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Biomedical subjects

J Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to J Taylor.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The impact of augmentation mammaplasty: a follow-up study.

Seventy-five women who had undergone augmentation mammaplasty responded to a questionnaire that obtained their perceptions of five areas of their personal and relationship functioning: (1) body and self-image, (2) attractiveness, (3) sensual sensitivity of breasts, (4) sexual life, and (5) relationship with partner. The women's perceptions of these areas before and after surgery were obtained retrospectively (between 3 months and 3 years after surgery). The 54 women in consistent relationships reported positive effects of the surgery on their relationship, although not to the extent that they had anticipated. However, regardless of this finding, these women perceived surgery to have had significant positive effects on their attractiveness, as well as on their body and self-image. Postoperatively, the partners of these women were viewed as having a significantly greater interest in sexual activity, as perceiving the women to be significantly more attractive, and as believing that the sexual relationship was significantly enhanced. The 21 women who were not in a consistent relationship also reported positive postoperative changes, although these were not statistically significant. Neither the women's age, length of time since surgery, nor the duration of the woman's relationship had any effect on the positive changes reported. The quantitative and qualitative data underscored the highly positive benefits of breast augmentation for the respondents.

Body Image↗
PubMed1987

Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumor of the lung and type I multiple endocrine neoplasia.

We have described a case of MEN-I in association with a benign pulmonary carcinoid tumor. Two other members of our patient's family also had MEN-I and benign carcinoid or adenomatous lung tumors. Hormonal assays of our patient's carcinoid lesion showed the production of gastrin, gastrin-releasing peptide, neurotensin, and somatostatin, but not serotonin, a hormonal profile distinct from those previously reported in carcinoid lung tumors unassociated with MEN-I.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1987

Transient Induction of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase mRNAs in Potato Leaves Infected with Virulent or Avirulent Races of Phytophthora infestans.

Infection of potato leaves with the fungal pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Pi) resulted in the rapid stimulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Increases in the activities of several mRNAs, including those encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), were detectable within a few hours postinoculation, as demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins synthesized in vitro. This effect was closely mimicked by application of Pi culture filtrate through cut leaf stems. PAL and 4CL mRNA activities were also rapidly and transiently induced in potato cell suspension cultures by treatments with Pi culture filtrate or arachidonic acid. This induction was exploited to generate cDNA probes complementary to PAL and 4CL mRNAs. Blot hybridizations using these probes revealed almost immediate, transient and coordinate increases in the transcription rates and subsequent changes in the amounts of PAL and 4CL mRNAs in leaves treated with Pi culture filtrate. Similar changes in the mRNA amounts were found in infected leaves of potato cultivars carrying resistance genes R1 (cv Datura) or R4 (cv Isola), independent of whether a virulent or an avirulent Pi pathotype was used for inoculation. These results are discussed in relation to recent cytological observations with the same potato cultivars and Pi pathotypes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Predicting athletic performance with self-confidence and somatic and cognitive anxiety as a function of motor and physiological requirements in six sports.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the ability of certain psychological attributes to predict performance in six National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate sports. Eighty-four athletes from the varsity sports teams of cross country running, alpine and nordic skiing, tennis, basketball, and track and field at the University of Colorado completed a questionnaire adapted from Martens (1977; Martens et al., 1983) that measured their trait levels of self-confidence (Bandura, 1977), somatic anxiety, and cognitive anxiety (Martens, 1977; Martens et al., 1983). In addition, at three to six competitions during the season, the members of the cross country running and tennis teams filled out a state measure (Martens et al., 1983) of the three attributes from one to two hours prior to the competition. Following each competition, subjective and objective ratings of performance were obtained, and, for all sports, coaches' ratings of performance and an overall seasonal team ranking were determined as seasonal performance measures. The sports were dichotomized along motor and physiological dimensions. Results indicate that all three psychological attributes were significant predictors of performance in both fine motor, anaerobic sports and gross motor, aerobic sports. Further, clear differences in these relationships emerged as a function of the dichotomization. In addition, unexpected sex differences emerged. The findings are discussed relative to prior research and their implications for future research.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1987

