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Biomedical subjects

J W Carter

Publications and source records attributed to J W Carter.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The responses of plasma biochemical parameters to a 56-km race in novice and experienced ultra-marathon runners.

A number of blood biochemical parameters, including the activities of the plasma enzymes creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, were measured in 23 athletes before, and immediately after a 56-km running race. Of the 23 athletes, 18 had previously completed standard 42-km marathon or longer (up to 90-km) ultra-marathon races, whereas not one of the other five athletes had previously run in a long-distance race. After the race, plasma CK and ASAT activities had both risen at least 280% more in the novice runners despite their much slower mean running speed (9.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 13.8 +/- 0.3 hm/h). There were no other inter-group differences in the absolute levels of the other measured biochemical parameters, although the rise in plasma calcium during the race was significantly greater in the experienced marathon runners. This study shows that either higher levels of training, or previous ultra-marathon racing experience, or both, is associated with lower immediate post-exercise levels of plasma enzyme activity. This is compatible with the finding that physical training reduces post-exercise plasma enzyme levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Acutely administered polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) decrease splenic cellularity but increase its ability to cause graft-versus-host reactions in BALB/c mice.

A single intraperitoneal injection of 1000 mg/kg body weight of a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1242) to adult male BALB/cc mice caused not only a relative spleen enlargement, but also an absolute spleen lymphocyte depletion. However, there was an enrichment of spleen T cells necessary to cause a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in (C3H x BALB/c) F1 neonates. The effect was present 6 days after PCB administration and was no longer present on days 12-13. These studies suggest a transient effect of acutely administered PCBs on splenic lymphocytes (B cells, null cells, some T cells) other than mature GVH inducing T cells. The effect may be either similar to or possibly indirectly mediated by corticosteroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Infectious mononucleosis in the older patient.

Six cases of infectious mononucleosis in patients more than 60 years old were reviewed. The geriatric patient with infectious mononucleosis often presents with nonspecific constitutional symptoms, without exudative pharyngitis. The disease may present as fever of obscure origin or mimic chronic lymphocytic leukemia in this age group. Diagnosis is established through characteristic findings on hematologic and serologic studies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Biochemical parameters in athletes before and after having run 160 kilometres.

A number of biochemical and haematological parameters, including plasma electrolytes, parameters of hepatic and renal function, plasma enzymes and free fatty acids were measured in 13 athletes before and after a 160-km 24-hour race. The runners were divided into 2 groups: group A, who competed the 160 km within 24 hours and group B, who either ran for 24 hours, or who retired before completing the distance. Minimal changes were found in the plasma electrolyte patterns in either group, whereas blood urea and creatinine levels increased during the race. The plasma enzymes increased to varying extents, the greatest increases being in lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and the skeletal muscle specific MM isoenzyme of creatinine phosphokinase. Total bilirubin also increased, but no conclusive evidence of hepatic decompensation was found. Plasma free fatty acids levels were very markedly raised in 12 of the runners, the highest increases occurring in group A. All runners ingested carbohydrate during the race and this probably explains why the blood glucose levels increased slightly but remained within normal limits in all the athletes at the end of the race.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Shipboard medicine on package cruises.

Cheap package cruises have become very popular in Great Britain, but the ships used for these cruises are often not suitable for elderly, handicapped, and mentally unfit people. The cruises run to very tight schedules with many strenuous shore excursions, and do not necessarily constitute restful holidays at sea. Many passengers who embark on these cruises are suffering from pre-existing diseases, which may become exacerbated during the voyage. Such patients should be forewarned and should be equipped by their doctors with a covering letter giving full details of their medical condition and its treatment.

Aged↗