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Biomedical subjects

J Wilde

Publications and source records attributed to J Wilde.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A 10 year follow-up of semi-annual screening for early detection of lung cancer in the Erfurt County, GDR.

A prospective and controlled study for early detection of lung cancer in the county of Erfurt with a follow-up of 10 years is presented. A collective of 41,532 males born between 1907 and 1932 was screened by chest fluorography at 6 month intervals and compared with a control group consisting of 102,348 males of the same age, who were screened at intervals of about 18 months. No significant reduction of overall mortality and of lung cancer mortality was achieved. Semi-annual screening brought about a higher detection rate (9%/6.5%), an increase in the resection rate (28%/19%) and higher 5 and 10 year survival rates (52%; 27%/39%; 19%) of resected patients than screening in 18 month intervals. Among those patients who refused resection or were surgically untreatable, the difference in survival rates between the two investigation groups lasted only up to the 12 months barrier. This is regarded as the effect of the lead-time bias. Fluorographic screening is effective only in patients with peripheral cancers. Patients resected for central lung cancers did not show differences in the survival rates. In both investigation groups considered together surgical therapy was possible mainly in those patients who had been detected by screening (resection rate: 48%; 5 yr survival rate: 26.9%). The resection rate of all the others amounted to 9%, the 5 yr survival rate to 1.4%. Therefore we consider fluorography to time as the only chance for lung cancer control of high risk groups in spite of the absence of reduction of lung cancer mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

X-linked bulbo-spinal neuronopathy: a family study of three patients.

The clinical features of two brothers and one nephew with X-linked recessive bulbo-spinal neuronopathy are described. The neurophysiological investigations and sural nerve biopsy, previously unreported, confirmed that both motor and sensory nerves are affected. Because of the genetic implications, the importance is stressed of recognising this disorder as a separate entity which should not be classified with the spinal muscular atrophies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Problems of standardization in electrically induced experimental thrombosis].

Electrically induced experimental thrombosis was investigated to the possibility of their standardization and reproduction and with respect with it for their qualification as model thrombosis. The lesions of the vessel wall by the electric field were recorded quantitatively by passive electrical behaviour of the arterial wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Hematoporphyrin--a new possibility for the tumor diagnosis of central bronchial carcinoma].

The properties of hematoporphyrin (HP) and especially of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) result in a certain affinity to tumor tissue. It will be retained longer here than in the surrounding normal tissue, thus building up a gradient 10:1. By radiation with ultraviolet light (405 nm) HPD will emit a strong red fluorescence (600 to 700 nm) which is usable for early detection of cancers under the conditions of fluorescence endoscopy. Lasers are used as light sources for an higher efficiency of light transmission through the channels of instruments. The histological type does not influence the HPD fluorescence. There results no higher rate of complications than with usual endoscopy. For the photosensitivity after application of HPD the patient should observe a sunlight quarantine for 2-3 weeks. The diagnostic sensitivity of the method ranges at 97% and its effectivity near 80%.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical studies of rhabdomyosarcoma.

We performed immunoperoxidase studies in 29 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study I using antisera against actin, myosin, myoglobin, alpha-actinin, and tropomyosin. Although each of these antisera reacted with some of the tumors, none reacted with all of the tumors, and some tumors showed no reactivity. Antimyosin reacted with more tumors than any of the others, while antiactin and antimyoglobin were about equally sensitive. Antitropomyosin and anti-alpha-actinin reacted with few of the tumors. The better-differentiated tumors were more likely to react compared with the poorly differentiated tumors.

Actins↗
PubMed1986

[Bacteriological findings in selected inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases].

Actual bacterial flora was bronchologically examined in 561 patients with inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases, 291 out of them with acute pictures. Facultative pathogenic organisms were found in 70 per cent of bronchiectases, in 24.4 per cent of pneumonia and in 17 per cent of acute bronchitis. In the first place of infections were Haemophilus influenzae and gram-negative bacteria; in contrast to that pneumococci and staphylococci were less frequent. Sensitivity tests showed that especially in the case of gram-negative organisms and staphylococci a well-directed antibiotic treatment should be carried out.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Hematoporphyrin--a drug for local photodynamic therapy of endoscopically visible neoplasms].

Since the beginning of this century, the photodynamic effect of porphyrins in direction to a cytotoxic damage is well known. During the last decade hematoporphyrin, especially hematoporphyrin derivative, has been used in numerous clinical therapeutic studies for its good photosensibilizing properties. HPD builds up a concentration gradient between normal and tumor tissue from 1:10 and will be activated by light of a wave length of 405 nm. Under such condition HPD will produce a selective cytotoxic effect against tumor cells. In the international scale tumor phototherapy already turned over from an experimental phase into a clinical one. Newest reports of clinical experiences support a broader use of the method in special disciplines.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1986

[Reflections on optimizing the detection, diagnosis and therapy of bronchial cancer using epidemiologic data].

The disproportions of incidence rates, the portions of early stages and the cumulated resection rates as well as the per cents of first detection by autopsy of lung cancer patients between adjoining regions lead to recommendations for getting over subjective faults in early detection, diagnostics and therapy. A determining factor on this way is the collective discussion of those physicians who are directly responsible for the lung cancer patients (oncologist, pulmologist, thorax surgeon, radiologist, district physician). Goal is the qualification of physicians in the special matter and the mobilisation of existing material resources. The mortality as the only criterion of effectivity of medical efforts is questionable and may lead to errors in judgement and decision.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1985

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. (Mercaptoaroyl)amino acids.

