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Biomedical subjects

J Tanaka

Publications and source records attributed to J Tanaka.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Role of lipid peroxidation in gastric mucosal lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion in the pylorus-ligated rat.

The peroxidation of lipids and changes in the activities of related enzymes, such as xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XOD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in the gastric mucosa were studied in rat model of ischemia-reperfusion with pylorus ligation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a marker enzyme of leucocytes, was also studied. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA RS) in gastric mucosa were significantly increased by clamping the celiac artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min after 3 h of pylorus ligation. XOD activity in gastric mucosa increased with the development of gastric mucosal injury. Allopurinol significantly suppressed XOD activity but did not inhibit mucosal injury or the increase in TBA RS. MPO activity in the gastric mucosa was significantly increased by gastric mucosal injury. Famotidine significantly inhibited the increase in MPO activity in gastric mucosa, while allopurinol did not. SOD and GSH-px activities in the gastric mucosa were decreased significantly by gastric mucosal injury. SOD activity was normal following treatment with famotidine and allopurinol. Moreover, GSH-px activity recovered to the normal level with famotidine and allopurinol treatment. These findings suggest that oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation can cause gastric mucosal injury by ischemia-reperfusion in the pylorus-ligated rat. The generation of oxygen free radicals may be derived mainly from activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and the decrease in SOD and GSH-px activity in gastric mucosa seems to aggravate mucosal injury by free radicals and lipid peroxidation.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1993

Superoxide release by primary-cultured human hepatic macrophages and peripheral monocytes from patients with normal and cirrhotic livers.

We analysed superoxide anion (O2-) release from primary-cultured human hepatic macrophages (HHM phi) and peripheral blood monocytes (MO) derived from patients with normal and cirrhotic livers. Primary cultured human hepatic macrophages and MO from cirrhotic patients released less O2- than cells from normal patients. Superoxide anion release by HHM phi showed a significant, positive correlation with the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) level, whereas O2- release by MO showed only a weak correlation with the GPT level. In conclusion, a significant reduction in O2- release was observed in HHM phi and MO cultured from cirrhotic patients. Primary-cultured human hepatic macrophages are probably more susceptible to environmental changes within the cirrhotic liver than MO, since they are found locally within the liver and correlate with serum GPT levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The application of fluorinated aromatic dimethacrylates to experimental light-cured radiopaque composite resin, containing barium-borosilicate glass filler--a progress in nonwaterdegradable properties.

This study investigated the durability, especially the nonwaterdegradable qualities, of experimental light-cured composite resin containing barium-borosilicate glass filler. For this purpose, Bis-GMA, a typical component of base monomer in conventional composite resin, was replaced by Bis-GMA-F which is water-repellent. After over 20,000 thermal cycles, the composite resin containing Bis-GMA retained only 60 approximately 70% of its initial compressive, diametral tensile, flexural strength and flexural elastic modulus. However, the experimental composite resin containing Bis-GMA-F as a resin matrix showed no loss of compressive, diametral tensile strength or flexural elastic modulus, although flexural strength showed some deterioration. It was considered that the difference between Bis-GMA-F and Bis-GMA, as resin matrix, caused variation in the characteristics of water sorption.

Barium Compounds↗
PubMed1993

Application of root canal cleaning agents having dissolving abilities of collagen to the surface treatment for enhanced bonding of resin to dentin.

Commercial root canal cleaning agents with the ability to dissolve collagen were used for the surface treatment to enhance the bonding of dental resins. These agents increased the bond strength of a dental bonding agent to dentin. For example, the tensile bond strength to bovine dentin was 10.7 +/- 3.9MPa following the joint use of M and N and 8.8 +/- 2.2MPa following the combined use of P-S and N. In these cases, the damage to the tooth surface was very small and was equal to or less than damage caused by EDTA. These results demonstrate the usefulness of commercial root canal cleaning agents for dentin surface treatment due to their ability to enhance the bonding of dental resin.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Clinical, biological and histological considerations on primary intracranial germinomas in the prevalent sites.

Twenty-four germinomas from which tumor sites were 11 pineal, 7 suprasellar, and 6 basal ganglial and thalamic (BG-T) were subjected. Humoral tumor markers of HCG, CEA and AFP were measured and compared with immunohistochemistries for these tumor markers along with PLAP, HPL and PKK1. Humoral tumor markers and immunohistochemistries did not always comprehend to each other. Difference of the survival rates among tumor sites was thought to be attributed to the variabilities in their histological, immunochemical and flow cytometric results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Minocycline instillation for lymphorrhea after extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy. OFF.

