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Biomedical subjects

J Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to J Stanley.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.

A 24-year old woman had the major features of the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: recurrent staphylococcal skin infections (from the age of 6 months), an extremely elevated serum immunoglobulin E level (25,000 units/ml), and defective neutrophil chemotaxis. This patient also had peripheral blood eosinophilia and cutaneous candidiasis. There was a family history of asthma, but the patient herself did not have a history of asthma or hay fever, and, on examination, had no evidence of atopic dermatitis. The patient has not had any systemic infections. Results of the skin biopsy showed dermal edema and a perivascular infiltrate with eosinophils and an increased number of mast cells. The clinical spectrum of the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome may include atopic dermatitis, mucocutaneous candidiasis, systemic infections, and/or the features of Job's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Experience with an adolescent pregnancy program. A preliminary report.

A program has been designed to give comprehensive health care services to pregnant adolescents. The program components include community liason, patient education, counseling and social services, a nurse "on call" program for labor and delivery, and pediatric nurse-practitioner followup. In addition, a drug use identification component screens the patients by interview and urinalysis. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy occurred in 10% of the first 202 patients. Forty-three percent had anemia (hematocrit less than 35%), and screening cervical cultures for gonorrhea were positive in 3.5%. Cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana constituted the most common nonmedical drugs used, and aspirin the most common medical drug. Eighty-one percent of the patients attended 7 or more antenatal visits, one-half did not miss a single clinic appointment, and 95% completed a post-partum visit, indicating that the program was well accepted by the adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Mitral valve replacement in children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease.

To our knowledge, no documented hemodynamic studies in larger series of young patients undergoing valve replacement for rheumatic valvular disease have been reported previously. It seems to us that the natural history of rheumatic heart disease in India often follows a rapid and fulminant course which makes an aggressive surgical approach mandatory. An operative mortality of 22 % was seen in this series. Pronounced cardiac disability together with the poor general condition and the low nutritional status contributed in no small measure to this figure. Patients have been followed for periods ranging from 6 months to 6 years following corrective surgery. A remarkable absence of thrombo-embolic phenomena was a striking feature in the follow-up. There has been no evidence of rheumatic reactivation in any of these patients. This communication reinforces the beneficial results of valve replacement even at this young age when severe mitral incompetence exists refractory to medical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Size dependence of the response of Lewis lung tumors to BCNU.

The survival of Lewis lung tumor cells has been studied after a single ip dose of BCNU. In dissectible subcutaneous and intramuscular tumors and artificial lung metastases survival was measured by colony formation in soft agar and in vivo in the lung. The long-term control of small lung nodules by single doses of BCNU was studied and cell-survival estimates were inferred. The results demonstrate that the cytotoxic action of BCNU shows a strong dependence upon tumor size.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Continuing education of obstetricians and gynecologists in fertility management.

One of the current fundamental problems in medicine is the massive quantity of new information that continues to develop and the requirement for the application of these data to good patient care. New techniques of merit need to be placed rapidly in the patient-care arena and the time lag between the steps from laboratory to clinic minimized. One approach to the achievement of the goal in fertility management is described in the following report; namely, a summary of the results of an education program in fertility management established in November, 1972, for the continued education of obstetricians and gynecologists from "developing countries". This report reviews the experience and data derived from the first 95 physicians completing a course in population dynamics. An estimate of the factual knowledge that these individual physicians possessed at the beginning of the course is compared with an estimate of the knowledge acquired within the 4 week training program. In a similar manner, an important part of this survey was a study of the attitudes of the clinical fellows in the areas of sex education, contraception, sterilization, and abortion. The results of this study suggest that newly developed techniques in clinical medicine may be taught to a specific and highly motivated group in an effective and efficient manner. The initial interest and response of physicians for admission to this program have demonstrated the need for the development of more similar educational programs.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1975

Admissions screening: clinical benefits.

One thousand patients admitted to a 575-bed general hospital during a 6-month period each underwent 20 chemical and hematologic tests. The potential clinical benefit was assessed. There were 2223 abnormal results found; 675 were predicted on clinical assessment, 1325 did not yield new diagnoses, and the remaining 223 led to 83 new diagnoses in 77 patients. On critical evaluation of the new diagnoses, none were unequivocally beneficial to the patient. Up to 30 patients might have benefited had these abnormal findings been followed up diligently, 39 others had findings or diagnoses of no lasting significance, and in 14 patients asymptomatic mild biochemical diabetes was discovered. Although screening may reveal many abnormal test results, the clinical benefits are not impressive.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Guidelines for the management of hepatitis C in general practice: a semi-qualitative interview survey of GPs' views regarding content and implementation.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is a common infection among people who attend GPs for methadone maintenance treatment. AIM: To determine the views of GPs towards clinical guidelines for the management of hepatitis C among current or former injecting drug users in advance of their implementation. METHODS: A purposive sample of 14 GPs (10% of the total prescribing methadone at the time the guidelines were developed) was invited to review a pre-publication draft of the guidelines and interviewed regarding content, presentation, perceived barriers to implementation and suggested interventions to facilitate effective implementation of the guidelines. RESULTS: GPs indicated the guidelines were useful but suggested aspects of presentation should be clarified. Organisational issues were identified as the principal barriers to effective implementation, with the provision of additional nursing support the principal intervention suggested to facilitate implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Interviewing intended recipients may be an important step in ensuring clinical practice guidelines are effectively implemented.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCB and DDE congeners in pooled food samples collected in 1995 at supermarkets across the United States.