School problems and teacher responsibilities in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) may cause a variety of school problems. Twenty-four children with JRA, 24 of their parents, and 14 of their teachers completed questionnaires regarding the frequency of 40 potential school problems and the extent of the teacher's responsibility in helping children deal with 28 medical, academic, or social issues. Though respondents viewed school problems as occurring infrequently, parents and children more frequently than teachers noted that problems occurred (p less than .05). Children felt problems with self-concept and peer relationships occurred most frequently, while parents and teachers emphasized physical health and activity-related problems. Children's ratings regarding extent of teacher's responsibility were lower than those of parents' or teachers' ratings (p less than .05). While parents and teachers viewed the teacher as responsible for helping children deal with psychosocial issues, children felt that teachers should deal primarily with academic areas. Children viewed teachers as being responsible for withholding information about arthritis from their classmates, and did not want their teacher to encourage peer interaction. Results indicate major differences exist between perceptions of children with JRA, and their parents and teachers, regarding frequency of problems and extent of the teacher's responsibility. Since children may resist assistance from teachers in psychosocial areas, their views should be considered before planning interventions to resolve such problems.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Replication of human hepatitis delta virus in primary cultures of woodchuck hepatocytes.

We obtained two lines of evidence that monolayer cultures of primary woodchuck hepatocytes support replication of the genome of human hepatitis delta virus (HDV). (i) From a Northern (RNA blot) analysis of the HDV-related RNA in infected cultures, both genomic and antigenomic 1.7-kilobase RNA species were detected at 11 days after infection. The ratio of genomic RNA to antigenomic RNA was 2:1 to 10:1, comparable to that previously reported in studies of experimentally infected chimpanzees and woodchucks. (ii) Replication in culture was also demonstrated by in situ hybridization with a strand-specific probe. Such studies showed that only a small fraction of the cultured cells supported replication and that in such cells the relative and absolute levels of the HDV RNAs were comparable to those in liver cells infected in vivo. Furthermore, as with the in vivo studies, the HDV RNAs were predominantly localized to the nucleus. In summary, we demonstrated that cultured cells supported both the early events of HDV adsorption and penetration and the intermediate events of genome replication.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Recurrent pseudocyesis and hypomania.

The case of a young woman presenting with three distinct episodes of pseudocyesis occurring concurrently with annual hypomanic illness is described, and the association between pseudocyesis and affective disorder discussed, with regard both to possible underlying psychopathology and to previously proposed psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Retrovirus genome replication: priming specificities of plus-strand DNA synthesis.

The retroviral reverse transcriptase is a multifunctional protein. Not only does it contain both RNA- and DNA-directed DNA synthesis activities but also it contains an endonuclease activity necessary for the integration of viral RNA and a RNase H. This latter activity can reduce to oligoribonucleotides viral RNA that has been reverse transcribed into minus-strand DNA. However, during avian retrovirus genome replication it does this in a highly specific manner so as to generate a specific 12-base primer for plus-strand DNA synthesis. Even though many other oligoribonucleotides are also made there is an efficient selection of the specific primer followed by its efficient utilization in plus-strand DNA synthesis, and subsequent removal. We have used a reconstructed system to gain an understanding of the factors that contribute towards these observed specificities.

DNA Replication↗
PubMed1987

Driving, the law and medical disabilities.

There are 800 notifications daily to the Licensing Centre in Britain of medical disabilities. The procedure by which these are assessed is described, and the criteria for the issue of licenses to disabled drivers outlined.

Automobile Driver Examination↗
PubMed1987

But one tongue.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Gonadal function in women treated with cyclophosphamide for childhood nephrotic syndrome: a long-term follow-up study.

The gonadal function of 18 women who were treated for childhood nephrotic syndrome at a mean age of 10.7 years with cyclophosphamide (mean dosage, 28 gm; mean duration of therapy, 354 days) was evaluated at a mean of 14.5 years after treatment by means of detailed questionnaires. Menstrual patterns were normal in all except two, who were still receiving intermittent prednisone therapy. Eight healthy children had been born to five mothers. Compared with males, there is little current evidence of gonadal toxicity in this patient group. Further follow-up is required to determine whether these women will undergo premature menopause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Structure and replication of the genome of the hepatitis delta virus.

The hepatitis delta virus can be found in the serum and liver of some hepatitis B virus patients. We now report that the RNA genome of serum-derived delta virus is single-stranded and circular. Livers of infected chimpanzees or woodchucks contained as many as 300,000 copies of genomic strand RNA per average cell, and at least some of this RNA had a circular conformation. Also present in the livers were RNA species complementary to the virion RNA. The genomic RNA was 5-22 times more abundant than this antigenomic strand. Some of the antigenomic RNA was complexed with genomic RNA, as evidenced by the fact that at least 34% of the antigenomic RNA was resistant to digestion with either RNase A in 0.3 M NaCl or S1 nuclease. Some of the antigenomic RNA was in a circular conformation. These and other findings showed that the structure and replication of hepatitis delta virus are in many ways similar to those of the previously described plant viroids, virusoids, and satellite RNAs.

Animals↗