Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Weber

Publications and source records attributed to J Weber.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper gastrointestinal tract: endoscopic incidence, appearance and clinical significance].

Heterotopia is understood as the occurrence of locally atypical tissue. Heterotopic gastric mucosa may occur throughout the whole GI-tract. In an unselected series of upper GI-endoscopies 6.3% of heterotopic gastric mucosa could be detected. Main localisation was the upper esophagus with 70%, followed by the duodenal bulb with approximately 25%. In 86% histological proof of ectopic mucosa was possible. In the esophagus the lesion looks like a red spot, in the duodenal bulb in contrast more like polypoid formations without discoloration. In our experience there is no significant relation of heterotopic mucosa to clinical symptoms. The clinical significance of heterotopic gastric mucosa however may be underscored by its possible complications.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1986

Recombinant interferon alpha 2 stimulation of target-binding by natural killer cells.

Even though the enhancement of the lyitc capacity and the kinetics of lysis of natural killer cells (NK) by interferon has been well documented, an increase of the target-effector cell binding percentage is still disputed. We, therefore, modified the Grimm-Bonavida single-cell assay so that 400 to 600 cells per individual determination could be reliably evaluated. Using this assay, which makes possible separate determination of effector-target cell binding and target lysis, we demonstrated that, in addition to lytic capacity, target-effector cell binding is also increased by preincubating NK with 100 to 1,000 IU interferon alpha 2 per 10(6) cells. Our data indicate that interferon alpha 2 induces pre-NK cells to bind target cells and that it activates these pre-NK cells to kill the targets.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

The use of noncontraceptive hormones before onset of joint disease was compared between 490 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis and a control group of 659 women with soft-tissue rheumatologic disorders and/or osteoarthritis. Both groups were sampled randomly from the attendees of five rheumatologic clinics. A negative association was found between the onset of rheumatoid arthritis and the previous use of noncontraceptive hormones (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.64). This association persisted on univariate and multivariate control of potentially confounding variables and on subgroup analysis. The protective effect of oral contraceptives on the development of rheumatoid arthritis was confirmed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Colonic transit time of radiopaque markers and rectoanal manometry in patients complaining of constipation.

Transit time, rectoanal manometry, and symptoms were studied in 61 patients complaining of constipation. A slow transit, in the colonic area of most of the patients, was found in 49. Rectoanal manometry was abnormal in 40. Both examinations were abnormal in 32 patients, colonic transit only in 17, and manometry only in eight. Finally, both examinations were normal in only four subjects. A transit delay was always associated with less than three stools per week, and straining at stool was constant when rectoanal manometric disturbances were shown. Objective abnormalities appear common in patients complaining of constipation and, correlated with symptoms, suggest that clinical study in constipation could be of more value than usually is believed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ketoconazole-resistant Candida esophagitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Although ketoconazole has been shown to be effective in treating esophageal candidiasis in other immunodeficiency states, similar studies have not been reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Six patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and oral and esophageal candidiasis who had been treated with ketoconazole for more than 2 mo were evaluated with barium esophagram and endoscopy with biopsy and brush cytology. All of the patients had persistent Candida esophagitis. In 2 patients, fungal cultures and sensitivity testing indicated Candida albicans resistant to ketoconazole in vitro. In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, esophageal candidiasis may not resolve with up to 6 mo of ketoconazole therapy and may require more vigorous antifungal therapy than in patients with other immunodeficiency states.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Immunological cross-reactivity of adenovirus structural proteins.

The interserotypic cross-reactivity of adenovirus-specific antisera was examined on Western blots of virion proteins. The pattern of cross-reactivity was very complex. Virion polypeptides III, VI and the core VII were the major reactants. Generally, the degree of reactivity correlated with type and subgroup specificity.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1986

Possible role of ADP-ribosylation of adenovirus core proteins in virus infection.

