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Biomedical subjects

J W Graham

Publications and source records attributed to J W Graham.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A structured interview for dental school admissions.

The Dental Admission Test Committee of the Canadian Dental Association developed a structured interview instrument for use in the admission process in Canadian dental schools. The interview was structured to elicit standardized information concerning a candidate's personality with regard to motivation, self-appraisal, maturity, ability to relate, adaptability, principles (ethics), sense of responsibility, and personal reaction. In a pilot study for the 1980 admission cycle, the interview was used in the admission process at the University of British Columbia and the University of Alberta. Interrater reliability was established and factor analysis performed. All subsections of the interview loaded on the same factor, indicating that the use of a composite score is preferable to the use of subscores in the assessment process. Validity studies will be performed when the accepted candidates have progressed in their dental careers.

Canada↗
PubMed1982

Radiology instruction and use of ionizing radiation in U.S. dental schools.

In fall 1980, the Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association conducted a comprehensive survey of radiology instruction and the use of ionizing radiation in dental education. All 60 dental schools in the United States responded to the survey. Data were collected on course objectives, course content, clock hours of instruction, radiology content in other clinical courses, the number, educational background, and years of teaching experience of radiology faculty, clinical requirements in radiology and the measures used to assess student competency, and the use of radiographs in providing patient care. Attention was directed to practices used in monitoring radiation protection and hygiene. These data provide a frame of reference for evaluating the status of radiology instruction at the respective schools. More important, they provide faculty with a baseline for determining what changes, if any, are needed in the current radiology curriculum.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1982

Infrapopliteal bypass grafting: use of upper limb vein alone and in autogenous composite grafts.

Thirty-seven consecutive vein grafts to the infrapopliteal arteries are reviewed. Upper limb vein was used in each case, either for the entire graft (27%) or in combination with saphenous vein (73%). The grafts were inserted during a 10-year period and constituted 8.6% of the lower limb grafts carried out during this time. There was one postoperative death (2.7%). The patency rate at 3 years was 58 +/- 9.5% and at 5 years 49.1 +/- 11.5%. Indications for the use of upper limb vein in these situations are considered, and the results are compared with those obtainable with other materials. Upper limb vein can provide a satisfactory arterial substitute in the lower limb, and it may occasionally be the material of choice.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Vein grafts to the peroneal artery.

A series of 58 consecutive vein grafts to the peroneal artery is reviewed. The grafts were part of a total series of 144 attached to the tibial and peroneal vessels over a 10-year period for advanced ischemia. The initial salvage rate was 86%, the operative mortality rate was 3.4%, and cumulative patency rates at 12 and 36 months were 69.4% and 50.6%, respectively. The indications for the operation, techniques employed, and results are considered. The peroneal artery has valuable potential in the revascularization of the severely ischemic lower limb.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1979

An analysis of the decline in dental school applicants, 1975-1978.

There has been a significant reduction over the past three years in the number of applicants to dental school. This paper, which is based on an analysis of over 30 variables contained in the American Association of Dental Schools Application Service data bases for the 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978 entering class years, indicates that only four of these variables are related to the decline in applicants: (1) region of parents' residence, (2) grade point average, (3) college major, and (4) parents' socio-economic status. The decline in applicants from the socio-economic lower middle class documented here once again raises the possibility that access to dental education is being denied to the economically disadvantaged.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1979

Oral surgeons in full-time private practice.