We managed four cases of lymphorrhea after extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy by means of minocycline instillation into the cavity around the drainage tube. Two patients had concomitantly undergone cystectomy and one prostatectomy via the extraperitoneal approach. In all four cases, the lymphorrhea markedly subsided, which dramatically shortened the duration of drainage. No side effects occurred. These findings indicate that minocycline instillation is an efficacious treatment for lymphorrhea.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1993

[A girl presenting clinical course and neuroimagings on MRI compatible with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease].

A 5-year-old girl who showed congenital nystagmus and mental and motor developmental delay, is described. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) revealed wave I at normal latency, but all of the following waves were absent. In T2-weighted images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated diffuse high intensity area of cerebral white matter, suggesting extensive dysmyelination or demyelination. She has not shown any deterioration through her clinical course. Subsequent MRI examinations did not demonstrate a progressive disorder. These findings suggest the possibility of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher (P-M) disease in this patient, which is a rare form of sudanophilic leukodystrophy, transmitted by an X-linked recessive mutant gene. It is reported that the proteolipid protein, one of the major proteins of myelin, was absent in classical type P-M disease, resulting in dysmyelination. Because chromosomal study showed the normal female karyotype and no family history of a similar disease was found in this case, it might be different from classical P-M disease. Since P-M disease may be heterogeneous, more detailed chromosomal analysis in each case of congenital hypomyelination will give a clue to clarify the pathogenesis of P-M disease and other disorders showing failure in myelination.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

[Cerebral malformations associated with probable intrauterine infection].

An autopsy case with various cerebral malformations was studied and discussed on the pathogenesis. The patient was a 17-year-old female who developed tonic seizures around the age of 1 month and was treated under a diagnosis of infantile spasms. A CT scanning revealed agenesis of corpus callosum, subtentorial arachnoid cyst and brain atrophy. Neuropathologically multiple malformations were observed in the brain, polymicrogyria, pachygyria, cerebral gray matter heterotopia, partial agenesis of corpus callosum, hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis and arachnoid cyst. The most remarkable finding was chronic inflammation represented by infiltration of lymphocytes and foamy macrophages, fibrosis and vascular hyalinization in the arachnoid membrane as well as in the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. Proliferation of astrocytes with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions was also found in the areas of polymicrogyria and heterotopia. The infratentorial cyst was walled by scarring cerebellar tissue with a focal inflammation which was probably caused by an encephaloclastic process. The diversity in these cerebral malformations suggests that etiology might be polyphasic in time and infectious in nature during the intrauterine period of cerebral development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Prevalence of anti C100-3 and HBsAg in blood donors--comparative study of total collected blood units, total collection adjusted to exclude repeat blood donations, and in first time blood donors].

Prevalence of anti C100-3 and HBsAg in donor blood collected at the Hiroshima Red Cross Blood Center during the period of Aug., 1990 to July, 1991 was studied in three groups--total received blood units (187,532 units) without any adjustment, blood units after adjustment by excluding repeat donations of blood units by the same donors (142,160 units), and blood units of first time donors (28,596 units). The results of the study is summarized as follows. 1) There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anti C100-3 between the group comprising the total collected units, and the group after the adjustment. This result suggests that repeat donors do not necessarily belong to any fixed age group. 2) The prevalence of HBsAg is significantly higher in the first time donor group than in the other two groups. In both the total blood units group and the group after the adjustment, prevalence of HBsAg among older age groups was as low as that of younger age groups. This is presumably because of the introduction of selective exclusion of HBsAg positive subjects from donors since 1980. When data from blood donors are used for the epidemiological studies of viral infection among healthy subjects, it is important to know the characteristics of such donor subjects and whether or not they are pre-screened for the viral markers in question.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment: case report].

An extremely rare case of a meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment has been reported. The patient was a 56-year-old male whose chief manifestation was the abnormality of his CT scan. His past history included gastric and colonic polyp when he was 54, 55 years old, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma before hospitalization in our department. CT scan showed a small round non-enhancing lesion located at the lateral site of the right cerebellar cortex. T1 weighted image of MRI showed a homogeneous low intensity lesion with partial enhancing with Gd-DTPA. Proton image showed a remarkable low intensity lesion which showed an extramedullary mass. Right retromastoid craniectomy was performed. The mass was an extramedullary tumor which had no relation with the cerebellar cortex and dura matter. The arachnoid membrane around the tumor was intact. The tumor was totally resected and the patient had no neurological deficits. Histopathologically, the tumor was delineated into laminar structures by collagen fiber. Tumor cells were spindle in shape and made a whorling formation. There was no psammoma body and it had a hyperchromatic nuclei without mitotic features. Electron microscopic studies revealed no typical interdigitation but irregularity of the cell membrane. Abundant collagen fibers were in contact with basement membrane of the tumor. According to these findings, we diagnosed fibroblastic meningioma with atypical forms. Meningiomas without dural attachment are rare in adults, especially extremely rare of the posterior fossa. There are only 23 previous reports of "meningioma of the posterior fossa without dural attachment". Cantore divided these meningiomas into three groups (IV ventricle, inferior tela choroidea and cisterna magna).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cranial Fossa, Posterior↗
PubMed1993

Tumor DNA content in gallbladder carcinoma.

