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Biomedical subjects

J Winberg

Publications and source records attributed to J Winberg.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Bacterial adherence to periurethral epithelial cells in girls prone to urinary-tract infections.

Bacterial adherence to epithelial cells from the periurethral region of 48 healthy girls aged over 2 years and of 76 girls with repeated urinary-tract infections was investigated. The infection-prone girls had a significantly higher mean number of adhering bacteria than the healthy controls ( P less than 0.01). This difference was valid irrespective of whether or not the infection-prone girls had urinary-tract infections at the time of investigation. Furthermore, statistically significantly higher numbers of a pyelonephritic strain of Escherichia coli (075:H-:K-non-typable) were found to adhere to washed periurethral cells from infection-prone girls than to cells from healthy controls. These characteristics of the periurethral epithelial cells may facilitate the primary periurethral colonisation which precedes infection of the urinary tract.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of infantile atopic dermatitis with a strict elimination diet.

Of twenty-one infants with atopic dermatitis, twenty were treated with a strict elimination diet for a period of up to 6 weeks. Seven infants healed and twelve improved. The infants who healed were less than 6 months old and had had a short duration of dermatitis. For one infant the skin condition was unchanged. Another infant was breast-fed throughout the period with dermatitis. Blood eosinophilia and/or elevated serum IgE commonly found on admission decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) during the diet period. On challenge with cows' milk, twelve infants were considered as intolerant. At the age of 2 years the dermatitis had cleared in all but four children. Of these four children, two were still cows' milk intolerant. Another two infants were also cows' milk intolerant, but without dermatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Surveillance of malformations at birth: a comparison of two record systems run in parallel.

The efficiency of two national record systems for malformation monitoring has been compared. During 1973 and 1974, two such registers were run in parallel in Sweden. One is based on specific report cards which are sent in when a malformed infant is born, the other is a computerised analysis of routine birth record diagnoses. Both systems lose a similar, and significant, proportion of malformed infants. The quality of diagnosis is lower in the system of routine birth records than in the system based on specific notifications--especially in infants with multiple malformations or with reduction malformations of the limbs. The specific report system is the only one suitable for monitoring of malformations; it is also somewhat quicker than the other system.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

A study of factors promoting and inhibiting lactation.

The present series of studies, made between 1972 and 1975, has shown that existing routines in the maternity ward, such as weighing the baby before and after breast feeding, can inhibit the establishment of lactation and increase the number of early failures. Giving information to the father in the maternity ward may be an important factor in promoting breast-feeding, as judged from the findings on duration of breast feeding and from the mothers' comments. The greatest effect observed was that of skin-to-skin and suckling contact during the first hour after delivery, which increased the median duration of breast feeding by 2 1/2 months. These findings illustrate that existing routines during the neonatal period should be re-examined as to their influence in promoting or inhibiting breast feeding.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1977

Lead in umbilical cord blood correlated with the blood lead of the mother in areas with low, medium or high atmospheric pollution.

Lead concentrations in 541 samples of umbilical cord blood from different parts of Sweden were determined. The mean concentration was 7.6 mug lead/100 ml (=0.367 mumol/l). The blood lead values were also determined for 297 mothers and a mean value of 8.7 mug/100 ml (=0.420 mumol/l) was found. There was a significant correlation between the blood lead level of the mother and the infant as studied in 253 pairs. The slope of the regression line was 0.5 r (r=0.6). Significantly lower blood values for both mother and infant were found in areas with low pollution as estimated from the lead content in moss. No seasonal variation could be ascertained. Hematocrit versus lead concentration was also studied. A flameless atomic absorption method was used with a standard deviation of 0.9 mug lead/100 ml. The storage time and sample treatment were also studied.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1976

The periurethral aerobic bacterial flora in healthy boys and girls.

The present study was undertaken to provide information about the presence of bacterial flora in the periurethral region of healthy children and its variation with age and sex. It was intended as a basis for subsequent studies in individuals prone to urinary tract infection. Quantitative methods were used for bacteria sampling and culture. The study included 394 girls and 305 boys from birth to 16 years. During the first few weeks of life a massive aerobic bacterial flora (E. coli, enterococci, staphylococci) was established in the periurethral region of both sexes. The colonization with E. coli and enterococci began to diminish already during the first year of life and became very scanty after the age of 5 years. In newborns E. coli colonization was dense in boys and scanty in girls. Later E. coli was the dominating gram-negative species in girls of all age groups. In boys E. coli dominated during the first half year of life, later Proteus was as common as E. coli; staphylococci did not change very much. Urine samples from healthy school-children contained very few gram-negative bacteria; even when collected without preceding cleansing. The results suggest that there might be a local defence mechanism maturing during the first year of life, eventually protecting the exposed area from colonization with gram-negatives and enterococci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The periurethral aerobic flora in girls highly susceptible to urinary infections.

