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Biomedical subjects

J Tanaka

Publications and source records attributed to J Tanaka.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Secretory component and lactoferrin in pure pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis.

To evaluate pathophysiological roles of proteins in pancreatic secretion, immunoreactive lactoferrin (LF) and secretory component (SC) were measured in the first fraction of the pure pancreatic juice obtained endoscopically from 17 control, 21 suspected (SCP), 14 noncalcified (NCP), and 14 calcified chronic pancreatitis (CCP) subjects. The protein and amylase tended to decrease both in concentration and output from control to CCP. LF concentration was elevated in CCP (18.0 +/- 4.9 micrograms/ml) when compared with controls (2.3 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml), and LF output in NCP (12.3 +/- 3.8 micrograms/min) was increased from controls (3.8 +/- 0.6 micrograms/min). The combination of high LF concentration with low protein output was observed in 10/14 in CCP but 0/14 in NCP and can be a biochemical discriminator of CCP from NCP. SC concentrations were also elevated in NCP (8.5 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml) and CCP (5.6 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml) from controls (1.2 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml). SC outputs in SCP (9.8 +/- 3.1 micrograms/min) and NCP (21.1 +/- 4.8 micrograms/min) were increased from controls (1.7 +/- 0.3 micrograms/min), but there was no further increase in CCP. Hypersecretion of LF and SC in chronic pancreatitis is different, especially in CCP, although the mechanisms for hypersecretion are unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abolishes increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity of rat duodenal mucosa after ischemia-reperfusion in superior mesenteric artery.

In order to evaluate the systemic and neural factors on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of rat intestinal mucosa, ODC activity in duodenal mucosa, where blood flow did not decrease by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion, was compared to that of jejunal and ileal mucosa, where blood flow decreased to 90% of the initial value after SMA occlusion. Rats were allowed to recover after SMA occlusion before harvesting intestinal mucosa for measuring ODC activity. ODC activity in the jejunum and the ileum increased markedly 6 h after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and more than 72 h were required for ODC activity to return to normal. ODC activity in the duodenum did not change until 24 h after I/R, but the activity increased 48 h after I/R, and this increase continued for 2 days. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy completely abolished the increase in ODC activity in the duodenum, whereas the same procedure had no influence on ODC activity in the jejunum or the ileum. These results indicate that a neural signal from the central nervous system via the efferent vagal nerve following I/R was an important factor in the increase in ODC activity of duodenal mucosa, where blood flow was not influenced by SMA occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prostaglandin E2 production by hepatic macrophages and peripheral monocytes in liver cirrhosis patients.

We analyzed PGE2 production in primary-cultured human hepatic macrophages (HHM phi) and peripheral monocytes (MO) from patients with and without liver cirrhosis, and correlated PGE2 production with the patients' liver function. Serum choline esterase (ChE) levels were used as an indicator of liver function. PGE2 production in both HHM phi and MO from cirrhotic patients was significantly lower than in HHM phi and MO from non-cirrhotic patients. PGE2 production in cirrhotic HHM phi was inversely correlated with ChE levels, whereas PGE2 production in cirrhotic MO showed no obvious correlation. In conclusion, both HHM phi and MO might contribute to the pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis via attenuated PGE2 production. Furthermore, HHM phi activity appears to be more strongly affected by the chronic pathological changes observed in the cirrhotic liver.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1993

Severe subarachnoid hemorrhage during transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma.

There are many reports about complications of transphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas. We report a patient who suffered severe subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an indirect injury of the intradural internal carotid artery during or immediately after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. An autopsy suggested that a small branch of the intradural internal carotid artery was strongly adherent to the suprasellar portion of the tumor capsule and its avulsion from the internal carotid artery might have been caused as the capsule fell down during the intracapsular removal of the tumor. In a case of pituitary adenoma operated by the transsphenoidal approach the possibility of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to this type of arterial injury, though rare, should be kept in mind.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1993

Iron responsive element-binding protein (IRE-BP) in leukemic cells: analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction.