An abnormal DNA content has been associated with an unfavorable prognosis in a variety of cancers. In this study, tumor DNA content was measured in patients with gallbladder carcinoma in order to determine whether DNA ploidy pattern was a prognostic indicator. Thirty-six patients who had had a gallbladder carcinoma resected with curative intent were analyzed. Aneuploid tumor (20 cases, 56 per cent) was significantly associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p < 0.05), invasion beyond the muscularis propria (p < 0.01), and a high mitotic index (p < 0.0001). A significant advantage in terms of five-year survival was demonstrated in patients with diploid tumors as compared with those with aneuploid tumors (80 per cent versus 24 per cent, respectively, p < 0.005). Aneuploid tumors invading the subserosal layer had a significantly poorer prognosis than diploid tumors with similar depth of invasion (p < 0.05). However, when tumor invasion had extended beyond the serosa, no significant advantage in survival was found between patients with aneuploid and those with diploid tumors. It is concluded that DNA ploidy pattern is a valuable addition to a staging protocol for gallbladder carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical relevance of abdominal imaging examinations in malignant lymphoma].

We prospectively evaluated the clinical importance of abdominal imaging examinations (US, CT, upper gastrointestinal barium X-ray) in 233 consecutive patients who gave informed consent for the examinations. The examinations revealed intra-abdominal lesions in 99 of 233 patients. Intra-abdominal lymph nodes were most frequently affected, followed by stomach, spleen, liver, small intestine and large intestine. In Hodgkin's lymphoma, no gastrointestinal involvement was noted but one in the small intestine. Prognosis was poorer with advancing stage according to Ann Arbor classification. However, the presence or absence of intra-abdominal lesions did not influence the prognosis when patients were matched for the stage. Abdominal imaging examinations altered the bed-side staging to more advanced stages in 22 of 163 patients with stage I through stage III lymphoma, influencing prognosis as well as the decision of therapeutic modalities. These three diagnostic modalities were complementary to one another. In conclusion, every one of these abdominal imaging examinations is important for planning the management of patients with malignant lymphoma.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

[Glycosphingolipids of human gynecological malignant cell lines in vitro].

We focused on the glycosphingolipids as one of the various biological phenotypes on the cell membrane of malignant tumor cells. The composition of three glycosphingolipids in seven human cell lines, derived from gynecological malignant tumors, was analyzed biochemically and immunochemically. Among the seven human cell lines, lactosylceramide sulfate was characteristically detected in these endometrial cancer cell lines, HEC-108, SNG-II, and SNG-M. In contrast, no sulfoglycolipids were found in the other malignant cell lines. HEC-108, which forms a moderately differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma in nude mice, had a much higher ratio of lactosylceramide sulfate/GM3 than SNG-II and SNG-M cell lines, both of which grow as poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma in nude mice. TLC-immunostaining revealed that the sialyl type I carbohydrate chain with polysialyl groups was preferentially contained in the two sarcoma-derived cell lines and not in the five carcinoma-derived ones, while the type I carbohydrate chain was detected in all lines examined. Furthermore, the carcinoma cell lines were found to express A,B,H,Le(a),Le(b),Le(x) and Le(y) glycolipids, whereas the sarcoma cell lines scarcely expressed them. These results suggest that the expression of lactosylceramide sulfate is one of the biological characteristics of the three endometrial cancer cell lines, and the fucosylation to terminal residues of the type I and type II carbohydrate chains might be reduced in uterine sarcoma- and ovarian sarcoma-derived cell lines.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Experience in twenty patients with carcinoma of hilar bile duct treated by resection, targeting chemotherapy and intracavitary irradiation.

Three years ago, we reported a new treatment modality for carcinoma of the hilar bile duct consisting of limited hepatic hilar resection with selective adjuvant therapies by local chemotherapy using a new drug delivery system and by intracavitary 60Co irradiation using a remote after loading system. This treatment was applied in 20 patients by April 1991 and the results are fairly good. The overall one, three and five year survival rates are 80, 33 and 26 percent, respectively, which are better than those reported. No serious complications have been observed after operation and adjuvant therapies. Comparing the survival rate and prognostic factors, it was proved that the prognostic factors were not influential in the 20 patients. For the further improvement of this treatment modality, some special devices will be necessary to treat not only the resection stump but also the excisional surface of the tumor.

Adult↗