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Biomedical subjects

J V Soames

Publications and source records attributed to J V Soames.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Malignant tumours of the parotid gland: a 12-year review.

Malignant parotid tumours are uncommon and present a significant management challenge. Fifty-one such patients (25 male, 26 female, median age 64 years) operated on in the Newcastle Plastic Surgery Unit between 1983 and 1994 were retrospectively evaluated. Preoperative investigations included FNA cytology (n = 20), and for staging CT and/or MRI scans (n = 21). Of the 35 primary tumours 32 were epithelial and three lymphomatous. Metastatic tumours were squamous cell carcinoma (7), melanoma (6), renal cell carcinoma (2) and sebaceous carcinoma (1). FNA cytology correctly diagnosed malignancy with an 88% sensitivity (false negatives = 2). A total or radical parotidectomy was required in 60% of patients, the rest undergoing superficial parotidectomy. In continuity neck dissection was undertaken in 23 (45%) cases. Postparotidectomy reconstruction included 10 free, 3 myocutaneous, and 4 local transposition/rotation flaps. Thirty-seven patients (73%) received postoperative radiotherapy. Seventy-two per cent of patients are alive after a mean follow-up of 42 months. The crude 5- and 10-year survival rates were 68% and 49% respectively while the loco-regional control rate (Kaplan-Meier method) at 10 years was 79%. Fifteen patients (30%) have permanent facial palsy. It is concluded that radical surgery with appropriate reconstruction followed by planned postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy gives effective control of malignant parotid tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Adnexal adenocarcinoma of the upper lip.

A case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of adnexal origin in the upper lip of a man aged 75 is reported which on presentation and initial biopsy was thought to be a salivary neoplasm. He had been aware of the lesion for 10 years but had sought treatment because of recent increase in size of the tumour. He subsequently developed bilateral metastases in cervical nodes. The histopathologic features and relationship of the tumour to the orbicularis oris muscle were consistent with a poorly differentiated adnexal adenocarcinoma of sweat-gland origin. Although carcinomas of skin adnexae are rare they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumours in the orofacial region.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Odontodysplasia, gingival manifestations, and accompanying abnormalities.

Regional odontodysplasia is an uncommon developmental dental disorder that may occasionally be accompanied by other abnormalities. A case is described in which the chief report was of a gingival enlargement arising in a female patient who also had dolichocephaly, thin calvarium, clinodactyly and transverse grooving of her fingernails, and a history of abnormal hair. Previously suggested etiologic factors and cases reported in association with other abnormalities are reviewed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Fourth branchial arch fistula.

A case is presented of a rare congenital anomaly of the fourth branchial arch, which presented as an abscess in the anterior triangle, related to a fistula communicating with the pyriform fossa. Histopathological examination showed the fistula to be associated with thyroid tissue supporting the hypothesis that the ventral wing of the fourth pouch contributes to the thyroid gland.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

Sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland.

A report of an 87-year-old Caucasian female with an extensive sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland is presented. The computed tomographic characteristics of this rare neoplasm are reported for the first time.

Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous↗
PubMed1995

Ultrastructural changes in cultured human periodontal ligament cells exposed to dental materials.

The cytopathic effects of a range of dental restorative cements were examined by electron microscopy using an in vitro model with cultured test cells derived from human periodontal ligament. Monolayers were fixed and processed in situ after 2, 24, and 48 h exposure. Many cells showed lysis after two hours exposure consistent with immediate acute injury. Cultures subsequently recovered, reflecting different susceptibilities of cells to injury, and at later stages showed distinct patterns of cell damage in response to different restorative materials. These were related primarily to either cytoplasmic or nuclear damage and to changes resembling apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1995

Morphological changes in cultured human periodontal ligament cells exposed to dental materials.

The cytotoxicity of a range of dental restorative cements was assessed by continuous observation of cultures with inverted microscopy and by light microscopic study of fixed preparations, using an in vitro model with cultured test cells derived from human periodontal ligament. The sequential morphological changes observed over a seven day period showed different degrees of cell loss and patterns of injury in response to different restorative materials, reflecting primarily either nuclear or cytoplasmic damage. Attempts at recovery were frequently identified as the culture period was extended and were characterized by recolonization of denuded areas of the culture well. It was concluded that differing dental cements damage cells through a variety of mechanisms and that the test cells exhibit differing degrees of susceptibility to injury. Assays based on short-term cultures may overestimate cytotoxicity by not allowing for cell recovery from reversible injury or repopulation of monolayers by proliferation of resistant cells.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1995

Morphometric analysis of orbital, buccal and subcutaneous fats: their potential in the treatment of enophthalmos.

Retro-orbital fat volume reduction has been reported in patients with enophthalmos but could be restored by a suitable fat autograft. Buccal and subcutaneous adipose tissues were identified as possible donor sites. Samples of these and of orbital fat were obtained from fresh cadavers, and the relative volumes of collagen and of endothelial cells and the numerical density of mast cells were compared since these might influence graft survival. The results demonstrated strong similarities between orbital and buccal fat which were significantly different from subcutaneous fat. It was concluded that the buccal fat pad would be a more suitable donor site than subcutaneous adipose tissue to replace orbital fat loss and that its use merits further investigation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Morphological and morphometric studies of exfoliated oral squames from chronic inflammatory oral ulcers using light and scanning electron microscopy.