The level of iron responsive element-binding protein (IRE-BP) in leukemic cells, which is essential for iron homeostasis and plays an important role in cell metabolism and cell growth, was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Comparing the levels in different clinical stages, the levels in CML cells in the chronic phase (mean +/- S.E., 0.270 +/- 0.110 U/mg protein, n = 9) and those in AML cells (0.150 +/- 0.104 U/mg) protein, n = 21) were significantly lower than that in normal granulocytes (0.628 +/- 0.216 U/mg protein, n = 9, p < 0.001 vs CML and AML). Analysis of IRE-BP mRNA expression in leukemic cells using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction showed suppressed expression of mRNA as compared to normal bone marrow cells. These observations suggest that there may be dysregulation of IRE-BP expression and production in leukemic cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Starfish saponins, Part 50. Steroidal glycosides from the Okinawan starfish Nardoa tuberculata.

This paper describes a complete analysis of the glycoside and polyhydroxysteroid constituents of the starfish Nardoa tuberculata, collected at Zampa, Okinawa, Japan. Besides a group of known non-sulfated steroidal diglycosides, halitylosides A [5], B [6], D [7], E [8], and F [9], and two known polyhydroxysteroids 10 and 11, N. tuberculata also contains four new sulfated steroidal glycosides 1-4 closely related to the previous halitylosides. The antifungal activities and the effects on the development of fertilized sea urchin eggs of some steroid components from this starfish were examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endothelin-renin-angiotensin-atrial natriuretic peptide system in ovaries: an intraovarian ERAANP system.

In a recent investigation of the ovary, high levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were identified. It was determined that ET, RAS, and ANP, alone or together, affected ovarian function. It is important that mutual relationships of these vasoactive and hormonal peptides, which coexist in the ovary, are examined to determine their in vivo functions. This study, using immature rats treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMS), examined the effects of ET-1, angiotensin II (Ang II) and ANP, individually or in combination, on steroidogenesis by granulosa cells (GCs) cultured for 72 h. ET-1 Ang II, and ANP, alone or combined, also had a mutual effect on steroidogenesis. Concomitantly with previous findings on the ovary, the authors propose that the intraovarian endothelin-renin-angiotensin-ANP system (ERAANPS) functions as a novel intraovarian regulator system.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1993

Cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo BMT) was analysed using a semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA was increased during the development of GVHD and the degree of this increment depended on the severity of the disease. IL-2 expression was not detected at all and interferon-gamma expression was not much changed during GVHD. In patients with hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), another transplantation-related complication, the expression of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha mRNA was increased but IL-6 mRNA expression showed little increase. These findings suggest that IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells play an important role in the development of GVHD. Furthermore, liver dysfunction due to GVHD or VOD may be distinguishable by this type of cytokine analysis. Analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may provide important information concerning the immune response and the cytokine network system in marrow transplant patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Up-regulation of IL-6-receptors by IL-3 on a plasma cell leukaemia cell line which proliferates dependently on both IL-3 and IL-6.

In this report we show that IL-3 up-regulates the expression of IL-6-receptors on a plasma cell leukaemia cell line which proliferates in response to both IL-3 and IL-6. Quantitative binding studies and Scatchard analysis revealed that HSM-2.3 has a single class of high-affinity IL-6 binding sites (200/cell, dissociation constant at the equilibrium 1.43 x 10(-11) M). After stimulation with IL-3, HSM-2.3 has 1200 binding sites. IL-6 receptor mRNA expression was detected in HSM-2.3 only after stimulation with IL-3.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemistry of neuronal inclusions in the cerebral cortex and brain-stem in Lewy body disease.

