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Biomedical subjects

J T Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to J T Andersen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Chlamydia trachomatis in acute epididymitis.

The etiology of acute epididymitis was studied in 52 patients. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was demonstrated by culture or serology in 13 patients. In men under the age of 25 C. trachomatis was associated with 7 out of 9 cases of epididymitis, in contrast to none of the 19 cases in men above 35. Culture from the urethra is probably sufficient in diagnosing infection with C. trachomatis in patients with acute epididymitis, since only one patient with a negative urethral culture had a chlamydia-positive aspirate from the epididymis. Half of the cases of epididymitis in men above the age of 35 years were associated with urinary tract infection. One patient was infected with N. gonorrhoeae and one had tuberculosis of the epididymis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

A disposable uroflowmeter for recording of maximum flow rate. Accuracy and clinical acceptability.

A disposable urinary flowmeter (Peakometer) was evaluated in regard to accuracy of measurement and acceptability by patients. Laboratory tests of measurement accuracy were made with five Peakometers as recordings of maximum flow rate and voided volume. The accuracy was found to be acceptable. A minimum voided volume of 200 ml is recommended for a reasonably exact recording of maximum flow rate. Ten patients aged 28-86 years tested the acceptability of the Peakometer. All were able to use the apparatus correctly and to register maximum flow rate and voided volume of urine in accordance with written standardized instructions. The disposable flowmeter can be recommended for patients who live far from their hospital, thus saving time and transport costs. Clinics with relatively few patients requiring urinary flow studies may use the disposable flowmeters, instead of investing in relatively expensive electronic apparatus.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Gastroscopic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a new pivmecillinam tablet.

Three different pivmecillinam preparations, a conventional 200 mg tablet (P tablet) and two new formulations containing respectively pivmecillinam 200 mg and 400 mg plus Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) as a disintegrator (PA tablet), were compared in vitro and in a gastroscopic study in 8 healthy volunteers. Disintegration of the PA tablet was significantly more rapid both in vitro and in the stomach. Following disintegration, the content of the PA tablet was spread over a larger area of the gastric mucosa (1088 mm2) than was observed with the P tablets (408 mm2). Three of the 8 volunteers taking the P tablet developed hyperaemia, interstitial bleeding or erosions of the mucosa of the stomach. No such reactions were seen with the PA tablets. Serum concentrations of mecillinam following ingestion of pivmecillinam tablets were determined in three groups of subjects; fasting volunteers, both supine and ambulant, and in ambulant subjects who took the preparation with a light meal. There was a tendency for the new PA tablets to produce a higher peak serum level as well as greater bioavailability of mecillinam. Administration of the PA tablets with a meal significantly increased the peak serum level and total bioavailability of the drug. On the basis of our observations we recommend adoption of the new PA tablet, because of its quick passage through the oesophagus and its more rapid and complete disintegration in the stomach.

Amdinocillin Pivoxil↗
PubMed1982

High flow infravesical obstruction in men: symptomatology, urodynamics and the results of surgery.

High flow infravesical obstruction in male patients with severe prostatism is defined by a maximum flow rate of more than 15 ml. per second and a vesical pressure exceeding 100 cm. water at maximum flow rate. During a 9-month period urodynamic screening of 225 patients referred to our hospital with prostatism revealed high flow infravesical obstruction in 16 (7 per cent). Transurethral surgery of the prostate or bladder neck was performed in 11 of the patients, with good results observed in symptomatology as well as in maximum flow rate. A urodynamic screening program is suggested to establish the diagnosis so that these patients can benefit from surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Functional bladder neck obstruction. Voiding cysto-urethrography and pressure-flow measurements.

The results of voiding cysto-urethrography with simultaneous pressure-flow measurements in 24 patients with functional bladder neck obstruction are reported and compared with the findings in 10 healthy younger males. The bladder neck diameter was statistically significantly smaller in the patients (p less than 0.01). Absence of or slight funnelling of the bladder neck during voiding occurred in 79 per cent of the patients. The pressure-flow recording documented infravesical obstruction in the patients. Voiding cystourethrography appears to be mandatory in the diagnosis of functional bladder neck obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prostatism. III. Detrusor hyperreflexia and residual urine. Clinical and urodynamic aspects and the influence of surgery on the prostate.

