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Biomedical subjects

J Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J Wilson.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Beta adrenergic blocking medications for aggressive or self-injurious mentally retarded persons.

The psychopharmacologic treatment of persons with mental retardation who exhibit aggressive or self-injurious syndromes is varied and controversial. Many psychotropic agents (e.g., antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, lithium, psychostimulants, anticonvulsants, and narcotic antagonists) have been used; currently, none of these have been studied sufficiently to recommend them unequivocally, and most have serious potential side effects. A new group of medications, blockers of the beta-adrenergic function of the sympathetic nervous system, have been postulated to have efficacy in some aggressive or self-injurious persons. This literature was reviewed, a relevant case report presented, and concerns raised regarding premature endorsement of beta-blocking medications before they have been adequately studied.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Ouabain enhances basal and stimulus-induced cytoplasmic calcium concentrations in platelets.

Incubation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with ouabain, an inhibitor of sodium/potassium ATPase (Na+/K+ ATPase), induced a significant rise in basal platelet intracellular calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) when measured using fura 2. Ouabain induced an enhanced aggregation response to low doses of collagen in both PRP and washed platelets loaded with aequorin. In aequorin loaded platelets this enhanced aggregation response was associated with an enhanced rise in [Ca2+]i such that the relationship between [Ca2+]i and aggregation was unchanged. As inhibition of plasma membrane Na+/K+ ATPase would lead to a raised intracellular sodium ion concentration [( Na+]i) the results suggest that in the platelet, [Na+]i can modulate [Ca2+]i and hence influence the response of platelets to stimuli such as collagen.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1989

Anti-hypertensive drugs non-specifically reduce "spontaneous" activation of blood platelets.

Abnormal activation of blood platelets may be a contributory factor in the accelerated vascular disease which occurs in hypertension. We investigated the effects of lowering blood pressure in 12 patients with mild hypertension on several aspects of platelet function, initially in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study with nisoldipine, and subsequently in the same patients comparing nisoldipine with the patients' usual anti-hypertensive therapy. Values were compared with those from an age, sex-matched control population. Seven hypertensive patients with renal failure were also studied. Administration of nisoldipine reduced ex vivo "spontaneous" aggregation of blood platelets significantly, and a similar significant effect was seen when blood pressure was lowered by the patients usual anti-hypertensive therapy. "Spontaneous" aggregation occurring in the control population was similar to that in the treated hypertensives. Blood platelet count, and aggregation in response to ADP and adrenalin were unaffected by treatment. Median plasma beta thromboglobulin levels were significantly higher in the untreated hypertensive patients (43 ng ml-1) than in the controls (30 ng ml-1), and there was a trend to reduced values for beta thromboglobulin on treatment of the hypertension. These results indicate that blood platelet activity is enhanced in hypertension and that function returns towards normal when blood pressure is lowered by treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neurodevelopmental delay and focal seizures as presenting symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus I infection.

Three children presenting with neurological symptoms were subsequently diagnosed as being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV). All children showed normal development for about 12-18 months of age but later developed psychomotor and developmental regression. One child presented with generalised hypotonia, another with focal seizures, and the third with spastic quadriplegia. Two of the children showed areas of abnormal brain density on computed tomography and in one case there was calcification of the basal ganglia. In two of the children cerebrospinal fluid contained reduced amounts of total folate and elevated concentrations of neopterin. The possibility of a link between the deranged folate metabolism and the neurological symptoms in HIV infection is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

The effect of nisoldipine on renal function in the long-term treatment of hypertension in patients with and without renal impairment.

The effect of nisoldipine on renal function after 6 weeks treatment was investigated in hypertensive patients with and without renal impairment. Nisoldipine was well tolerated and an effective antihypertensive agent when administered over a period of 6 weeks. There were no significant changes in glomerular filtration, cardiac output, plasma renin activity or serum biochemistry during nisoldipine administration. Effective renal plasma flow was unaffected by treatment in the patients with normal renal function, but in the patients with renal insufficiency, the value decreased by a mean of 12%. Nisoldipine had no major untoward effects on renal function after 6 weeks administration, but minor changes in renal haemodynamics in the patients with renal insufficiency would suggest that careful monitoring of renal function is indicated in such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Functional loading of the dentition during mastication.

