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Biomedical subjects

J Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to J Taylor.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Personality testing in 226 patients with urinary incontinence.

Two hundred and twenty-six female patients undergoing investigation for urinary incontinence completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire were correlated with the symptomatology and urodynamic findings. Incontinence and neuroticism were found to be related. No special relationship was found between neuroticism and detrusor overactivity, although this has been reported in other smaller series.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Medication selection errors made by pharmacy technicians in filling unit dose orders.

The selection errors made by pharmacy technicians in filling unit dose orders at University Hospital were recorded to determine the percentage error rate and to categorize the errors detected. Errors were categorized as "incorrect medication", "incorrect dosage", "incorrect dosage form", "omitted medication", or "'extra medication". The relationship of the number of errors with respect to individual wards and the time of medication order filling was also examined. The daily procedure in order filling did not change for the study. Errors were detected and counted after the orders had been filled by the technicians. The time the error occurred and the ward where the incorrect medication would have gone was also recorded. The overall percentage error rate was 1.7% which was consistent for the four time periods studied. However, a rate variability of 0.4 to 4.5% was detected between different wards. "Incorrect dosage" errors were the most frequently occurring errors, followed by "omitted medication", "incorrect medication", "extra medication", and "incorrect dosage form". Medication selection errors should be considered as potential administration errors which could be harmful to the patient.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Prognostically significant classification of immune changes in AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma.

Sixteen immunological parameters were assessed quantitatively for their value in providing an immunologically-based and prognostically significant classification of the immune alteration in 97 patients with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). The dimensions of reductions in the T4 (T helper-inducer cells) subpopulation of lymphoid cells in the T4-T8 ratio were found to correlate most closely with prognosis. Most other immunological changes did not relate to clinical course. T4 lymphocyte levels greater than 300/microL and a T4-T8 ratio greater than 0.5 indicated a relatively good prognosis, eg, 85% to 95% survival at 12 months. T4 levels less than 100/microL and/or a T4-T8 ratio less than 0.2 had a very poor prognosis, eg, less than 25% survival at 12 months. Intermediate T4 levels and T4-T8 ratios had intermediate prognosis. These immunological findings were found to have independent prognostic value for survival when compared with disease classifications based on tumor stage (I through IV) or on clinical status A (without) or B (with fever, night sweats, or weight loss). Reduced proliferative capacity, increased OKT10 antigen expression, elevated levels of serum IgA, and immune complexes also correlated with prognosis. Elevated levels of serum IgG, cellular HLA-DR expression, and skin test anergy occurred frequently in AIDS-KS but did not have prognostic significance. Variations in level of total lymphocyte, T8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic) cell, gamma FcR receptor-positive cell number, NK activity, or level of serum IgM were less common in AIDS-KS and did not correlate with prognosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Computerized tomography: its role in interstitial brachytherapy of pelvic malignancies.

The advantages of computerized tomography (CT) in the treatment planning of external beam radiation therapy have been shown in several studies. The authors extended the use of CT to the interstitial brachytherapy treatment planning of pelvic malignancies. CT was found to be invaluable in localizing pelvic tumors, selecting implant techniques, and checking the accuracy of the implant.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1985

The effect of glucagon and adrenergic agonists on intracellular pH of isolated rat hepatocytes.

19F NMR was used to measure intracellular [H+] of hepatocytes before and after incubation with glucagon and adrenergic agonists at their concentrations which give maximal stimulation of both glucose and urea production. Intracellular and extracellular pH was determined from the chemical shifts in resonances of alpha-difluoromethylalanine. The alterations in intracellular [H+] with agonist treatment were, in all cases, found to be less than 0.1 pH unit in the pH range 6.7-7.8. It is concluded that changes in concentration of the intracellular [H+] do not play a significant role in the stimulation of urea and glucose production caused by these hormonal effectors.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A prospective study of microbial infection in stillbirths and early neonatal death.

