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Biomedical subjects

J Weber

Publications and source records attributed to J Weber.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Radiopaque markers transit and anorectal manometry in 16 patients with multiple sclerosis and urinary bladder dysfunction.

Fecal incontinence and/or constipation are frequent complaints in multiple sclerosis associated with urinary bladder dysfunction, incontinence, and/or retention. Total and segmental colonic transit were studied by determination of radiopaque markers, and anorectal function by anorectal manometry, in 16 multiple sclerosis patients clinically defined (with urinary bladder dysfunction shown by urodynamic examination). Fifteen multiple sclerosis patients had constipation and 14 had increased colonic transit time; ten multiple sclerosis patients had fecal incontinence and five had spontaneous rectal contractions. It is suggested that increased colonic transit and anorectal dysfunction were secondary to neurologic disorders just as urinary bladder dysfunction is due to neurologic disorders in multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Biofeedback training for constipation in adults and children.

Forty-two patients complaining of constipation with abnormal anorectal motility were studied: 20 children and 6 adult females had a decreased rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) amplitude and 16 adult females had anal hypertonia and ultra slow waves (USW). Biofeedback training was used to condition the patients to relax the anal sphincter during the desire to defecate. After two to eight (mean, 4) training sessions, the authors observed simultaneously a normal RAIR amplitude and recovery from constipation for at least six months in 15 children and five females with decreased RAIR amplitude. Nine of the adult females with hypertonia and USW were able to suppress USW but did not recover from constipation. The data suggest that biofeedback training could be useful in some groups of constipated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of the beta-blockers timolol and pindolol on retinal hemodynamics--a videoangiography study].

In a randomized double-blind study the effect of locally applied pindolol 1% and timolol 0.5% on ocular hemodynamics was tested in 19 subjects. The method used was videoangiography, which permits a quantitative analysis of the arterial, capillary and venous phases of retinal circulation. In addition to videoangiography, the Blue Field Entoptoscope was used for a simultaneous quantitative study of retinal microcirculation. The investigation showed a statistically significant negative effect of both beta-blockers on nearly all retinal circulation times as well as on microcirculation in the macular area. It could not be shown that ISA (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) prevents the negative effect of the beta-blockers on retinal hemodynamics.

Angiography↗
PubMed1987

AIDS, HIV and women--the next five years.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by an RNA retrovirus (HIV-1) and is readily transmitted heterosexually. The viral receptor is a differentiation antigen on the surface of a class of immunologically active cells including T 'helper' lymphocytes, some macrophages and antigen presenting cells. HIV may be transmitted vertically and viral antigens have been demonstrated in the placenta. Infants of infected mothers have at least a 60% probability of acquiring HIV in utero. The normal latent period after infection is between 2 and 5 years, and it is estimated that for every case of AIDS, 50-100 people may be infected. Extrapolation of these estimates suggest 1,000,000 may already be infected and the established risk group for AIDS may not reflect the pattern of present infection. In Central and East Africa there now appears to be an epidemic of enormous proportions. Oocytes and spermatozoa are not attacked by the HIV virus but associated lymphocytes or monocytes may be infected. Screening for HIV for semen donation is mandatory and precautions for infection with HIV should follow procedures adopted for hepatitis B virus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Somatostatin effect on rectal muscle in human healthy volunteers.

The effect of somatostatin on the rectal muscle has been studied in 15 healthy volunteers who received on 2 separate days and in a random order a continuous 1-hour infusion somatostatin (250 micrograms initially as an intravenous bolus and then 250 micrograms/h via infusion) or placebo (saline 0.15 M). Our results show that somatostatin significantly reduces the rectal basal tone after 30 and 50 min of infusion without modifying the rectal distensibility. Although they were obtained through a pharmacological increase of plasma somatostatin levels, these data suggest that somatostatin could play a part in the reservoir function of the rectum.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The development of a surveillance system to monitor emergency food relief in New York State.

A representative sample of emergency food relief (EFR) programs was selected on the basis of a census of 1,488 EFR programs in New York State. The census was a two-stage telephone survey. EFR was provided in every county although there was considerable variation in the amount of EFR per county. The soup kitchen and food pantry components of EFR had to be differentiated. The surveillance system was operational one year after the census began.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1987

AIDS: the virus, antivirals and vaccines.

The speed of research into the pathogenesis of AIDS is breathtaking, and it is now possible to review potential therapeutic approaches against the AIDS virus. This review concentrates upon antiviral drugs and vaccine development.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Antiasthmatic effects of onions. Inhibition of platelet-activating factor-induced bronchial obstruction by onion oils.

Lyophilized onion extract and ether extracts of onions were separated by chromatographic methods into several subfractions and tested for their effects on asthmatic reactions of guinea pigs to allergen, histamine, acetylcholine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) inhalation as well as on thromboxane biosynthesis of human platelets and lung fibroblasts. Onion oils are counteracting the bronchial obstruction due to PAF inhalation.

Allium↗
PubMed1987

Anticholinergic pharmacological studies of the lower oesophageal sphincter: importance of the technique of pressure recording.

To assess lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) response to anticholinergic drugs, six healthy subjects were repeatedly studied according to two experimental procedures. In Method A, water-filled catheters were infused by a classical syringe pump and the recording assembly permitted only one orifice to be stationed within the LOS. The study was not conducted in a double-blind fashion. Method B was a double-blind study, in which water-filled catheters were infused by a hydraulic infusion system and the recording assembly permitted two or three orifices to be stationed within the LOS. The results showed that: Whatever the method used, LOS responses to pentagastrin (0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 micrograms/kg) were not significantly different under control experiments. With Method A, atropine infusion markedly reduced LOS responses to pentagastrin. With Method B, atropine infusion did not modify LOS responses to pentagastrin. These results raise the possibility that technical factors could account for conflicting reports of the effect of atropine on the pentagastrin-stimulated lower oesophageal sphincter.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Granulomatous lesions of the breast. Their role in inflammatory breast pathology and their relations to lobular granulomatous mastitis].

The authors summarise the clinical notes and histological findings of 17 patients who had inflammatory changes in their breasts and in whom biopsies showed epithelioid granulation tissues with giant cells. Three separate histological tables have been prepared as well as a review of the literature. The paper shows that mixed granulomatous conditions exist, with the sites of the changes being both in the canals and in the lobules. This gives rise to a discussion about the separateness of the condition, which is presumed to be of an autoimmune origin. It is pointed out that there can be an infectious element present.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Changing pattern of drug use in relation to disease duration of rheumatoid arthritis.

The prevalent use of antirheumatic drugs in a cohort of 311 middle aged female patients with seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated. Seropositive patients used a greater amount and more aggressive drugs during each decade of disease duration. The overall use of drugs decreased with disease duration, except for a subgroup of seropositive patients with RA who, with increased disease duration, used more aggressive drugs.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1987

[Controlled obturator nerve block using electrostimulation: prevention of the stimulation of the obturator nerve during resection of the lateral walls of the bladder].

An adductor contraction secondary to obturator nerve stimulation can occur during transurethral resection of a lateral bladder lesion and then can induce bladder perforation or hamper complete resection. Many technique have been advocated but they are ineffective or unreliable. Obturator nerve blockade in the obturator canal by local anesthesia with control by nerve stimulator can prevent these complications. The technique described, has been used in 12 patients it is reliable, fast and easy to perform.

Anesthesia, Local↗