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Biomedical subjects

J T Goodrich

Publications and source records attributed to J T Goodrich.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Psychosurgery: a historical overview.

Neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorders has a long and controversial history. From the Stone Age use of trephining to release the demons of the spirit to the millimeter accuracy of stereotactic instruments currently used in the operating room, psychosurgery has enjoyed enthusiastic support as well as experiencing scorn. Today, psychosurgery is a minimally invasive and highly selective treatment that is performed for only a few patients with severe, treatment-refractory, affective, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorders. Recent advances in technology and functional neuroanatomic techniques, as well as economic pressures to decrease the costs of caring for chronically ill patients, may provide an opportunity for psychosurgery to become a more attractive option for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. In this historical overview, the rise and fall of psychosurgery are described. A better understanding of the colorful history of this interesting topic should enable modern neurosurgeons and other health care professionals to meet the social, ethical, and technical challenges that are sure to lie ahead.

History, 17th Century↗
PubMed2001

Contemporary psychosurgery and a look to the future.

OBJECT: Despite a long and controversial history, psychosurgery has persisted as a modern treatment option for some severe, medically intractable psychiatric disorders. The goal of this study was to review the current state of psychosurgery. METHODS: In this review, the definition of psychosurgery, patient selection criteria, and anatomical and physiological rationales for cingulotomy, subcaudate tractotomy, anterior capsulotomy, and limbic leukotomy are discussed. The historical developments, modern procedures, and results of these four contemporary psychosurgical procedures are also reviewed. Examples of recent advances in neuroscience indicating a future role for neurosurgical intervention for psychiatric disease are also mentioned. CONCLUSIONS: A thorough understanding of contemporary psychosurgery will help neurosurgeons and other physicians face the ethical, social, and technical challenges that are sure to lie ahead as modern science continues to unlock the secrets of the mind and brain.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

An annotated history of craniofacial surgery and intentional cranial deformation.

The history of craniofacial surgery and the use of intentional cranial deformation is a long and varied one. Researching some of the earliest medical writings and reviews of early terracotta and stone figures from throughout the world clearly revealed that these two forms of treatment were widely extant. Intentional cranial deformation was used for a number of reasons including beautification, tribal identification, and social stature. The development of craniofacial surgery is a more modern practice and its historical evolution is reviewed in the context of techniques and the personalities involved.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Fronto-ocular syndrome: newly recognized trigonocephaly syndrome.

We describe an apparently unique disorder, Fronto-Ocular syndrome, present in a mother and her two daughters, and comprising trigonocephaly due to coronal and metopic craniosynostosis, ocular hypotelorism, ocular proptosis and ptosis, epicanthal folds, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, elevated nasal bridge, thin philtrum, high-arched palate and a narrow bifrontal region. Both daughters have glabellar capillary hemangiomas, a congenital heart defect and mild developmental disabilities. Review of the literature failed to disclose any syndrome with similar findings. It is likely that this disorder represents an autosomal dominant condition, that arose as a new mutation in the mother. Mutational analysis of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1 and FGFR2 failed to identify the molecular basis of the disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A millennium review of skull base surgery.

Skull base surgery is a recent development in our history, in as much as most of the surgical techniques involved have been described within the last century. To provide an historical prospective the author reviews the development of this specialty, arbitrarily dating its beginning some five centuries ago with the work of Leonardo da Vinci. By picking this period we include the origin of scientific anatomy and personages interested in developing new ideas and concepts who were able to leave the stagnant period of the Middle Ages behind. In 1900 surgeons worked alone, with the concept of a skull base "team" not yet existing. Endotracheal intubation and controlled respiration was just being introduced. Intraoperative monitoring of blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration was not yet known. Harvey Cushing was to introduce this concept in the first decade of the last century. This survey traces the origins of modern skull base surgery from its antecedents in the Renaissance to the beginning of this century. A paper of this length can only provide a sampling of themes and personalities; nevertheless, it will give the reader an impressive overview of how far we have come and some ideas of what the future holds.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed2000

The 2-piece Le Fort I osteotomy for cranial base access: an evaluation of 9 patients.