No morphologic cause of death was found in 67.8% of 33 perinatal deaths. The mothers had experienced a previous loss in 48% of cases. Inflammation occurred in 65.6% of the cases of perinatal death compared to 4% of a control group (p less than 0.001) and in 73.1% of organism-positive cases of perinatal death compared to 7.1% of organism-positive cases of the control group (p less than 0.001). Incidence of maternal fever or prolonged membrane rupture was not statistically significant. Bacteria were present in 33.3% of the cases of perinatal death (not significant), with more pathogenic strains occurring in this group (p = 0.0028); 75.0% had inflammation compared to 0% of the control group (not significant). Genital mycoplasmas were detected in 78.8% of cases of perinatal death compared to 32.3% of control cases (p less than 0.001). Positive cultures (p = 0.0142) and elevated antibody titers in the fetus or neonate (p = 0.00052) or in the mother (p = 0.0122) occurred significantly more often than in control cases. Inflammation occurred in 78.9% of mycoplasma cases (p = 0.00032); incidences of maternal fever and prolonged membrane rupture were not significantly different. In perinatal death cases 20% had evidence of viruses, and 3.2% had evidence of chlamydia. Evidence of mixed microorganisms occurred in 46% of cases of perinatal death. However, 78.6% (11 of 14) with only one organism had Ureaplasma urealyticum (33.3% overall). Of the Ureaplasma-positive cases, 72.7% had inflammation, 45.5% had fever, and only 18.2% had prolonged membrane rupture compared to 28.6%, 0%, and 16.6%, respectively, in a negative-microorganism group with perinatal deaths. Our observations strongly support the concept that infection is a major cause of perinatal death and that genital mycoplasmas play a significant role.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1985

Impulse rates and sensitivity to stretch of soleus muscle spindle afferent fibers during locomotion in premammillary cats.

Impulse from soleus muscle afferents were recorded in premammillary cats that were walking on a treadmill. In normal walking the effects of gamma-motoneurons on impulse rates of muscle spindle afferents are confounded by the effects of the large length changes that occur. To isolate the effects of gamma-motoneurons the leg was fixed in place for recording and denervated except for soleus muscle. Because gamma-motoneurons produce marked effects on the stretch sensitivity of muscle afferents, soleus muscle was oscillated about a present length so the stretch sensitivity of its afferents could be determined. The impulse rate of secondary muscle spindle afferents in soleus muscle was generally increased at all phases of the step cycle. The mean rate approximately doubled during walking (82 imp/s), compared with nonwalking (rest) periods (44 imp/s). The sensitivity to sinusoidal length changes was generally reduced throughout the step cycle (mean reduction = 33%). Primary muscle spindle afferents also showed an increased mean rate during walking (47 imp/s) compared with rest (24 imp/s). The impulse rate peaked after the muscle reached its maximum force and often showed a second peak before the maximum electromyogram (EMG) activity. The sensitivity to sinusoidal stretches varied cyclically during locomotion. During the extension phase it sometimes exceeded the resting value, but was greatly reduced during the flexion phase (mean reduction = 49% over whole cycle). Control experiments were carried out in which static and dynamic gamma-motoneurons were stimulated and activity from muscle spindle afferents was recorded in anesthetized cats. With the amplitude and frequency of stretch applied, stimulation of dynamic gamma-motoneurons usually increased and stimulation of static gamma-motoneurons usually decreased the sensitivity of primary muscle spindle afferents to sinusoidal stretch. The patterns observed in muscle spindle afferents suggest a strong, maintained activation of static gamma-motoneurons throughout the step cycle and a phasic activation of dynamic gamma-motoneurons, which is consistent with previous direct recordings from gamma-motoneurons. With this pattern of activating gamma-motoneurons, the secondary muscle spindle afferents will provide a good feedback signal of the large length changes that normally occur in the muscle during locomotion. The changes in sensitivity of primary muscle spindle afferents will complement central changes so the gain of the stretch reflex from extensors is high during extension (when required to help support the weight of the body) and low during flexion (when a high gain would be counterproductive).

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1985

Age changes in lumbar intervertebral discs.

Measurements of disc thickness, shape and degeneration, using the criteria described by Rolander (1966), were recorded from 204 post-mortem lumbar spines. The "true average disc height" increased with age as the discs "sink" into the vertebrae. These results add information to previous studies which indicate that the loss of transverse trabeculae of lumbar vertebrae is primarily responsible for the change in shape of both vertebrae and discs in the elderly. While the incidence of disc degeneration does increase in old age, the majority of the discs examined did not show evidence of any such change.

Adolescent↗