We have investigated the role of poly(ADP)-ribosylation of adenoviral proteins in virus infection. Viral core proteins V and the precursor to protein VII were shown to be in vivo and in vitro acceptors of ADP-ribose. In vivo ADP-ribosylation was restricted to viral proteins as the histones were not labeled during the late phase of infection. The ADP-ribosylated core proteins were assembled into mature virus particles. In vitro ADP-ribosylation of adenoviral core proteins performed with purified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase led to relaxation of the chromatin structure of both ts1 and wild type pyridine cores and pentonless particles and triggered the complete dissociation of wild type particles. A critical role for poly(ADP)-ribosylation in virus infection was confirmed by measuring the effect of the inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide and nicotinamide on virus particle yield and infectivity. Both inhibitors depressed particle yield by up to 9-fold, but infectivity was reduced by up to 10(4)-fold. These results suggest that ADP-ribosylation of adenovirus core proteins may have a role in virus decapsidation.

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗
PubMed1986

[Glaucoma perimetry--optimization of test point patterns with an information index].

An experimental clinical study on 274 glaucomatous eyes was performed to investigate extensively the relation between test point patterns and information in glaucoma. We used the Humphrey Field Analyzer 620 and a special high-density pattern of 165 points containing all classic patterns of threshold perimetry (31, 32, 61). By deleting points the classic patterns, as well as other patterns, were deduced and compared. Using objective criteria, we measured the frequency of scotoma detection, modification, and refinement that occurred with pattern condensation in different areas. The average gain of information by new points, expressed by an information index, showed an exponential decrease with increasing spatial resolution. Also, the information index decreased toward the periphery for the same step. Optimal patterns, which have an equilibrated information index in all areas, should be denser in the center and coarser at the periphery. Two of these, a 3 degrees-4.2 degrees-6 degrees pattern (called "30-S") and a 4.2 degrees-6 degrees-8.5 degrees pattern ("half 30-S") were compared to the classic patterns and appeared to be superior, best demonstrable in the detection rate: each of the classic patterns (31, 32) missed 15% of the early glaucomatous defects, the adequate central condensed pattern only half of this. In the combination the classic patterns still missed 2.5% of the early defects; the corresponding central condensed pattern missed none. Moreover, these central condensed patterns have fewer points, so that test time is shorter. Changing to these patterns during follow-up is no problem, because this new family of test patterns is deduced from the classic patterns and corresponds in the majority of test locations.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1986

Salvage of the exposed breast implant.

Exposure of silicone breast implants may occur as a result of hematoma and infection, inadequate soft tissue coverage, use of steroids, or trauma. In various series the incidence of severe complications is reported to range from 1% to 4%. When exposure of the implant has occurred, most authors recommend removal with replacement four to six months later. In 11 patients we successfully salvaged the exposed breast implant. The technique was initially presented in 5 patients in 1974. Successful salvage of the exposed implant involved (1) wound cultures with preoperative and postoperative antibiotic therapy, (2) excisional debridement of the skin wound, (3) open capsulotomy to relieve tension, (4) wound irrigation with neomycin-polymyxin or povidone-iodine, (5) closed catheter drainage, and (6) replacement with a sterile prosthesis. Secondary closure of these wounds was successful in all of the patients. Of the 11 patients, 9 were seen at two years postoperatively with results comparable in appearance and softness to the opposite breast. One of the patients required subsequent bilateral capsulotomies for firmness. The use of this technique is recommended for selected patients in whom there are no systemic problems related to wound healing and in whom sufficient soft tissue coverage is possible.

Breast↗
PubMed1986

AIDS: otolaryngological presentation in the high-risk male homosexual.