The most prevalent type of practice of oral surgeons is full-time private practice. Its characteristics as obtained from data of The Manpower Survey of Oral Surgery in 1974 are described in this article. The number of offices or type of practice (solo or group) was not correlated significantly with the age of oral surgeons. The factor of reason for practice location had no influence on the factors of size of population where the practice was located, size of the trade area where practice was located, or annual income. The factor of average annual income indicated that the greatest income was earned by oral surgeons who were between the ages of 40 and 50 and whose practice was located in a population area of between 250,000 and 500,000. Annual income was also influenced by number of years in a practice location up to about five years. After that, years in a location had little influence. The question of adding a partner influenced younger oral surgeons more than older ones. More oral surgeons in solo practice intended to add a partner than oral surgeons in group practice. Neither the population of the city where a practice was located nor the waiting period for admission to a hospital for patients who needed elective surgery influenced significantly the plans of oral surgeons in full-time private practice with regard to the addition of an associate. The opinion of oral surgeons in full-time private practice with regard to methods of increasing the effectiveness of practice also was reviewed. A large proportion of oral surgeons in full-time private practice believed that they needed more training in outpatient ambulatory general anesthesia and more time rotating in internal medicine and general surgery. They stated that, in general, their preparation in activities of a professional nature was adequate but that their preparation in activities of an administrative nature was inadequate. Attendance of oral surgeons at professional meetings was not influenced by age, population of the city where their practice was located, population of trade area where their practice was located, or professional income. The majority of oral surgeons thought that there was enough dental manpower to meet the demand for oral surgery service. Age had no significant influence on this opinion. Oral surgeons in population areas of less than 150,000 were less inclined to think there was excessive manpower in the dental specialties than those in population areas of more than 150,000.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Oral surgeons in geographic regions and selected metropolitan areas.

Region of practice location and size of the metropolitan area where a practice is located have been considered important manpower variables. This report of The Manpower Survey of Oral Surgery in 1974 described the relationship of these two variables to various other characteristics of the practice of oral surgery. Geographic region of the respondents and population of the practice location appeared to influence each other to some extent. There was a small but significant relationship between geographic region and age for 2,251 oral surgeons as well as for the 1,584 in full-time private practice. A similar relationship was observed between population of trade area and age. In each situation, the relationship was not consistent enough to describe a definite trend in the relationship. Both geographic region and population of trade area were associated to a small extent with variations in the professional income of oral surgeons. In New England oral surgeons seemed to earn less than expected whereas in the East North Central states they earned more than expected. There was a significant relationship between geographic region, population of trade area, and type of practice. In the eastern part of the United States, there was a tendency for fewer oral surgeons than statistically expected to establish a solo practice. There was some relationship between geographic region and hours devoted to practice for all oral surgeons as well as for those in full-time private practice. Three regions, West North Central, West South Central, and South Atlantic, had significantly more oral surgeons than statistically expected working more than 50 hours/week, whereas three other regions, East North Central, Mountain, and Pacific, had significantly fewer than statistically expected working more than 50 hours/week. In most areas except New England and the West North Central states, geographic region had no association with the average amount of inpatient or outpatient services the respondents provided. Geographic region appeared to influence the average number of surgical procedures performed. It also had some relationship to the incorporation of dental practice and the distribution of dental staff at the principle hospital used by the respondents. According to the 1974 estimated population for calculating the expected frequencies, there were more active members than expected in the American Society of Oral Surgeons in the New England, Middle Atlantic, and Pacific states and fewer than expected in the West North Central, East South Central, and Mountain states. More respondents than expected on the west coast took two weeks or less of vacation whereas more respondents than statistically expected on the east coast took more than three weeks of vacation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparisons of solo practices and group practices.

This report of The Manpower Survey of Oral Surgery in 1974 showed that the type of practice, namely solo practice or group practice, had many effects on the characteristics of the practice of oral surgery. It affected significantly the number of offices an oral surgeon had. More oral surgeons in solo practice tended to have a single office than those in group practice. Oral surgeons over 35 years of age and in group practice tended, in general, to have a higher income than those in solo practice. There was a slight tendency for group practices to increase with the size of trade area served. Oral surgeons in group practices reported that they employed more full-time equivalent staff, but there were proportionately fewer full-time equivalent staff members per oral surgeon. Group practices tended to be located in metropolitan areas. Oral surgeons in group practice seemed to perform a larger number of surgical procedures than those in solo practice. They also seemed to spend more time in travel between home and place of work. More oral surgeons under 40 years of age in solo practice indicated that they planned to add an associate or partner in the next five years than those over 40 years of age or those in group practice.

Adult↗