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Biomedical subjects

J Weill

Publications and source records attributed to J Weill.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Increase in the desialylated forms of serum transferrin and alcohol consumption].

In order to study a possible modification, secondary to alcohol consumption, of the distribution of various molecular forms of transferrin, we have compared its total serum concentration with that of several fractions in reference groups and excessive drinkers. The study was conducted in 50 patients; 35 drinkers admitted for detoxication, and 15 in the control group. The percentage of transferrin focalizing at pH 5.7 (Tf 5.7) is significantly higher in drinkers while the transferrin concentration is almost unchanged. During the weaning period, we observed a significant decrease of Tf 5.7 in two weeks. This parameter seems to be extremely sensitive regarding alcohol consumption; its specificity should be evaluated before coming to the conclusion that it present a definite advantage in the screening of excessive drinkers.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Biological markers of alcohol intake among 4796 subjects injured in accidents.

An epidemiological survey was carried out in France in 1982-3 to study the proportions of occasional and chronic drinkers among people injured in accidents of all kinds. The characteristics of 4796 victims recruited in the emergency units of 21 hospitals were recorded. Systematic blood sampling was performed to determine the blood alcohol concentration and two markers of chronic alcohol consumption--gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and mean corpuscular volume. Alcohol was present in the blood of 35% of the injured people, with concentrations exceeding 17.4 mmol/l (0.8 g/l) in one man out of four and in one woman out of 10. gamma-Glutamyltransferase values and mean corpuscular volume were also much higher than in a reference population of healthy subjects, indicating that most of the intoxicated subjects were probably chronic drinkers. This was confirmed by a discriminant analysis which showed an overall proportion of 30% of chronic drinkers among casualties. In France, therefore, the policy for preventing accidents should focus on chronic as much as on occasional drinking.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1985

[Cerebral and ocular abnormalities with anterior pituitary insufficiency of familial nature].

Three families presenting one or several cases of brain or ophthalmic abnormalities and an hypopituitarism at least by one of the members have been observed. In the first family, the mother and one of her sons present bilateral choroidoretineal coloboma with amblyopia; one of these two suffers as well from panhypopituitarism. In the second family two premature twins, a brother and his sister, present a syndrome with hypophyseal dwarfism and ophthalmic abnormalities, consisting in the boy's case in an peripapillary depigmentation with no visible sight trouble whereas girl's is showing an extreme microphthalmia with major mental retardation. In the third family two 2nd degree cousins present a panhypopituitarism but only one of the two reveals through neuroradiological investigations corpus callosum and septum lucidum agenesia. The karyotype is normal in all the cases. An hereditary mechanism appears clearly in the first family. It is possible in the second, probable in the third one.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Glucosyl and galactosyl transferase activities of diabetic (db/db) and obese (ob/ob) mice kidneys.

1. Glucosyl and galactosyl activities were determined in kidney cortex tissue prepared from two strains of mice, genetically diabetic and obese mice. 2. These activities were measured as a function of ageing between 6 weeks and 13 months. 3. For both strains glucosyl transferase activity was shown to increase with respect to ageing whereas galactosyl transferase activity decreased at the same time. 4. These changes of enzymatic activities would suggest that a smaller increase of hydroxylysine-linked glycans than expected was observed under these pathological conditions.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

The early detection and secondary prevention of alcoholism in France.

The conceptual foundation and structural development of a major secondary prevention program established in France to screen, diagnose and treat persons in the prodromal stages of alcoholism are described. Also discussed are the application and validity of a simple examination procedure used to identify alcoholics in this program.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Role of glutamate dehydrogenase in the biological detection of excessive drinkers].

384 hospitalized patients of both sexes were classified into drinkers and non-drinkers according to clinical criteria. On admission, we measured four blood parameters : glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase and the mean corpuscular volume. the discriminating power of these laboratory parameters was evaluated by descriptive statistical tests and by the determination of their positive and negative predictive value. Glutamate dehydrogenase appears to present a sensitivity almost equivalent to that of gamma glutamyl transferase and a better specificity : this results in a more positive predictive value. The two other laboratory parameters are less discriminating.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1983

[Transient leukoblastosis and dysmegakariocytopoiesis with clone 46, XX+21, t(5;7), in a newborn infant with trisomy 21].

A case of transient leukemoid reaction in a child with Down's syndrome with the presence of leukoblasts in the blood at birth is reported. The karyotype established on culture of lymphocytes and fibroblasts was characterized by a chromosomic formula 47, XX,21+. The karyotype established on day 13 of life on cultured bone marrow showed a trisomic 21 abnormal clone with 46 chromosomes resulting from a translocation of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 7, which gave the chromosomic formula: 46, XX, -5, -7,t (5 qter leads to cen leads to 7 qter), +21. This clone was present in spontaneous blood mitoses. It disappeared on day 75 of life as well as the abnormal leukoblasts. The peculiarity of this case in due to the presence of an aneuploid clone and the association of a leukemoid reaction and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis both of which were transient.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1983

[Transitory leukemoid reaction with regressive clonal course in a mongoloid newborn infant].

A neonate with Down's syndrome presented with partial blast infiltration that spontaneously regressed without relapse at age 6 months. Sequential cytogenetic studies of cells in blood and bone marrow initially showed presence of a clone with 46 chromosomes and reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 5 and 7. This clone and the hematologic abnormality later disappeared simultaneously. Two explanations may be suggested: a defect in the maturation of normal blasts due to abnormal environment in the bone marrow, or an intrinsic abnormality of hematopoietic cells. The case reported would favor the second hypothesis.

Chromosomes, Human, 4-5↗
PubMed1982

A refined quaternary structure of Androctonus australis Hemocyanin.

The quaternary structure of the (4 X 6)-mer hemocyanin from the Scorpion Androctonus australis previously published [Lamy, J., Bijlholt, M. M. C., Sizaret, P.-Y., Lamy, J., and van Bruggen, E. F. J. (1981) Biochemistry, 20, 1849-1856] has been refined. The relative positions in the half molecule of subunits Aa 3A and Aa 3B compared to those of Aa 3C and Aa 5B have been established by double labeling of the (2 X 6)-mer with binary mixtures of subunit-specific Fab fragments. The results show that subunits Aa 3B and Aa 5B are located in the same hexamer while Aa 3A and Aa 3C are in the other half of the (2 X 6)-mer. The choice of the enantiomer was deduced from a careful examination of electron micrographs of the native molecule. Finally a position was assigned to each of the 24 subunits on the flip and flop faces as defined by Van Heel and Frank [Ultramicroscopy, 6, 187-194 (1981)].

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Management of primary hypothyroidism in childhood treated with thyroid extract (author's transl)].

In a group of 19 children with primary hypothyroidism who were treated with thyroid extract, linear relationships were found between blood thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels and the dose of thyroid extract adjusted for surface area. Thus it is likely that the composition of thyroid extract is homogeneous and that the metabolism of thyroid hormones in the patients is similar. Thyroxine (T4) was the most reliable parameter for monitoring treatment as T3 levels were elevated in patients who were otherwise euthyroid. T3 uptake was rather insensitive but the free thyroxine index agreed well with the T4 level. A negative linear semilogarithmic correlation was demonstrated between TSH and T4 but not with T3. In some cases TSH was still raised although the T4 had returned to normal. It is postulated that this could be due to thyrotropic cells hyperplasia. TRH tests did not provide any further information. The recommended dose of thyroid extract which is needed to raise the T4 above the lower limit of normal for age (-2 SD) can be calculated from the regression of T4 and dose of thyroid extract. The mean value was 8.49 +/- 0.86 cg/m2.

Adolescent↗