PURPOSE: This article discusses the use of the 2-piece Le Fort I osteotomy to gain access to the cranial base and the authors' experiences with this technique. METHODS: Medical records of patients who required surgical access to the cranial base were retrospectively reviewed, and demographic data, procedures done, postoperative results, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Nine patients underwent a 2-piece Le Fort I osteotomy. Complications included development of a pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery in 1 patient, 2 cerebrospinal fluid leaks, both of which resolved, and 1 patient who lost 2 teeth and some associated bone. CONCLUSION: The 2-piece Le Fort I osteotomy provides excellent access to the clival region of the cranial base with minimal complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Endoscopic intracranial craniofacial and monobloc osteotomies with the aid of a malleable high-speed pneumatic drill: a cadaveric and clinical study.

Endoscopic techniques are now an accepted part of the surgical armamentarium and are used routinely in a number of aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. Endoscopic techniques are now being used commonly by plastic surgeons in forehead and face lifts. In both craniofacial surgery and in neurosurgery, the application of endoscopy potentially allows the surgical team to perform wide dissection of the dura mater in a minimally invasive fashion, thereby potentially reducing the risk of dural and brain injury. Also reduced by this surgical approach is potential injury to the major venous structures, such as the sagittal sinus, along with overall reduced bleeding. After an extensive laboratory study of 10 cadaveric dissections, the authors have refined a new endoscopic technique for completing an endoscopic intracranial craniofacial osteotomy. This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at the University of Brno (Czech Republic), and was performed as a cooperative multicenter project between the University of Palermo, the Albert Einstein College of Medicine/ Montefiore Medical Center, the Hospital Infantil de Mexico, "Federico Gomez," and the Medtronic Midas Rex Institute, (Fort Worth, TX). During this cadaveric anatomic study and using small trephinations and skin incisions the authors were able to develop several different craniofacial and endoscopic monobloc procedures. To accomplish intracranial and facial osteotomies, a new malleable high-speed drill was designed for use in the endoscopic craniofacial approach. Using these newly developed cadaveric techniques and instrumentation, the authors performed two intracranial craniofacial procedures on children with congenital craniofacial anomalies. There would appear to be several significant advantages for the craniofacial patient as result of these new techniques: reduced surgical trauma, operative bleeding, surgical time, and hospitalization, along with a reduced risk of infection. It became quickly apparent, as a result of these cadaveric studies, that the learning curve for this endoscopic procedure is quite steep. Tutino M, Chico F, Tutino M, Goodrich JT, Ortiz Monasterio F. Endoscopic intracranial craniofacial and monobloc osteotomies with the aid of a malleable high-speed pneumatic drill: a cadaveric and clinical study.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

First published record of a neurosurgical procedure on the North American continent, Mexico City, by Pedro Arias de Benavides, 1561: Secretos de Chirurgia, Valladolid, Spain, 1567.

The first published account of a neurosurgical intervention performed on the North American continent is described. The operation took place in Mexico City in 1561. The neurosurgical intervention was performed by a Spanish surgeon, Pedro Arias de Benavides, on a 13-year-old boy who had sustained head trauma that caused an open depressed cranial fracture and exposed the cerebrum. A description of this case was first published in Valladolid, Spain, 6 years after the event, in a book entitled Secretos de Chirurgia ("Secrets of Surgery").

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1999

The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus.

The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus is undoubtedly one of the most significant medical texts ever discovered. It is of particular interest to neurosurgeons because of its specific references to ancient neurosurgical cases and is the first written record of many terms of neurosurgical interest. This review describes the colorful and controversial history of the Edwin Smith Papyrus and gives translations of four cases of neurosurgical interest.

Archaeology↗
PubMed1999

Foreign body granuloma mimicking intracranial meningioma: case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Intracranial foreign body granulomas are rare. We describe a case of an intracranial foreign body granuloma found in a 17-year-old female patient 9 years after she underwent a craniotomy for a tumor of unknown type. Postoperative imaging of patients who have undergone neurosurgical procedures can often reveal enhancing masses, and foreign body granuloma should be included in the differential diagnosis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The patient presented with a history of developmental delay, panhypopituitarism, and chronic headache. Admission resulted from an acute increase in the severity of her headache. INTERVENTION: Imaging studies, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, demonstrated a 1.5 x 2 cm round, enhancing anterior interhemispheric mass, appearing to arise from the falx and causing mild mass effect. A nonenhancing cystic mass was also noted in the suprasellar region but was without mass effect. The patient underwent a craniotomy and removal of the anterior mass without complication, and her headache resolved. A pathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of foreign body granuloma. CONCLUSION: Although rare, foreign body granuloma should be included in the differential diagnosis of previously operated intracranial masses. The importance of accurate historical information and guidelines that may assist in diagnosis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Byron Stookey: "the old lion"--an unsung giant of neurosurgery.

