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Biomedical subjects

J Yamauchi

Publications and source records attributed to J Yamauchi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A case of Sipple's syndrome with malignant pheochromocytoma treated with 131I-metaiodobenzyl guanidine and a combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine.

A 39-year-old woman with Sipple's syndrome and a malignant pheochromocytoma (PHE) is presented. She is a member of a big family with this syndrome and had undergone bilateral, subtotal adrenalectomy because of bilateral PHE six years prior to the present admission. In 1989, a small nodule was identified in her right thyroid lobe by ultrasonography and was suspected to be a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Further examinations revealed the coexistence of multiple lung and liver masses. These tumors were considered to be metastases of PHE because of the increased urinary excretion of catecholamines as well as extremely high catecholamines both in the hepatic venous blood and in the cystic fluid of the liver tumor even though there was no apparent recurrences of PHE in the adrenal region. After surgical removal of the MTC in August, 1989, she was given 3.7 GBq of 131I-metaiodobenzyl guanidine (131I-MIBG) infusions twice--in October, 1989 and in August, 1990. 131I-MIBG showed a strong accumulation in the lung and liver masses on both occasions. Periodic increases in blood pressure and tachycardia with an excessive catecholamine secretion were observed over two weeks after the first treatment. However, this treatment was not effective in reducing urinary catecholamines nor the size of the metastatic tumors. She, therefore, underwent chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and decarbazine in 1991, which slightly but significantly reduced urinary excretion of catecholamines and the size of the lung tumors. She had clinically stable period for one year after the treatment but rapid growth of these metastatic tumors occurred afterwards and she died in August, 1992.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1994

[Relation of gestational age, maternal body weight and age or serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin at second-trimester].

Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured in serum samples of 1,964 pregnant Japanese women whose gestational age and singleton pregnancy were confirmed by ultrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy. Statistical analysis of log-linear regression to calculate multiples of the median (MoM) was accomplished by the SAS statistical method. The levels of the two analytes noticeably decreased as maternal body weight increased. However, maternal age did not have a significant effect on either of them. The MoM formulae were as follows: MSAFPMoM = AFP/exp(0.861 + 0.0685 x gestational age(weeks) - 0.00572 x body weight(kg)). MShCGMoM = hCG/exp(6.12 - 0.787 x gestational age(weeks) - 0.00613 x body weight(kg)). Gestational age and maternal body weight should be considered as regression functions for the adjustment of serum levels in risk estimation of fetal anomalies and fetal demise in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Screening for adverse perinatal outcome by biomarkers in maternal serum; a comparison of elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein versus human chorionic gonadotropin].

We conducted a cohort analytic study to determine whether an unexplained increase in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) or human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG) is effective in screening for adverse perinatal outcomes. MSAFP and MShCG levels were measured in 1,097 consecutive pregnant women in whom gestation was dated by ultrasonography and who later delivered a single infant. Patients with high MSAFP or MShCG had a much higher risk of low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal death. But a screening test with MShCG for predicting preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation had an approximately twice higher sensitivity than that with MSAFP. A combination of MSAFP and MShCG had little effect on the sensitivity. We concluded that a screening test with MShCG alone might be useful in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

Endogenous erythropoietin and salt sensitivity of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.

To investigate a possible involvement of endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) in the salt sensitivity of blood pressure in essential hypertensive (EHT) patients, plasma EPO concentrations were measured during different salt intakes in 14 patients with EHT. All patients were given low salt (34 mmol NaCl/day) and high salt (342 mmol NaCl/day) diet of 7 days each. The plasma EPO concentrations were significantly higher on the high salt diet than those of low salt diet (23.5 +/- 1.9 v 18.7 +/- 1.8 mIU/ml, mean +/- SD, P < .05). The percentage change of plasma EPO concentration with salt loading correlated positively with hematocrit (Ht) at high salt diet (r = -0.62, P < .02) and tended to be correlated with plasma hemoglobin at high salt diet (r = 0.52, P < .10). These results suggest that the secretion of EPO is increased in response to hemodilution caused by the salt loading and the increased EPO concentration in plasma which may contribute to the increase in blood pressure through an expansion of total blood volume due to an enhanced red cell generation in combination with salt and water retentions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The usefulness of the captopril test as a simultaneous screening for primary aldosteronism and renovascular hypertension.

The usefulness of the captopril test as a simultaneous screening method for primary aldosteronism (PA) and renovascular hypertension (RVH) was evaluated in 111 patients with essential hypertension, and in 79 patients with secondary hypertension, which included 16 patients with PA and 18 with RVH. Plasma renin activity (PRA, ng/mL/h) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC, ng/dL) were determined before and 90 min after administration of 50 mg of captopril in the supine position on a normal NaCl diet. A cutoff point or a discriminant function in the screening was determined by discriminant analysis. A quadratic discriminant function of PRA and PAC after the captopril test identified patients with PA with a false negative rate of 6.3% (1/16), and a false positive rate of 0.6% (1/174) which was significantly lower than that of 3.4% at the basal state (P < .05). In the screening for RVH, the criterion of a postcaptopril PRA of greater than 10.6 ng/mL/h had a false negative rate of 5.6% (1/18) and a false positive rate of 15.1% (26/172). This false positive rate was also significantly lower than that using a criterion for precaptopril PRA of 2.21 ng/mL/h (P < .05). Accordingly, the captopril test was a useful method in the simultaneous screening for PA and RVH, and it may be particularly applicable in specialized hypertension clinics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A far upstream estrogen response element of the ovalbumin gene contains several half-palindromic 5'-TGACC-3' motifs acting synergistically.