Food, particularly dairy products, meat, and fish, has been identified as the primary immediate source of intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for the general population. We previously reported PCDD/Fs in individual analyses of food samples from a number of countries, including the U.S., the former Soviet Union, and Vietnam. We also previously estimated daily intake of dioxins and related chemicals in Americans at various ages in these reports. In this paper, the levels of dioxins, dibenzofurans, dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs), selected dioxin-like PCBs, and DDE (a persistent metabolite of DDT) were measured in 12 pooled food samples from over 90 individual specimens collected from supermarkets throughout the United States during 1995. Samples were pooled by food groups and then analyzed. Food samples were collected in Binghamton, New York; Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; San Diego, California; and Louisville, Kentucky. In addition to the meat, dairy, and fish samples, a vegan (all vegetable, fruit and grain, no animal product) diet, was simulated; this showed the lowest level of dioxins.

Benzofurans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid identification by PCR of the genus Campylobacter and of five Campylobacter species enteropathogenic for man and animals.

The nucleotide sequences for the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were compared for 33 species comprising the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria (genera: Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Arcobacter and Wolinella). Regions specific for the genus Campylobacter and for five Campylobacter species important in human and/or veterinary medicine were identified. From these regions, PCR primer pairs were designed for use in species-specific identification. Primer pairs were validated against strains representing all taxa of campylobacter-like organisms. They did not amplify products other than from their five target species (C. upsaliensis, C. helveticus, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis and C. lari), and they generated amplicons of defined size from large numbers of strains of those species. A primer pair suitable for identification of the genus Campylobacter was also identified and validated. This generated amplicons from all species of Campylobacter as well as from unnamed groups known to be within the genus, but not from any species or unnamed strains of Helicobacter, Arcobacter or Wolinella.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictive modelling of fluorescent AFLP: a new approach to the molecular epidemiology of E. coli.

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) permits simultaneous sampling of multiple loci distributed throughout a genome, using restriction site/adaptor-specific primers under stringent conditions. Fluorescent detection instrumentation further refines this methodology, permitting internal size standards and accurate, reproducible sizing of amplified fragments. We have evaluated the potential of fluorescent AFLP (FAFLP) as a potentially definitive genotyping method for bacteria, by comparing MseI/EcoRI fragments derived experimentally from the Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 genome with those predicted by analysis of its published sequence. In silico, MseI/EcoRI digestion of this sequence produced 1200 fragments from 36 and 2151 base pairs (bp) in size. Fragment subsets which would be amplified by seven different selective (1-2 bases added to the 3' end of the core primer sequence) primer combinations were modelled. Depending on the primer pair, three to 54 fragments (range 70-400 bp) were predicted, while all seven primer pair combinations together generated 121 predicted fragments. When genomic DNA of strain MG1655 was subjected to experimental FAFLP with these seven primers, 111 correctly sized fragments were observed (+/- 1 bp) out of the 121 predicted (92% accuracy). Twenty-five unpredicted fragments were obtained; an average of four per primer pair. The size and number of fragments in FAFLP, and their gel distribution, were dictated by the choice of restriction endonucleases and the degree of primer selectivity. Our data show that FAFLP is accurate, discriminatory, reproducible and capable of standardisation. Under agreed conditions, this method shows considerable promise as a generally applicable standardised bacterial genotyping method. The fragments predicted in silico to result from amplification of MseI/EcoRI-digested DNA with the seven primer pairs described are here used to define a prototypic FAFLP analysis of E. coli.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Keratinocytes blocked in phorbol ester-responsive early stage of terminal differentiation by sarcoma viruses.

It has been suggested that the initiation step in mouse skin carcinogenesis involves an alteration in epidermal-differentiation, as mouse basal keratinocytes exposed to initiators resist the arrest of cell growth that is normally associated with the induction of terminal differentiation by calcium ions. The growth of epidermal basal cells infected by Kirsten (Ki) or Harvey (Ha) sarcoma viruses is, however, arrested in response to calcium ions, although the cells do not progress through their entire maturation programme when a functioning ras gene of those viruses is expressed. If continuous proliferation in the differentiating cell layers is a requirement for tumour formation in skin, the response of sarcoma virus-infected cells seems inconsistent with the suggestion that an activated ras gene is sufficient to initiate skin carcinogenesis. We now show that sarcoma virus-infected keratinocytes, when induced to differentiate, are blocked at an early, reversible stage of maturation. Furthermore, the cells respond to phorbol ester tumour promoters by undergoing a phenotypic reversion to a less mature stage. These results suggest that activation of a ras gene can produce conditionally initiated cells, in which the full expression of tumorigenicity depends on exposure to tumour promoters.

Acyltransferases↗