After the age of 5 years, normal children have but few aerobic gram-negative rods periurethrally. This study examines whether there is an abnormal periurethral colonization in urinary tract infection-prone girls during infection-free intervals, indicating a defective local defence. In 13 girls with a history of recurrent infection, daily bacterial samples were obtained from the periurethral area and from urine. Sampling continued until an infection eventually occurred. Seven girls contracted a urinary tract infection within 3-30 days. All were heavy colonized with gram-negative rods, often several species, before infection appeared. Serotyping of E. coli confirmed that it was the colonizing strain which later invaded the bladder. The findings suggest a local defect in the antibacterial defence of infection-prone individuals and gives strong evidence for ascending infection. Six girls remained uninfected during an observation period of 9-123 days. They all had a normal periurethral flora. A reasonable hypothesis would be that the same factor counteracted colonization and infection. Since abnormal periurethral colonization was not a constant phenomenon the postulated defect may vary. This might explain the fact that urinary tract infections often appear in quick succession, often followed by long infection-free intervals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Studies of Escherichia coli O antigen specific antibodies in human milk, maternal serum and cord blood.

Studies of Escherichia coli O antigen specific antibodies in human milk, maternal serum and cord blood. Acta Paediatr Scand, 65:216, 1976.--The quantity and class specificity of E. coli O antibodies in human milk, maternal serum and cord blood was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The predominant Ig-class of these antibodies in milk was IgA. The initially high levels of antibodies decreased 10-fold during the first days, but there seemed to be a fairly constant daily production of IgA antibodies during the first two months of the nursing period. There was no obvious decline in antibody content from morning to night or during a meal. The ratio milk antibody/serum antibody was very high for IgA, suggesting a local production. The ratios for the IgG were all less than 1, suggesting a restricted transfer from the serum. Ratios around 1 for IgM did not exclude some local production. In umbilical cord serum the amount of IgG E. coli O antibodies was higher than that in maternal serum. Small amounts of IgM and IgA antibodies was also demonstrated in some cases. In milk as well as in serum there were antibodies against a wide variety of E. coli O groups, not only to the actual E. coli strain dominating the mother's gut flora.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Influence of maternal gut flora and colostral and cord serum antibodies on presence of Escherichia coli in faeces of the newborn infant.

From 29 healthy newborn infants and their mothers faecal, serum and milk specimens were obtained on several occasions from one to nine weeks after delivery. Predominant faecal E. coli were serotyped with regard to the O antigen and milk and serum were analysed for their content of E. coli O antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In five cases the babies acquired the same O serotype as was found in the stools of their mothers but in 12 out of 29 cases infant and mother never had any dominating faecal E. coli O type in common. There was no apparent correlation between the patterns of feeding and interchange of bacteria. Klebsiella/Enterobacter was the dominating facultative organism on at least one occasion in half the infants. The newborns received colostral IgA and transplacental circulating IgG antibodies against a great number of E. coli O serotypes. These antibodies did not prevent intestinal colonization, as judged from cultures of faeces.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

Breast feeding and biological properties of faecal E. coli strains.

Human milk may contribute to protection against gram-negative infection by promoting intraluminal agglutination or killing of bacteria or by preventing bacterial attachment to epithelial surfaces. This paper explores the effect of human milk on the sensitivity of faecal E. coli to serum bactericidal activity and agglutination specificity, factors which have been regarded as related to virulence. Faecal E. coli isolated from breast-fed infants differed from those from formula-fed infants in two respects: They were more sensitive to the bactericidal effect of human serum and more often spontaneously agglutinating. E. coli strains isolated from sources outside the gastro-intestinal tract, that is the prepuce and female peri-urethral region, were in breast-fed babies less sensitive than faecal strains. The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that a breast-milk factor favours the proliferation of mutant strains. The observed effects of breast-milk might be associated with decreased bacterial virulence, and be one of the ways in which breast-feeding protects against infection.

Agglutination Tests↗