Three cases of Lewy body disease were investigated in order to compare the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the neuronal inclusions in the cerebral cortex (CC) and brain-stem (BS). Ultrastructurally, the CC contained intermediate-sized filaments with variable amounts of granular material and other organelles, whereas the BS consisted of an electron-dense core and an outer area with radially oriented filaments. The cerebral cortex was immuno-reactive with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tau protein, and differed from BS. In addition, although the CC were antigenically similar to BS in their neurofilament (70, 160 and 200 kDa) and ubiquitin contents, the localization of neurofilament immunoreactivity differed between them, being confined positively to the core of CC, but to the periphery of the BS. Although Lewy bodies (LB) in idiopathic Parkinson's disease are morphologically similar to BS, they have been reported to differ in their immunoreactivity with antibodies against tau. It has been reported that CC differ from LB with regard to immunoreactivity with antibodies against TH and tropomyosin. It is inferred that these inclusions (CC, BS and LB) differ in morphogenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Supraophthalmic chemotherapy with long tapered catheter: distribution evaluated with intraarterial and intravenous Tc-99m HMPAO.

Supraophthalmic intraarterial chemotherapy has not become popular due to a high incidence of damage to the normal brain and eye. This damage is due to inhomogeneous distribution of the agent secondary to streaming and other flow-related phenomena. To try to minimize this complication, the authors developed a catheter and studied different infusion techniques. A 4.5-F catheter tapered to 2.5 F was used to perform supraophthalmic intraarterial chemotherapy in 26 patients with malignant gliomas. Forty-one of 45 catheterizations were successful. In 17 patients (20 procedures), technetium-99m hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) was then injected through the catheter and single photon emission computed tomography was performed to assess the cerebral distribution of the radiopharmaceutical with either a pulsatile or continuous infusion technique. Diffuse and relatively homogeneous distribution of Tc-99m HMPAO was observed with fast pulsatile infusion (10 of 10 procedures); however, inhomogeneous distribution was mostly seen with slow continuous infusion (eight of 10 procedures).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of vagotomy on ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat duodenal mucosa.

The aim of this study was to determine whether the circadian rhythm of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in rat small intestine is controlled by factors other than luminal nutrients. ODC activity in duodenal and jejunal mucosa of rats fed ad libitum was measured at four time points (0500, 1100, 1700, 2300 h; light period: 0800-2000 h). ODC activity in the jejunum increased in the dark period, which is when rats normally eat. In contrast, ODC activity in the duodenum began to increase at 1700 h, which is when rats do not normally eat, as indicated by the recorded feeding pattern. The increase in ODC activity in the duodenum at 1700 h, but not at other time points, was abolished by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, whereas vagotomy had no effect on the feeding pattern of rats. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy had no effect on ODC activity in the jejunum. ODC activity in the duodenum increased following glycoprivation of the central nervous system induced by infusion of 2-deoxyglucose into the third cerebroventricle. These results indicate that the increase in duodenal ODC activity at 1700 h is due to a signal from the upper brain structure through the vagal nerve and not to luminal nutrient factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

T-cell chemotactic activity of cytokine LD78: a comparative study with interleukin-8, a chemotactic factor for the T-cell CD45RA+ phenotype.

The recombinant LD78 cytokine (rLD78) promoted migration of human peripheral T lymphocytes at concentrations from 10(-11) M to 10(-7) M, with a peak of activity at 10(-8) M. There was no difference in migration promoting activity between LD78 alpha and its variant LD78 beta. Checkerboard analysis indicated that the migration of T cells attracted by rLD78 was chemotaxis but not chemokinesis. The chemotactic activity of rLD78 was apparently ten-fold lower than that of recombinant inteleukin-8 (rIL-8) when peripheral T cells were used as the indicator cells. Subset analysis on T cells responding to rLD78 or rIL-8 indicated that rIL-8 was more chemotactic for the CD45RA+ T cell subset than the CD45RO+ subset, but did not distinguish between CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. In contrast, rLD78 apparently distinguished neither between CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets nor between CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ subsets.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1993

Morphological and biochemical analyses of contractile proteins (actin, myosin, caldesmon and tropomyosin) in normal and transformed cells.