We have identified an estrogen-responsive enhancer element (DH3 ERE) in the estrogen-induced DNAase I-hypersensitive region III of the chicken ovalbumin gene, which is located approximately 3.3 kb upstream from the mRNA start site and does not contain palindromic ERE. Four TGACC half-palindromic motifs, separated from each other by more than 100 bp, are responsible for conferring estrogen inducibility either to the proximal ovalbumin gene promoter or to heterologous promoters. Thus, widely spaced half-palindromic ERE motifs can act synergistically. Each half-palindromic motif was shown to bind the estrogen receptor (ER) with a low efficiency in vitro. However, two widely spaced half-palindromic motifs bound the ER cooperatively, much more efficiently than expected from binding to isolated half-ERE motifs. The ovalbumin promoter half-palindromic ERE motif located close to the TATA box was required for the activity of the distal DH3 ERE, but could be replaced by the binding sites of other transactivators.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Calcitonin release from medullary thyroid carcinoma by thyrotropin-releasing hormone: comparison with calcium injection.

The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the release of calcitonin were investigated in 15 normal subjects and 12 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. The present study also compared the effect of TRH stimulation with calcium infusion test on calcitonin release in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. In normal subjects, calcitonin increased from a basal value of 7.5 +/- 2.5 pmol/l to a peak value of 9.4 +/- 3.0 pmol/l (p less than 0.01) after iv injection of synthetic TRH (500 micrograms). Basal calcitonin values in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma were high (1216 +/- 2230 pmol/l, p less than 0.05), and TRH induced a further increase in calcitonin to 1842 +/- 3149 pmol/l in all the patients (p less than 0.05). They had a peak value of 7891 +/- 13,528 pmol/l after the calcium infusion, which was significantly higher than the basal value of 1463 +/- 2630 pmol/l (p less than 0.05). All medullary thyroid carcinoma patients displayed a marked calcitonin increase after TRH and calcium stimulation. Although the increase in serum calcitonin after TRH injection was lower than that after calcium injection (1.6-fold vs 5.4-fold, p less than 0.05), there was no significant difference in mean peak calcitonin value following TRH and calcium injection in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. These results indicated that TRH could stimulate calcitonin release from the thyroid C-cells in both normal subjects and patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Radionuclide therapy of Sipple syndrome using iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine].

A 40-year-old female who had lung and liver metastases from malignant pheochromocytoma was treated with 3.7 GBq 131I-MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine). After the treatment, 131I-MIBG showed increased uptake in the metastatic lesions of the lung and liver. The size of tumor was no significant change on CT and MRI, but the intensity of liver metastases decreased gradually on MRI. Prior to the treatment, the levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were high. One to three days after treatment, the level of these laboratory data further increased, but they gradually decreased in 1 to 3 months. These changes may be due to necrosis of tumor tissue.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1991

[Graft replacement for re-opacified thrombosed dissection].

A 55-year-old female was admitted with severe back pain. Enhanced CT demonstrated the descending aorta compressed by non-opacified false lumen. Ulcer like projection was found beyond the left subclavian artery by aortography. These findings suggested a type III aortic dissection with thrombosed false channel. 4 and 8 weeks later, although medical therapy was continued, she re-complained sever back pain. Repeat aortography revealed opacified false lumen arose beyond ULP and extended distally to the level of the celiac artery. Graft replacement was successfully performed using bio-pump as a temporary shunt.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of eight Sipple's syndrome patients and review of eighty-two cases from the Japanese literature.

Eight Sipple's syndrome patients from four families have been reviewed. One family had the largest number of members with pheochromocytoma and/or medullary thyroid carcinoma. A total of 82 cases (47 females and 35 males) collected from the Japanese literature during the period 1960-1989, are also reviewed. The ages ranged from 22 to 73 (median 41) years, 13%, being over the age of 60 years (elderly patients). Pheochromocytoma occurred bilaterally in 72% of cases. With Sipple's syndrome, a relatively high urinary excretion of the epinephrine fraction and a high content of epinephrine in the tumor tissues were thought to be characteristic. Seventy-three patients underwent adrenalectomy with a successful outcome for 62 (85%). There needs to be careful periodic follow-up after unilateral adrenalectomy. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) also occurred bilaterally and was multicentric in 66% of cases, and was often found to be metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes at the time of surgery (35%). Parathyroid disease was found in 22% of cases: parathyroid adenoma in nine, hyperplasia in 10. Fourteen patients (17%) died of surgical complications, hypertensive crisis caused by excessive catecholamine release and/or widespread MTC metastases.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Pre-treatment of dental alloy for adhesive restorations. Part 3. Alkyl ammonium/Sn composite plating to various dental alloys].

The effect of alkyl ammonium salt/Sn composite plating on the adhesive characteristics of dental alloys was examined. The surface of dental alloys, on which such a composite plating was made, was analyzed by ESCA. The effect of the length of alkyl chain and its terminal atomic groups on the tensile adhesive strength to an adhesive resin was also examined. ESCA analysis revealed that both C and N atoms from the alkyl ammonium salts were certified on the surface of the dental alloys. Stable tensile adhesive strength, as high as 500 kg/cm2, was obtained when the number of C atoms of alkyl chain was 10 to 16. The alkyl ammonium salts containing such groups as hydroxyl, amino and vinyl at the terminal of the alkyl chain, were effective for increasing the tensile adhesive strength.

Adhesiveness↗