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Biomedical subjects

J Yee

Publications and source records attributed to J Yee.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Evaluation of three commercial screening tests for AIDS virus antibodies.

Three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus antibodies were evaluated using serum that had been characterized by an ELISA and western blot procedure developed at the University of California at Davis (UCD). Each of the commercial tests was more specific than the UCD ELISA, but the UCD ELISA was more sensitive in the detection of sera that lacked reactivity by western blot to the envelope glycoprotein (gp-41). The HTLV-III Bio-EnzaBead (Litton Bionetics, Charleston, SC) was less sensitive and specific than the Abbott HTLV-III EIA (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) or the Virgo HTLV-III ELISA (Electro-Nucleonics Inc., Columbia, MD). Overall, 22.9% (57 of 250) and 51.0% of sera that were repeatedly (X2) positive by commercial screening kits tested at blood donor centers and clinical laboratories, respectively, were confirmed by western blot. These results indicate that the screening assays for AIDS virus antibodies are not equal in performance and that positive screening test results must be confirmed by a more specific test like western blot before results are released.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the indirect immunofluorescence assay as a confirmatory test for detecting antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus.

One hundred and eighty-four serum specimens were assayed for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. All specimens were screened with a commercial enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by two indirect immunofluorescence assays. Sera were also assayed by Western blot. Results from sera of 48 healthy heterosexual volunteers were all negative by EIA, IFA, and Western blot. Sera from 50 healthy homosexual men negative by EIA were also negative by IFA and Western blot. Sixty-two patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy or newly diagnosed AIDS all were positive by EIA, IFA, and Western blot. Of 24 sera from patients with autoantibodies, with no evidence of AIDS-related diseases, five appeared to be false-positive by EIA, since they were nonreactive by IFA and Western blot. In addition, three other samples contained both autoantibodies and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. False-positive results were observed in both the EIA and IFA with monoclonal antibodies directed toward the MHC class II antigens DQ and DR. The reactivity of these antibodies could not be distinguished from positive patients' sera, in either EIA or IFA. We conclude that in general indirect immunofluorescence performed well as a confirmatory test after screening by enzyme immunoassay for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

AIDS serology testing in low- and high-risk groups.

The performance characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-retrovirus serological tests including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunofluorescence assay were defined in a clinical laboratory setting by testing 1,257 serum specimens from low- and high-risk groups for AIDS. The three prototype AIDS retroviruses (lymphadenopathy-associated virus, human T-lymphotropic virus III, and AIDS-associated retrovirus) were equally suitable as target antigen for these assays. Sera from six of 74 laboratory and health care personnel and 91 of 1,014 unselected blood donors were falsely positive by ELISA (positive to negative ratio [P/N], greater than or equal to 2) based on the lack of Western blot confirmation. Only two true-positives (two [0.2%] of 1,014 blood donors) were detected in these low-risk groups. In contrast, 106 of 108 specimens with ELISA P/N ratios of 2 or greater from the high-risk groups including asymptomatic homosexual men, hemophiliacs, AIDS-related complex patients, and AIDS patients were positive by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Four false-negative ELISA results based on positive immunofluorescence assay and Western blot were found in the AIDS patient group. Ten of 69 AIDS patients were negative by all three serological tests. The consequence of maintaining high sensitivity for the ELISA (P/N ratio, greater than or equal to 2) as a screening test was a loss of specificity. The number of false-positive results necessitated the use of a confirmation test with greater specificity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of radiographic measurements and pulmonary function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Measurements on standard frontal and lateral radiographs that reliably predict the presence or absence of chronic obstructive lung disease would be useful to the clinical radiologist when no other clinical data are available. Therefore, statistical correlations of pulmonary function tests and measurements of chest films were made in 104 men chosen from 1000 cases referred for pulmonary function tests in whom no obvious abnormality was present on the chest film. Two measurements were significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) without requiring correction for body surface area: (1) The height of the arc of the right diaphragm in the lateral projection. When 2.6 cm or less it identifies 67.7% of all patients with abnormal pulmonary function tests and 78.3% of patients with moderately or severely abnormal pulmonary function tests. (2) The height of the right lung in the posteroanterior projection. When this is 29.9 cm or more it will identify 69.8% of all patients with abnormal pulmonary function tests and 79.7% of patients with moderately to severely abnormal pulmonary function tests. These simple measurements will assist the radiologist to judge from standard chest radiographs whether a patient may or may not have chronic obstructive lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ultrasonic features of fallopian tube carcinoma.

With the routine use of sonography in the evaluation of patients with pelvic masses, it is essential to be familiar with the sonographic features of fallopian tube carcinoma so that diagnosis can be made early and thus contribute to prompt management of these patients. The authors present the clinical manifestations, sonographic features, and pathologic correlations in three cases of fallopian tube carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Bronchioalveolar angiotensin converting enzyme activity. Value in assessing disease activity in sarcoidosis.