A series of (mercaptoaroyl)amino acids and related compounds was synthesized and tested for ability to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The most active compound was N-(3-chloro-2-mercaptobenzoyl)-N-cyclopentylglycine, having an in vitro I50 = 0.28 microM. Substitution of the aromatic 3-position by small polar groups enhanced ACE inhibitory activity, whereas bulky groups diminished it. Alteration of the beta relationship between the mercaptan and amide carbonyl or masking of the thiol by acylation reduced activity. Replacement of the thiol by nitro, hydroxy, or carboxy gave compounds lacking ACE inhibitory activity.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

[Current roentgenologic delay in bronchial carcinoma].

The actual delaying of findings in roentgenograms is represented in 1000 cases of resected bronchial carcinoma from 1957 to 1972 and in 800 unresectable patients from 1973 to 1976. The delaying is analysed using the criteria as localization, site, diameter, histology, clinical delaying of symptoms, manner of discovering the tumour, original finding in the roentgenogram, prognosis, and sex-distribution of the tumours. 1. In 40% of the 1000 resected patients a delay of findings in roentgenograms may be pointed out. 2. Lung cancer is the best discovered by x-ray examination. 69% of 1000 resectable patients, suffering from lung cancer, were discovered by the people's x-ray screening (VRRU). Nevertheless 45-50% of these VRRU-cases are showing a delaying of findings in roentgenograms by more than 6 months. Even in patients, discovered by clinical symptoms, a delaying of findings after x-ray examinations was found, 26% of these patients showing abnormal x-ray findings at the time of diagnosis existing but unheeded already for 6 or more than 24 months. 3. In 10-15% of the cases resection could not be done to delaying of findings in roentgenograms. 4. In most cases the focus of peripheral tumours in roentgenograms is delayed (in 50% for 6 to more than 24 months). 5. In 74% of cases in women a roentgenographic delay was found by 6 to more than 24 months. As a matter of fact, only 10% of all patients were women. 6. Among the central tumours with plain densities the squamous cell carcinomata had findings markedly longer before diagnosis than small cell carcinomata. Among the peripheral tumours alveolar cell carcinoma and adenocell carcinoma are the longest delayed, followed by small (oat) cell carcinoma, polymorph cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. 7. Positive unheeded x-ray screening series under 6 months remained unregarded in our analysis. But even these series might be still improved. As a conclusion is stated: the detection and prognosis of lung cancer might be improved a) by increasing the quality of reading and interpretation of the VRRU, b) by differentiating the x-ray-intervals according to the risk of lung cancer in each person, c) by a constant algorithm in the diagnosis of suspect findings in roentgenograms.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1983

[Effectiveness of photofluorography screening studies in the early detection of bronchial carcinoma].

Report on results of a prospective study for earlier detection of peripheral and central bronchial carcinoma by fluorography performed for 6 years. In 1972 41,532 men of the age groups 1907 to 1937 were enrolled in the study group examined every 6 months. They were compared statistically and clinically to a control group of 102,348 persons of about the same sex and age distribution examined every two years by mass-x-ray. 1. By fluorographic screening the detection and resection rate in the study group was significantly increased. The percentage of resections was double as high as in the control group. 2. The higher detection rate especially in the younger age groups (40 to 54 years) of the study group caused an increase of the resection rate being three times higher than in the corresponding age group of the control population. 3. 67.5% of the persons with resection in the study group and 49.5% in the control group came to a life expectancy of more than three years. A 5 years healing after resection was attained by 23 of 42 resected patients of the study group and by 15 among 46 of the control group (55% to 32%). 4. Fluorography in 6 months intervals led to an increase of lower tumor stages. 5. At present fluorographic examinations showed to be the only mode of detection with good chances of resection as well in the study as in the control group, case-finding with clinical methods offering only small chances. 6. Among the patients resected in the study group the histological type of adenocarcinoma was rather frequent in 26.0%, parvicellular carcinoma amounting to 13.5%, on the other hand in the control group these types could be found with the same frequency in 16.8%. 7. The own results are reviewed with national and international investigations. Fluorographic examinations of selected risk groups (males between 40 and 70 years) in short intervals have proved to be at present the only method of finding bronchial carcinoma in time with some effectivity. 8. The effectivity of mass-x-ray-examinations must be improved a) by aimed examinations of risk groups, b) by improving the operational approach of fluorography using a special data bank of inhabitants, c) by reducing the medical protraction still high up to diagnosing bronchial cancer, d) by using the computer controlled risk aimed x-ray-examination for a complex screening programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Thrombocyte changes in electrically induced experimental thrombosis].

The influence of the function of the thrombocytes after electrical thrombosis induction by means of anodic direct current was investigated in 39 mongrel dogs. The platelet factor 3, the rotation thromboelastography, and the collagen induced thrombocytes aggregation in the optical test by Born was examined. The platelet factor 3 adhering on the thrombocytes decreased from 95% to 49% in the course of the thrombosis induction. Its activity was provable by means of the rotation thrombelastogram in the plasma. Besides of it the electrical field caused an activation of the thrombocytes which corresponds to a contact activation on foreign body surfaces. The collagen induced aggregation ability of the thrombocytes remains unaffected after the passage of the electrical field.

Animals↗