BYRON POLK STOOKEY, an outstanding clinician and teacher, served as Director and Chief of Neurosurgery at the Neurological Institute of New York Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. Highlights of his clinical contributions include improved peripheral nerve and spine surgery and subtemporal trigeminal nerve section for tic douloureux. Through diverse activities in both the political and academic arenas of patient care, education, and research, stookey helped to build and strengthen neurosurgery between the world wars and helped to prepare the foundation for the accomplishments of recent decades.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1996

Management of secondary turricephaly in craniofacial surgery.

In children with syndromic craniofacial disorders, such as Crouzon and Apert syndromes, who are managed surgically, a difficult problem that can occur is secondary turricephaly. One of the more widely accepted theories as to why this deformity occurs is that a lack of skull base growth results from fusion of the basal and facial sutures. Despite initial adequate forehead and orbital bandeau advancement, many of these patients require subsequent procedures, which do not always correct the characteristics deformity. We have identified a subset of 11 syndromic children who developed this characteristic deformity of turricephaly after primary reconstruction, 6 of whom required either secondary or tertiary procedures. Only 5 patients had a good outcome with a mean follow up of 4.5 years (range 1-8 years). Our surgical methods, and our rationale for the timing of surgery are discussed, and the literature on the management of this problem is reviewed.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1996

Lambdoid stenosis (posterior plagiocephaly) and craniofacial asymmetry: long-term outcomes.

We recently reviewed our series of craniofacial cases involving lambdoid stenosis (posterior plagiocephaly) and positional deformation. We now have 22 cases (who underwent surgery) with greater than 1 year follow up (range 1-7 years). We were impressed by the potential severity of the craniofacial deformity that can occur in what is often considered a positional deformation caused either by intrauterine conditions or by postnatal positioning. To decide which children were candidates for craniofacial reconstruction, we reviewed our cases and determined what we considered were appropriate criteria for craniofacial surgery. Among the 22 patients selected for surgery, 16 patients had changes in facial characteristics secondary to skull base and petrous ridge deformation, which often led to mandibular malalignment. In addition, 11 children were found to have developed scolosis of the face, similar to that seen in anterior plagiocephaly. The long-term severity of these selected craniofacial deformities may be markedly reduced if these children are operated on early with craniofacial reconstruction techniques. The removal of the lambdoid sutures, which appears to apply a twisting or torque effect on the facial structures and skull base, assisted in the children's further normal cranial development. In the children that were operated on before 1 year of age, most of the facial asymmetry was corrected. In addition, we observed that several of the children showed correction of the malignment of the ears, a common finding in these cases. Three-dimensional reconstructions have been extremely helpful in documenting the abnormalities of the skull base and sutural patterns and in planning the surgical approaches. All the patients had either a Marchac transposition or a bandeau/forehead type reconstruction. There were no long-term complications, and the esthetic results were considered good to excellent.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1996

Recurrent cerebral arteriovenous malformations after negative postoperative angiograms.

Angiography has been considered to be the gold standard to judge the success of treatment for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Patients without residual nidus or early draining veins on postoperative angiograms are considered cured, with the risk of hemorrhage eliminated. A series of five patients with recurrent AVMs after negative postoperative angiography is described. All patients had hemispheric AVMs, presented initially with hemorrhage, and were between 5 and 13 years of age. Recurrence was noted 1 to 9 years later (at 12-16 years of age); after a hemorrhage in three patients, seizures in one, and on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging in one. Four patients underwent angiography that showed recurrence of the AVM at or adjacent to the original site. Three years postsurgery, the fifth patient died from a large intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage originating in the previous location of the AVM; however, the patient did not undergo angiography at the time of recurrence. The initial negative angiograms obtained postoperatively in these patients may be explained by postoperative spasm or thrombosis of a small residual malformation. However, in the authors' cumulative experience with 808 patients who have undergone complete surgical removal of AVMs (of whom 667 were older than 18 years of age), no case of recurrent AVM has been observed in an adult. Therefore, actual regrowth of an AVM may occur in children and could be a consequence of their relatively immature cerebral vasculature and may involve active angiogenesis mediated by humoral factors. The present findings argue against the assumption that AVMs are strictly congenital lesions resulting from failure of capillary formation during early embryogenesis. It is concluded that delayed imaging studies should be considered in children at least 1 year after their initial negative postoperative arteriogram to exclude a recurrent AVM.

Adolescent↗