Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Stanley.
Biliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are among the rare neoplasms of the biliary ductal system. This article presents 3 adult patients in whom such large multiloculated biliary tumors were diagnosed. The characteristic features noted on ultrasonography, computed tomography, and angiography of the liver are illustrated and the literature is reviewed.
The classification of mechanobullous diseases often depends on the electron microscopic distinction of intradermal (dermolytic), junctional and intraepidermal sites of cleavage. Electron microscopy is tedious and time consuming. In this report we describe a different approach to the determination of the cleavage plane by using a method which recognizes subtle differences in the localization of antigenic structures relative to the cleavage plane. Cryostat sections of lesional and extralesional skin of 3 patients with dermolytic epidermolysis bullosa, 3 with epidermolytic epidermolysis bullosa and 8 with junctional epidermolysis bullosa were examined by immunofluorescence, with specific antisera against type IV collagen (localized within the basal lamina); against laminin (noncollagenous protein, localized in the lamina lucida); and with bullous pemphigoid antibodies (directed against the bullous pemphigoid antigen localized in the lamina lucida). All specimens were also examined by electron microscopy. In dermolytic epidermolysis bullosa (where cleft formation occurs intradermally) type IV collagen, laminin and the bullous pemphigoid antigen were consistently found in the roof of the blister, whereas in junctional epidermolysis bullosa (where the cleft occurs in the lamina lucida) type IV collagen and laminin were found on the floor of the blister whereas bullous pemphigoid antigen was present mainly on the roof, but focally also on the floor, of the blister. In epidermolytic epidermolysis bullosa (where the cleft is intraepidermal) all antigens were localized below the cleavage plane. In all cases electron microscopy confirmed the level of cleft formation predicted from the immunofluorescence mapping of the antigenic sites. The described method equals electron microscopy in accuracy but it is more rapid and simpler to perform.
While computed tomography (CT) is an accepted procedure for investigation of the inferior vena cava (IVC), little attention has been given to its use in IVC thrombosis secondary to proximal extension of thrombi within the lower venous system. Four cases are presented and several advantages of CT over standard contrast examinations are given.
Biochemical studies on the hippocampus of acutely prepared rabbits revealed more than twofold increases in cyclic GMP levels following tetanic potentiation of the pathway from the medial septal region to CA1 pyramidal cells. Diazepam, administered intravenously, prevented the elevation in cyclic GMP levels in this region and also attenuated the post-tetanic potentiation seen following the presentation of trains at frequencies within theta rhythm. The results imply a modulatory role for cyclic nucleotides in the enhancement of pyramidal cell excitability and suggest that the biochemical mechanism for the psychoactive benzodiazepines may well include the suppression of cyclic GMP levels.
The sequences of the first 17 nucleotides of cowpea mosaic virus middle and bottom RNAs adjacent to the covalently-linked proteins have been determined. Sequences of the oligonucleotides, produced by complete T1 RNase digestion, were established after labelling of the 3' termini in vitro using RNA ligase. Both sequences are A/U-rich, the first nine nucleotides being identical.
The effects of muscimol on rabbit hippocampal pyramidal cell firing were studied and compared after iontophoretic, topical, and intravenous administration of the drug. All modes of application resulted in a bicuculline-sensitive, strychnine-insensitive, depression of the monosynaptically activated population spike evoked by micro-stimulation of the contralateral hippocampal field. These findings indicate that systemically administered muscimol selectively activates hippocampal GABA receptors suggesting that this compound may be useful for studying limbic system physiology.
We have demonstrated that the 5' termini of the DNAs of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) isolates CM4-184 and Cabb B-JI have free hydroxyl groups accessible for phosphorylation using polynucleotide kinase. This has enabled us, using the Cabb B-JI isolate, to label and identify the 5' nucleotides. Digestion of 5' terminally labelled DNA with EcoRI restriction endonuclease revealed that only three of the eleven single-stranded EcoRI fragments were labelled, those situated adjacent to the three known gaps in the double-stranded genome. Identification of the labelled fragments indicated the polarity of the genome. Hybridization experiments using RNA transcripts from infected leaves gave results consistent with the polarity data and confirmed the direction of transcription. Transcription on the largest DNA strand (alpha strand) is initiated between map units 0.24 and 0.30 and terminates between map units 0.0 and 0.24.
We have determined the sequence of 80 nucleotides adjacent to 3' poly(A) of both (middle and bottom component) cowpea mosaic virus RNAs, using dideoxynucleotide termination of reverse transcription. Sequence conservation is indicated, there being about 80% homology between the first 65 bases of each RNA. Although both RNAs are polyadenylated, there is no AAUAAA sequence as associated with most known polyadenylated mRNAs of eukaryotes and viruses. However both RNAs are U and A-rich in this region.
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Identical twins with mal de Meleda, a rare genodermatosis, displayed the characteristic "glove and sock" hyperkeratosis, hyperhidrosis, and malodor. Their parents, who are first cousins, are unaffected and originated from Calabria, Italy, which is not far from Meleda (Mljet). The disorder is probably transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Previous therapy with grenz rays, topical preparations of adrenocorticosteroids, lactic acid, retinoic acid, and bland emollients had been unsuccessful. One of the twins was treated with 13-cis retinoic acid taken by mouth for 16 weeks with dramatic improvement. The major adverse effect was cheilitis, which did not force discontinuation of the treatment.
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Evidence is presented for the presence of a protein covalently bound to the 5' termini of both M and B RNA components of CPMV. The protein is found to be linked in both cases to the 5' phosphate of the dinucleotide pUpAp, derived by ribonuclease digestion of the RNA. The intact protein is not required for infectivity or for in vitro translation of the RNA in cell-free extracts.
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The region of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NCA 1503 23-S ribosomal RNA protected from T1 ribonuclease digestion by the 50-S ribosomal subunit protein L1 from Escherichia coli has been established. The sequence of 115 nucleotides is compared to the analogous region in E. coli. The similar behaviour of the RNA towards the recognition of protein L1 may be explained in terms of secondary base-pairing, even though there exists almost 40% difference between the primary nucleotide sequences.
A clinically characteristic hypersensitivity reaction to phenytoin occurred in two patients three to four weeks after they started phenytoin therapy. It consisted of a characteristic rash, fever, tender generalized lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, and eosinophilia. One patient had liver function abnormalities suggestive of hepatitis, as have most previously reported cases. The rash was pruritic and generalized; it consisted of irregular, ill-defined macular erythema in patches with superimposed follicular papules and massive edema of the face and periorbital region. Facial edema is characteristic of this syndrome. In one case the rash progressed to include follicular pustules and resolved with superficial desquamation. Histopathologic specimens from both cases showed a dense, superficial lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the dermis and epidermal spongiosis. Intraepidermal pustules were present in one patient. The importance of recognizing this syndrome is stressed because it is potentially fatal.