The morphological and morphometric features of exfoliated squames from the margins of chronic oral ulcers were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. A variety of features consistent with a mixture of degenerative changes and regenerative activity were observed. None was sufficiently reliable to distinguish chronic inflammatory from malignant ulcers.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

Feulgen hydrolysis profiles and acid-labile DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The full Feulgen hydrolysis profiles of healthy and malignant oral epithelial cells were compared by measuring the staining density of nuclei using microdensitometry after varying hydrolysis times. Malignant nuclei contained significantly increased levels of acid-labile DNA. The relative amounts of the rapidly hydrolysable fraction were compared after 5 min hydrolysis for exfoliating epithelial cells from healthy oral mucosa, healing chronic ulcers and squamous cell carcinomas. Although the latter exhibited a wide range of values, analysis of variance showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between healthy control and ulcer groups compared to oral carcinoma. The relative proportion of highly acid-labile DNA in malignant nuclei showed a significant positive correlation with mitotic score (P < 0.01) but no significant correlation with nuclear area. It was concluded that since the susceptibility of DNA to acid hydrolysis probably reflects functional differences in nuclear activity between cells, estimation of the highly acid-labile fraction may have diagnostic and/or prognostic value.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

Sialadenosis of the salivary glands.

Sialadenosis (sialosis) is an uncommon, non-inflammatory condition which usually causes bilateral, diffuse enlargement of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid. We present a series of 7 patients with sialadenosis. Two had bilateral and 4 unilateral parotid involvement. One patient had unilateral submandibular gland sialadenosis. One patient had bilateral parotid and bilateral submandibular gland sialadenosis. The clinicopathological features and management of the condition are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

MRI T staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: radiological-pathological correlation.

Fifty patients with primary or suspected recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were examined pre-operatively with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the tumour stage. Pathological correlation was available in all cases. Twenty-five of 35 patients with primary disease were correctly staged (MR Tstage 0-4). In another four patients there was good size correlation between MR and pathology, but two cases had false positive MR interpretation of bone invasion. MRI has proved accurate at excluding the presence of bone invasion (negative predictive value 97%), but a positive scan may not discriminate between tumour and other dental pathology (positive predictive value 67%). Assessment of local extent was otherwise good with invasion of muscles of the floor of the mouth and muscles of mastication always predicted correctly. Salivary gland abnormality was frequent, and MRI correctly distinguished between obstructive sialectasis and direct invasion. The results of MR staging in patients with recurrent disease were less accurate. Where diagnostic scans can be obtained MRI can provide useful information for the surgeon or radiotherapist regarding the local extent of tumour, and may assist in treatment planning. Assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy can be performed as part of same procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Nasal tuberculosis--an increasing problem?

Nasal tuberculosis represents a rare manifestation of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a case is presented together with a review of the literature. The correct management is documented, especially the need to treat the patients as if there was a generalized condition, and the problems concerning drug resistance are also considered. The incidence of this disease is rising and its importance must once again be highlighted.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Leiomyomatous hamartoma of the posterior tongue: a case report.

A case of a rare leiomyomatous hamartoma arising in the posterior tongue of a sixteen-month-old male is reported. There has been no recurrence following simple excision and presenting symptoms of choking on swallowing have resolved. Most other leiomyomatous hamartomas in the upper aerodigestive tract have been reported in Japanese patients and have involved the maxillary gingiva and hard palate.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1995

Effects of radiotherapy on oral epithelium. Quantitative cytology using light and scanning electron microscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the short- and long-term morphologic and morphometric effects of radiotherapy on exfoliated oral squames. STUDY DESIGN: Exfoliating squames were sampled from squamous carcinoma and contralateral clinically healthy sites from patients before and six weeks after radiotherapy and from patients who had received radiotherapy for oral squamous carcinoma five years previously. Morphologic and morphometric studies were undertaken using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Six weeks after radiotherapy, nuclear area was significantly increased in cells from both healed tumor and contralateral sites. No differences were detected in cells from previous tumor and contralateral sites five years after radiotherapy. SEM revealed bizarre microplications in cells from malignant sites, and microplication widths were significantly increased. Occasional cells with atypical patterns were identified six weeks and five years after radiotherapy, but microplication dimensions were comparable to those of cells from contralateral clinically healthy sites. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy produces a transient increase in nuclear area. Abnormal microplication patterns in cells from previous tumor sites five years after radiotherapy may reflect disordered maturation associated with radiation injury.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The role of MRI scanning in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.

In a blind, prospective trial, 42 patients undergoing 51 cervical lymph node dissections for head and neck malignancies were investigated by a preoperative MRI scan. Histological examination of the dissection specimens recorded the distribution, size, percentage of neoplastic involvement and any extra-capsular spread of the sampled nodes. The MRI correctly diagnosed all 17 positive nodes (sensitivity 100%). However it could not differentiate between enlarged reactive and malignant nodes, so there was a significant false positive rate (specificity 53%). Routine use of MRI scans will allow an unnecessary neck dissection to be avoided in a patient with a clinically negative neck who also has a negative MRI scan.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