The disease activity in five patients with sarcoidosis were studied by "conventional" tests over a period of 1 to 3 years. The value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was examined for its usefulness in predicting disease activity. Gallium scans were positive in 4 of the 5 patients, serum lysozyme in three patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytes were elevated in five patients (three greater than 27%), serum ACE was elevated in one patient and the chest roentgenogram had deteriorated in one patient. Pulmonary function tests were unchanged in all five patients. Patients were ranked in order of activity based on these "conventional" tests. The ranking of activity correlated with the ACE activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage when expressed per micrograms lavage protein. Control subjects had a BAL ACE activity of 7.8 +/- 4.5 units/micrograms protein (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the lavage protein in the control (29 +/- 24 micrograms/ml) compared to the sarcoidosis patients (31 +/- 6 micrograms/ml). We concluded that: (1) the changes in ACE activity in bronchoalveolar lavage represents a real increase in production or decreased clearance of ACE by the lung; (2) BAL ACE is not elevated due to increased permeability of pulmonary capillaries; (3) BAL ACE is a useful measure of disease activity in sarcoidosis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cervical ripening and labor induction with intracervical triacetin base prostaglandin E2 gel: a placebo-controlled study.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose, shelf-stable preparation of prostaglandin E2 gel (PGE2) when used intracervically in patients with low Bishop scores. Two different preparations (0.5 and 0.25 mg) of PGE2 were used and a total of 45 patients were studied. Both preparations of PGE2 demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the spontaneous labor rate as compared with the placebo gel. Bishop scores were altered in all patients not proceeding to labor spontaneously, but the changes were most significant in the low- and high-dose groups. No significant deleterious affects were noted. The efficacy and safety of this new, sterile, and stable preparation makes it suitable for clinical use.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1983

Management of foreign bodies and trauma of the rectum.

A series of 101 patients with trauma of the rectum, secondary to homosexual practices, presenting at this hospital and medical center is reviewed. Two patients were injured twice. Thirty-six patients had retained foreign bodies in the rectum, 55 had lacerations of the mucosa, two had disruptions of the anal sphincter and ten had perforations of the rectosigmoid. The majority of retained foreign bodies can be removed on an outpatient basis. If removal is not immediately possible, the patient should be admitted for observation and removal of the foreign body transanally under anesthesia. Routine sigmoidoscopic examination is performed after removal. Removal seldom requires laparotomy. Simple nonbleeding lacerations of the mucosa can be managed on an outpatient basis. Patients with abdominal pain, fever, continued bleeding, large lacerations or tear of the sphincter should be admitted and observed or operated upon, or both, as needed. Serious injuries, secondary to homosexual acts, can and do occur, as evidenced by the mortality reported in this series. Perforations of the rectosigmoid above the peritoneal reflection can be treated by laparotomy, repair of the perforation, removal of gross contamination by irrigation, proximal loop colostomy and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Perforations below the peritoneal reflection are challenging instances which require individualized management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A randomized double blind study of two oral contraceptives.

To study the question of whether one brand of oral contraceptives may be as acceptable as another for use of publicly-assisted family planning programs, a double blind study of two well-known brands, Ovral and Norinyl, was undertaken in Costa Rica and Trinidad. The pills were randomly assigned to 1,200 women. Common side effects - nausea, dizziness, vomiting, headaches - were associated with both Norinyl and Ovral. Differences in event rates for these conditions were much more marked by country than by the pill used. Ovral was associated with increases in skin problems, notably chloasma, in Cost Rica. A higher percentage of women using Norinyl reported intermenstrual bleeding and spotting in both countries. In Costa Rica continuation rates for Norinyl were adversely affected by this. With these exceptions there appear to be no important differences between the brands that would affect their use in family planning programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Relationship of cell type and lymph node metastasis to survival after resection of bronchial carcinoma.

In the completed adjuvant chemotherapy lung trials conducted by the Veterans Administration Surgical Group, the cell type was recorded in 2,341 of 2,349 curative resections; extent of lymph node involvement was known in all cases. Nodes were normal in 1,231 patients. Five- and ten-year survival computed by the life-table method was 33.7% and 20.4%, respectively. These rates were significantly greater than the 16.2% and 8.8% recorded in 1,118 patients whose nodes showed metastases. Among patients whose cell type was known, five-year survival in 484 with hilar node involvement was 17.4% and was not significantly different from 20.1% in 364 patients in whom only lobar nodes were involved. The survival was 8.9% in 268 patients with cancer in the mediastinal nodes; this was significantly worse than either of the aforementioned groups. A five-year survival of 26.8% in 1,482 patients with squamous cell carcinoma was greater than the 24.3% in 359 with adenocarcinoma and 22.4% in 500 with undifferentiated cell types, but the differences were not significant. Variations between these groups remained nonsignificant when nodes were normal and were of only borderline significance, at the 5% level, when they showed metastasis. When a curative resection has been accomplished, cell-type as classified in this study has little bearing on long-term survival, whereas the presence of node metastasis as well as its location is of the utmost importance.

Adenocarcinoma↗