Detrusor reflex function and residual urine were assessed in 104 consecutive patients referred to hospital with prostatism. 53% of the patients had detrusor hyperreflexia, whereas a decompensated bladder was found in only 10% of the patients. A longer duration of symptoms was found among the patients with decompensated bladder, suggesting two different clinical courses of bladder outlet obstruction. Detrusor hyperreflexia did not bear any statistically significant correlation to urodynamic parameters of intravesical obstruction, but in 26 of the patients with detrusor hyperreflexia undergoing surgery on the prostate, 69% (95% confidence limits, 48-86%) gained normal detrusor reflex function 6 months after surgery. Residual urine volume was statistically significantly correlated to urodynamic parameters reflecting the function of the detrusor muscle, but not to the maximum flow rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Reversible bladder denervation in acute polyradiculitis.

A case of reversible bladder denervation in acute polyradiculitis is presented, in which both motor and sensory bladder involvement could be demonstrated using cystometry and denervation-hypersensitivity testing. Attention is drawn to the differential diagnosis to cauda equina syndromes of other etiologies, and treatment with prompt catheter drainage is emphasized. Catheter removal should be guided by disappearance of denervation supersensitivity, and residual urine control by non-invasive methods is recommended.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Risk factors in first-trimester abortion.

Among 238 women who underwent first-trimester abortion and who were randomized to the placebo group in a clinical controlled trial we studied the possible correlation of the variables age, parity, number of previous spontaneous and induced abortions, previous pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), gestational age, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, social status, and the application of an intrauterine device (IUD) at abortion - to the number of days with pain, bleeding, discharge, fever, absence from work, and day of first coitus after abortion. The ANOVA test of Kruskal-Wallis with the limit of significance p less than 0.05 was employed. Women with one or more previous spontaneous abortions had significantly more days with postabortive bleeding (p = 0.010). Women with previous PID and women with dysmenorrhea had significantly more days with pain after abortion (p = 0.011 and p = 0.001). Women at a gestational age of 11-12 weeks had significantly more days with fever (p = 0.009). Women who had an IUD inserted at abortion suffered more days with pain and bleeding (p = 0.038 and p = 0.043). No one group of women carried a risk of several severe complaints after abortion except those with a history of PID.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Prophylactic antibiotics in first-trimester abortions: a clinical, controlled trial.

The efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in induced first-trimester abortions was investigated in a double-blind study. Of the 493 women in the study, 254 received doses of 2 million IU of penicillin G intramuscularly one-half hour before and 3 hours after the procedure, followed by 350 mg of pivampicillin three times daily for 4 days, and 239 women received corresponding doses of placebo. The incidence of pelvic infectious complications was 5.5% in the treated group and 10.9% in the control group (p = 0.05). The difference could be attributed to a selective prophylactic effect in women who had earlier suffered from pelvic inflammatory disease (N = 105). The rate of infection in this group was 22.4% among those receiving placebo and 2.1% among those receiving antibiotics (p = 0.006). Prophylactic administration of antibiotics for first-trimester abortions should be used in women who have earlier had pelvic inflammatory disease.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

[The effects of drugs on vesico-urethral function].

Disturbances of the bladder-urethra function may lead either to frequency, urinary incontinence, or urinary retention. A survey is given on the drugs most frequently used in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Special attention is drawn to the use of parasympatholytics in the treatment of hyperactive detrusor function (unstable bladder), sympathomimetics in the treatment of decreased urethral resistance, parasympathomimetics in the treatment of hypoactive detrusor function and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents in the treatment of increased urethral resistance.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Neurogenic bladder.

A survey of the innervation of the bladder and urethra is presented. Based on the defects of innervation the main types of neurogenic bladder disorders are classified and described. The principal diagnostic procedures, cystometry and sphincter-electromyography, are reviewed in detail. The findings at voiding cysto-urethrography are depicted. It is important to be able to distinguish between voiding disorders of non-neurogenic and neurogenic origin. The specific treatment of the various types of neurogenic disorders of the lower urinary tract is described.

Autonomic Nervous System↗