Since the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981 it has become a subject of increasing clinical importance. Patients with AIDS and related conditions often present with symptoms and signs in the head and neck region. This paper presents the experience of a joint consultation service run between the Departments of Otolaryngology and Venereology at St Mary's Hospital and discusses the clinical features seen in this group of patients. Statistical indicators predict a large increase in the number of cases of AIDS seen in the United Kingdom and the presentation of at-risk patients, particularly homosexuals, to otolaryngologists outside specialized centres is likely to occur with increasing frequency. A knowledge of the modes of presentation and the precautions necessary in undertaking operative treatment of otolaryngological conditions will therefore become mandatory.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Group C adenovirus DNA sequences in human lymphoid cells.

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy adults, cord blood lymphocytes, and lymphoblastoid cell lines were screened by hybridization for the presence of group C adenovirus DNA sequences. In 13 of 17 peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from adults, 1 of 10 cord blood samples, and seven of seven lymphoblastoid cell lines tested, results were positive for Group C adenovirus DNA (adenovirus 1 [Ad1], Ad2, Ad5, or Ad6). About 1 to 2% of the lymphocytes carried 50 to 100 viral genome copies per positive cell, as estimated by in situ hybridization. Infectious virus representing all members of group C were recovered, but cultivation in the presence of adenovirus antibody did not cure the cells of free viral genomes. Viral DNA was found in B, T, and N cells but only in 1 of 10 cord blood samples. The results suggest that group C adenovirus infections in childhood result in the persistence of the viral genome in circulating lymphocytes.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1986

Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Of 22 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, 16 had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The histological pattern in AIDS differs from the more familiar classical Kaposi's sarcoma. The features most useful in making the diagnosis are: dissection of collagen; lymphatic vessel like spaces; angiomatoid lesions; premonitory sign; and spindle cell proliferation. It is important to examine multiple levels of small biopsy specimens and to be cautious in making the diagnosis of patch Kaposi's sarcoma in the presence of recent or healed ulceration and at sites of previous trauma. Only four of 16 patients with AIDS had evidence of systemic Kaposi's sarcoma, supporting the view that Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS does not necessarily have an aggressive clinical course.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

What is the most suitable grid for computer perimetry in glaucoma patients?

100 eyes with suspected or proven glaucoma were examined with the Humphrey Field Analyzer 620 with 30-1 and 30-2 threshold tests, complementary 6 degrees grids which combine to a 4.2 degrees grid. The two tests were compared with each other in the resulting 68 pathological fields. 29 of them showed obvious differences in detection of scotomas. In 11 fields, the differences were so great that isolated consideration would have led to an incorrect staging of the glaucoma. Therefore, at present both tests should be applied in glaucoma cases. The frequency of different scotoma detection per test location was more than 10 times higher in the center than in the periphery. It is suggested that a program is developed with a 3 degrees grid within 10 degrees eccentricity, a 4.2 degrees grid between 10 degrees and 20 degrees and a 6 degrees grid between 20 degrees and 30 degrees eccentricity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

HTLV-III/LAV viral antigens in lymph nodes of homosexual men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and AIDS.

The presence of core antigens of retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV, referred to as "AIDS-related virus" (AV), has been sought in lymph node samples of patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL, 28 patients), prodromal AIDS (1 patient) and AIDS with Kaposi sarcoma (3 patients). In 30 patients the deposition of viral antigens, detected by monoclonal antibodies to HTLV-III and LAV, could be observed within the germinal centers (GCs) primarily within the extracellular network of immune complexes, and the two patients who were negative were atypical. No AV could be found in normal tonsil or in samples with follicular hyperplasia of unknown etiology (20 cases). These findings, taken together with the ultrastructural identification of typical retrovirus particles in all 9 PGL and 2 AIDS cases studied, indicates that the network of follicular dendritic (FD) cells is an important reservoir of AV virus antigen at this site. The persistence of this retrovirus inside the GCs helps explain how the follicular hyperplasia affecting FD cells and B blasts in PGL may in progressive cases be accompanied by destruction of FD cells and gradual development of T4+ lymphopenia. T4+ T cells may circulate through the GCs and become infected with AV there. In addition, the identification of retrovirus antigen in situ may be of diagnostic value.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