The expression and intracellular distribution of four contractile proteins (actin, myosin, caldesmon and tropomyosin) in normal fibroblasts and their transformed counterparts by Rous or avian sarcoma virus were compared. By analyzing the isoformal expression of actin, caldesmon and tropomyosin using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, only tropomyosin showed significant alteration in its isoformal expression accompanied by transformation. Morphological study revealed that in normal cells, myosin, caldesmon and tropomyosin were distributed periodically along stress fibers, but were excluded from focal adhesions (adhesion plaques), at which stress fibers terminate. By contrast, the contractile proteins were concentrated within the protrusions of the ventral cell surface of transformed cells, which are cell-adhesive structures with high motility (podosomes). Regional analysis indicated that the contractile proteins do not show diffuse distribution within podosomes. Myosin, some caldesmon and tropomyosin in association with F-actin were localized in the region surrounding the core domains of podosomes. A major part of the caldesmon was, however, located in the core domain with short F-actin bundles. In order to compare the stability and the molecular organization of stress fibers with that of the short F-actin bundles within podosomes, the dorsal plasma membranes of the cells were removed by lysis and squirting. Then, the ruptured cells were treated with various buffers containing high salt, ATP or Ca2+/calmodulin. Myosin, caldesmon and tropomyosin were strongly associated with stress fibers of the ruptured normal fibroblasts even in a buffer containing high salt or Ca2+/calmodulin. On the other hand, myosin and tropomyosin within podosomes were easily extracted by lysis and squirting. And, the remaining caldesmon in podosomes was separated from the short F-actin bundles with high salt or Ca2+/calmodulin buffer. The present findings suggest that the high motility of podosomes from transformed cells is based on the actomyosin system, and that the stable adherence of focal adhesions of normal cells is due to a lack of this system. The accumulation of contractile proteins and their dynamic association within podosomes might be the cause of the short half-life of the structure. In relation to its localization in the core domain of podosomes without myosin and tropomyosin, the function of caldesmon has been discussed.

Actins↗
PubMed1993

Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells develop peculiar adhesive structures along the cell periphery.

Alteration of the cell/substratum adhesive structures of rat fibroblasts (3Y1 cells) upon transformation by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. In serum-containing culture medium, 3Y1 cells developed focal adhesions as their main adhesive structures, while BY1 cells expressed peculiar close contacts along the cell periphery with the vitronectin receptor integrin, in addition to podosomes. These peripheral close contacts are referred to as the peripheral adhesions. The peripheral adhesions were observed as a darker region than podosomes by interference reflection microscopy. They were more easily destroyed by incubating the cells with RGD-containing peptide than were the focal adhesions. In contrast to focal adhesions and podosomes, actin bundles were not detected within the peripheral adhesions, where pp60v-src and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins accumulated. Expression of the integrin was determined by the substratum composition when BY1 cells were cultured in serum-free culture medium. Under such conditions, BY1 cells expressed the peripheral adhesions within 3 hours on adhesion molecule-coated glass. On the other hand, in serum-containing medium, they first developed focal adhesions transiently at their early stage of adhesion, and then the peripheral adhesions were predominantly expressed within 12 hours. Podosomes were formed in a time course similar to that of the peripheral adhesions. These findings suggest that the peripheral adhesion is a class of stable adhesive structure distinct from the focal adhesion or podosome of BY1 cells. Similar close contact-type peripheral adhesions with the integrin were also observed in a variety of cultured cells such as normal fibroblasts at their logarithmic growth phase, phorbol ester-treated fibroblasts, and several malignant tumor cells, with poorly organized focal adhesions and stress fibers. These findings further suggest that the peripheral adhesions may be widely involved in the adhesion of cells that inadequately develop stress fibers and focal adhesions.

Actins↗