I, Env-1(191-214) and Env-5(242-257) reacted with 81% (44/54) and 54% (29/54) of specimens from infected monkeys, respectively. A recombinant protein (MTA-I162-209) reacted with 53 of 54 (98%) STLV-I-infected serum specimens. While similar immune reactivities to Env-1 and MTA-1 were observed in both HTLV-I-infected human sera and STLV-I-infected monkey sera, the reactivity to Env-5 was significantly higher in HTLV-I-infected human sera. Differential reactivities may be attributed to the differences in the secondary structures of the STLV-I and HTLV-I envelope protein in the Env-5 region, since homologous peptide with STLV-I sequence did not result in enhanced sensitivity of anti-Env-5 antibody detection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
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CT appearance of gastric involvement in multifocal idiopathic fibrosclerosis.

Multifocal idiopathic fibrosclerosis (also called multifocal fibrosclerosis) is an uncommon disease in which there is a systemic overgrowth of fibrous tissues, with a spectrum of aggressiveness ranging from benign retroperitoneal fibrosis to pachymeningitis. We describe the first case of gastric involvement of multifocal fibrosclerosis and its appearance on CT.

Aged↗
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Cognitive test performance and presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease in the cardiovascular health study.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between performance on a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and the presence of clinical, subclinical or no cardiovascular disease in an elderly community-dwelling population. The results confirm previous reports of significant associations of age, education and gender with test performance. When performance was examined controlling for these variables, significant associations of disease group were seen with five measures emphasizing speed of performance; Parts A and B of the Trail Making Test, the WAIS-R Digit Symbol and Block Design subtests and category verbal fluency. These results add to the evidence that, in addition to other health implications, cardiovascular disease is related to cognitive functioning in the elderly even at subclinical levels.

Aged↗
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Serologic survey for hantavirus infections among wild animals in rural areas of São Paulo State, Brazil.

A serosurvey was conducted in wild animals captured close to two areas where hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) occurred in São Paulo State, Brazil. Serum samples from a total of 43 mammals were tested for antibodies reactive with Sin Nombre (SN) hantavirus using a strip immunoblot assay. RNAs from the blood clots of the positive samples were submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two rodents of the genus Oligoryzomys were positive for hantavirus antibodies. These animals were captured in the Iguape region and represented 16.7% (2/12) of the sera from rodents and 100.0% (2/2) of the Oligoryzomys captured in that area. RT-PCR failed to amplify any viral cDNA. These results are in agreement with other data that suggest that members of this genus are important reservoirs of hantaviruses in Brazil.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous liquid chromatographic screening of five coccidiostats in chicken liver.

A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for simultaneously determining 5 coccidiostats--aklomide, dinsed, ethopabate, nitromide, and zoalene in chicken liver. The method entails blender extraction of 10 g liver with ethyl acetate, column chromatography through Sephadex LH-20 and neutral alumina, and LC analysis on a C18 column with UV detection at 260 nm. The drugs were eluted from Sephadex with methanol-benzene (10 + 90), from alumina with methanol-dichloromethane (10 + 90), and from C18 with acetonitrile-water (linear gradient: 25% acetonitrile for 10 min, increasing to 55% over 15 min; flow rate 1 mL/min). Liquid chromatography was completed in 40 min and calculations were based on peak height measurements. Average recoveries of the coccidiostats from fortified liver ranged from 72 to 97%, except for dinsed, which showed a relatively constant average recovery of 57%. The detection limit for the standards was 2.5 ng on column. Levels as low as 50 ng/g were detected in fortified liver samples.

Animals↗