A method is described whereby the electrical activity in the masseter muscles is used as an index of chewing force. By using the kinesiograph, it was possible to determine the interrelationship of the phases of the chewing cycle and to measure the duration of each phase. On the basis of a pilot study of 10 dentate subjects and two complete denture wearers, it appears that, although the magnitude of the applied load is reduced in denture wearers, this is to some extent compensated for by an increase in the time it is applied. The results also suggest that a greater force is applied to the supporting mucoperiosteum when inverted cusp teeth are used in the construction of the dentures.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1989

Oligoantigenic diet treatment of children with epilepsy and migraine.

We studied the role of oligoantigenic diets in 63 children with epilepsy; 45 children had epilepsy with migraine, hyperkinetic behavior, or both, and 18 had epilepsy alone. Of the 45 children who had epilepsy with recurrent headaches, abdominal symptoms, or hyperkinetic behavior, 25 ceased to have seizures and 11 had fewer seizures during diet therapy. Headaches, abdominal pains, and hyperkinetic behavior ceased in all those whose seizures ceased, and in some of those whose seizures did not cease. Foods provoking symptoms were identified by systematic reintroduction of foods, one by one; symptoms recurred with 42 foods, and seizures recurred with 31; most children reacted to several foods. Of 24 children with generalized epilepsy, 18 recovered or improved (including 4 of 7 with myoclonic seizures and all with petit mal), as did 18 of 21 children with partial epilepsy. In double-blind, placebo-controlled provocation studies, symptoms recurred in 15 of 16 children, including seizures in eight; none recurred when placebo was given. Eighteen other children, who had epilepsy alone, were similarly treated with an oligoantigenic diet; none improved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Suitability of liquid-stored donor platelets in platelet compatibility testing.

Current platelet crossmatch procedures to select compatible donors for alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients are hampered by the lack of a convenient platelet storage method. This study examined the feasibility of using washed apheresis donor platelets stored for up to 1 year in a modified Hank's buffer solution at 4 degrees C as crossmatch reagents in an indirect IgG-enzyme immunoassay. Pooled and monospecific HLA and PlA1 antisera were used to determine the antigenic reactivity of donor platelets in relation to duration of storage. There were no significant differences between mean HLA and PlA1 antigen expression in fresh and stored platelets. HLA reactivity was detected on 12 of 13 donor platelet samples stored for 3 to 9 months and on 14 of 17 platelets stored for 12 to 14 months. PlA1 reactivity was maintained at 12 to 14 months for all 12 donor platelet samples tested. In addition, incompatibility remained in 23 of 24 paired fresh and stored platelet crossmatches using individual alloimmunized patient plasmas. These data indicate that both HLA and platelet-specific PlA1 antigen reactivity can be maintained adequately in liquid storage at 4 degrees C for up to 1 year. The availability of a convenient platelet storage method should facilitate the general application of platelet crossmatching procedures for alloimmunized patients.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1989

Plasma cell malignancy in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Association with Epstein-Barr virus.

The development of high-grade, malignant B-cell lymphoma is a well-recognized complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Plasma cell neoplasms, however, have been rarely encountered in HIV-infected people. This study presents the morphologic and immunologic features of an unusual plasma cell tumor occurring in a 31-year-old HIV-antibody-positive male. The malignancy was characterized by widespread dissemination and hypercalcemia at presentation and a clinically aggressive course. Immunoperoxidase staining of tumor tissue obtained from biopsy and at autopsy had positive results for IgM and lambda. In the patient's serum, only an IgG kappa paraprotein was detected, indicating that the tumor was nonsecretory. DNA analysis of autopsy-derived tumor tissues demonstrated clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene locus and rearrangements in both kappa and lambda light chain gene loci. Furthermore, DNA hybridization studies revealed the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in tumor tissue but not in nontumor tissue from this patient.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