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Biomedical subjects

J T Manning

Publications and source records attributed to J T Manning.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Alpha interferon for induction of remission in hairy-cell leukemia.

We treated seven patients who had progressive hairy-cell leukemia with daily doses of 3 million units of partially pure alpha (leukocyte) interferon by the intramuscular route. Three patients had a complete remission, and four had a partial remission, according to strict criteria for a response. After treatment, bone-marrow aspirates showed an absence of leukemia cells in three patients and 5 per cent or fewer in three others. Normalization of subnormal peripheral-blood values occurred in six of six patients with anemia, in seven of seven with granulocytopenia, and in four of four with thrombocytopenia. Remissions have been maintained for over 6 to over 10 months. Alpha interferon appears to be highly effective in patients with hairy-cell leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical features and results of management of superior vena cava syndrome secondary to lymphoma.

Thirty-six of 915 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presented with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). The histologic types associated with SVCS were diffuse large cell in 23 patients, lymphoblastic in 12, and follicular large cell in one patient. Radiotherapy alone appeared equal to chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiotherapy in achieving relief of SVCS symptoms. Chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiotherapy was superior to radiotherapy alone in prolonging relapse-free survival and overall survival. No differences in relapse-free survival and survival were found between the patients treated with chemotherapy alone and those treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but the addition of radiotherapy appeared to prevent local relapses in the group with large-cell lymphoma. The presence of symptoms of involvement of other mediastinal structures such as dysphagia, hoarseness, or stridor (DHS), a higher grade of intensity, and a shorter duration of symptoms (less than or equal to 2 weeks) appeared to adversely influence relapse-free survival and survival. The following conclusions were made: (1) a histologic diagnosis before the onset of treatment is desirable and feasible in patients presenting with SVCS except in those with severe respiratory distress, (2) both chemotherapy and radiotherapy are equally effective in alleviating the symptoms of SVCS, and (3) combined modality treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy results in a lower frequency of local relapses compared to chemotherapy alone but survival was similar in both groups.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in hepatocellular carcinoma: an immunoperoxidase study.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) has been shown to be a useful tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and some other neoplasms. No studies of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1AChy) in HCC have been reported. A comparative study of A1AT and A1AChy in HCC was undertaken. While 19/33 HCC were positive for A1AT, all 33 HCC contained immunoreactive A1AChy. Cells showing positive immunoreaction for both A1AT and A1AChy were more numerous in moderately differentiated HCC than in well differentiated or poorly differentiated HCC. Although the pattern of staining with both antisera was similar, in cases showing positive staining for both antisera, A1AChy-positive cells were more numerous than A1AT-positive cells. The results suggest a useful role for A1AChy as a marker of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1984

Hematologic neoplasms with initial manifestations in lower urinary tract.

Hematologic tumors with initial clinical manifestations in the lower urinary tract are exceedingly rare. Six such cases are reported. Four of these were lymphomas, 2 involving the urinary bladder, 1 the urethra, and 1 the right ureter. The remaining 2 were an extramedullary plasmacytoma and a granulocytic sarcoma, both located in the urinary bladder. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of granulocytic sarcoma of the urinary bladder presenting with urologic symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Leiomyosarcoma of the penis.

We report a case of an aggressive leiomyosarcoma of the penis treated with radical surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient died 7 months after diagnosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Alpha-1-antitrypsin in islet cell tumors of the pancreas.

The presence of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) in normal pancreatic islets recently has been demonstrated, and serum elevation of A1AT in patients having pancreatic tumors has been reported. In the present study, the presence of A1AT in 12 of 33 islet cell tumors was demonstrated. The possible utility of A1AT as a marker for islet cell tumors is suggested.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1983

Endothelial cell origin of thorium oxide-induced angiosarcoma of liver.

A 72-year-old woman was found at autopsy to have hepatic angiosarcoma approximately 30 years after systemic thorium oxide (Thorotrast) injection. Intracytoplasmic localization of factor VIII-related antigen was demonstrated by an immunoperoxidase method, confirming the endothelial cell origin of the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Mixed tumor of the vulva: a report of two cases probably arising in Bartholin's gland.

A case of benign mixed tumor of the vulva and a case of carcinoma arising in a similar benign mixed tumor of the vulva are reported. Both mixed tumors were of salivary gland type and probably arose in the Bartholin's gland. Only three previous cases of benign mixed tumor of the vulva have been documented in the literature. Two arose in the vestibular glands, and the third arose in cutaneous sweat glands. No case of carcinoma arising in a benign mixed tumor of the vulva has been previously documented.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

The evolution of dominance: Haldane v Fisher revisited.

Fisher's model for the evolution of dominance indicates that the accumulation of dominance modifiers will be accelerated by (1) an increased frequency of the mutant heterozygote, (2) increased selection for the phenotype of the normal homozygote. The model has been criticised by Haldane on the grounds that point (1) is not fulfilled, that is dominance appears to be more common in populations with a low frequency of mutant heterozygotes (populations of inbreeders). In support of Fisher's model it is argued that intense selection for the wild type phenotype is more common in inbreeders than outbreeders. This situation should promote the accumulation of dominance modifiers (point (2) above).

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1976

Life cycle patterns and their genetic control: an attempt to reconcile evolutionary and mechanistic speculation.

A model is proposed which implicates molecular recognition systems as the major controlling factors in life cycle expression. It is envisaged that such systems are important in immune functioning and catabolic, metabolic molecule recognition at both inter- and intra-cellular level. These recognition systems have the following characteristics: 1) Specific recognition molecules (recognisers), e.g. vertebrate antibodies, invertebrate agglutinins and plant agglutinins may recognise specific substances, e.g. antigens, catabolic and metabolic molecules. 2) The range of possible recognisable substances is very wide and variable. 3) The recognisers may themselves be recognised by other recognisers. 4) Recognisers are usually produced in large amounts only on presentation of the appropriate recognisable molecule. 5) The progressive introduction of new recognisable molecules increases the recogniser interaction, this interaction causing depression of some recogniser types (immune depression) and facilitation of other types among which may be recognisers specific for self components (e.g. auto-immunity). 6) Low juvenile viability is associated with a restricted range of available recognisers, high adult viability with increasing recogniser range and some auto-immunity/immune depression, senescence with a wide range of available recognisers and extensive auto-immunity/immune depression. Life cycle patterns and their control are discussed. It is suggested control mechanisms may include: 1) Dietary restriction and in some periods complete nutritional abstinence. 2) Specific recogniser depression, genes implicated here are the various antigens (species and polymorphic) found on cell surfaces, in the serum and in various body fluids of vertebrates, e.g. ABO, MNSs, P, Rh, Le and other blood groups, the ABO and Le secretor antigens and the HL-A antigens. In addition the immune response and mixed lymphocyte culture loci are implicated. Finally life cycle control is discussed with relation to sexual selection.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

Is sex maintained to facilitate or minimise mutational advance?

There are two alternative hypotheses for the selective advantages of sex: (i) The "Fisher-Muller" model:sex facilitates evolutionary adaptation to chaning environments. (ii) The "Rachet" model: sex minimises the mutational load. The relative importance of these hypotheses is discussed with reference to (a) comparative data on sexual and asexual reproduction, (b) the timing of sex in species with asexual/sexual alternation, (c) the advantages of haploid/diploid alternation, (d) the disadvantage associated with the recombinational load. It is concluded that the Ratchet model may well be the major mechanism which maintains sex.

Genes, Lethal↗