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Biomedical subjects

J Sol

Publications and source records attributed to J Sol.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[An outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae mastitis].

A serious outbreak of mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is described. Shortly after drying off, three cows died of mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and five other cows became seriously ill but survived. Sawdust contiminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified as the most likely source of these infections. In addition to detection of possible sources of infection, another important aspect of eradication is the detection of quarters infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Rigorous application of these measures led to resolution of the outbreak within a few months.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Mastitis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a cow].

Subclinical mastitis with a raised somatic cell count was diagnosed in a cow in her fifth lactation. It was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which can also infect humans. This is the first time that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis has been isolated from a mastitis sample in The Netherlands. Despite treatment with antibiotics in the dry period, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was still present in the same quarter in the subsequent lactation. The somatic cell count was still high and milk production was much lower than in previous lactation. The pathogen did not spread to other quarters of the same cow or to herd mates on the farm over a 1-year period.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Practical aspects at drying-off].

Drying off cows with antibiotics is an effective method to cure existing infections at drying off and to prevent new infections during the dry period. In the recent years, a shift has been observed from contagious to environmental pathogens. This influences the general preventive measures and the choice for the drying off treatment. Important factors influencing the efficacy of dry cow products are general hygienic measures, length of the dry period, production at drying-off, somatic cell count at drying-off and the udder pathogens circulating on the farm.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

In vitro growth inhibition of major mastitis pathogens by Staphylococcus chromogenes originating from teat apices of dairy heifers.

Earlier field observations suggest that teat apex colonization by Staphylococcus chromogenes pre-partum in dairy heifers protects udder quarters against elevated somatic cell counts early post-partum. To explain these findings, the in vitro inhibitory capability of S. chromogenes from teat apices of heifers towards some major mastitis pathogens was tested using a modified cross-streaking method. Two out of 10 S. chromogenes isolates, both originating from two different teats from the same heifer, consistently inhibited growth of all Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis strains, but none of the Escherichia coli strains. The present study, therefore, supports the protective effect of teat apex colonization by S. chromogenes by in vitro production of inhibitory substances.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Drying off cows: a comparative study with two dry cow products].

From September 1998 to September 1999, at drying off 397 cows on 73 Dutch farms were treated, with two antibiotic containing dry cow products (cloxacillin; penicillin-neomycin). Farms and cows were selected on an increased bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) and individual cow somatic cell count. The objective of the trial was to compare the efficacy of both products under field conditions. Both products proved to be highly effective against streptococci and penicillin sensitive staphylococci. Because of the low incidence of infections caused by Escherichia coli and penicillin resistant staphylococci no conclusions could be drawn on differences in activity for these two pathogens. No significant differences were found between the two products in cure rate of existing infections at drying off, incidence of new infections during the dry period, incidence of clinical mastitis during the dry period and the course of the individual cow cell counts during the trial.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Myiasis in sheep in The Netherlands.

In 1999, among 164 randomly selected Dutch sheep farmers, a questionnaire was carried out to estimate the prevalence of myiasis in sheep and to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of myiasis. The total number of sheep and/or lambs on the reference date 1 August 1999 was 12,200: 5243 ewes, 225 rams, 3393 ewe- and 3339 ram lambs. On 86 (52.4%) of the farms 349 (2.9%) of all sheep and/or lambs contracted myiasis, of which two died. Myiasis was seen significantly more frequently on farms with over 25 ewes compared to smaller farms. Cases of myiasis were detected from April to September, with a peak (47.1%) in August. Occurrence of myiasis was most frequently associated with hot and humid weather and was mainly observed (69.1%) in the area around the tail.Ewes and ewe lambs had significantly more myiasis when compared with rams and ram lambs. There was no relationship with tail docking, with breed, with the time of shearing, with the kind of soil (clay, sand, etc.), with the environment (bush, trees, water, etc.), with the type of treatment (pour on, dipping, spraying), the used insecticides (synthetic pyrethroïds, diazinon, cyromazin, etc.), the number of preventive treatments, the time of treatment or the number of observations on the herd (once a day, once a week, etc.).

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[A case of demodicosis on a Dutch dairy farm].

Demodex bovis is a burrowing mite that lives in the hair follicles of cattle, resulting in nodules, granulomatous inflammation, and the formation of scar tissue. Clinical and histopathological changes of a recently diagnosed case of demodicosis on a Dutch dairy farm are presented before and after treatment. Treatment results were disappointing. The role of demodicosis in Dutch dairy farming is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of preculture freezing and incubation on bacteriological isolation from subclinical mastitis samples.

In this study the sensitivity of three methods of isolation of udder pathogens from milk samples from subclinical mastitis cases was compared. For analysis 1827 quarter milk samples were selected. Milk was cultured using a standard culture technique (0.01 ml of fresh milk streaked on a sheep blood agar plate and on Edward's medium). In addition, an inoculum of 0.01 ml of the original milk sample was incubated for 24h at 37 degrees C in broth, followed by culture using the standard culture technique. In the third method, the whole milk sample was frozen for 24h, and then incubated for 24h at 37 degrees C, followed by culture using standard culture technique. The isolation percentage of Staphylococcus aureus was 4.7% for standard culture technique, 14.2% for incubation in broth, and 21.5% for the combination of freezing plus incubation. Isolation percentage of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus agalactiae was highest using the standard culture technique, while isolation rate of Streptococcus uberis was not different among the three methods used. With increasing somatic cell count, the likelihood of S. aureus, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis isolation increased. Based on the relative sensitivity, defined as the isolation rate using a single technique compared to the isolation rate of the three techniques together, a combination of standard culture technique and freezing plus incubation was most attractive for achieving a high isolation rate of S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae. Relative sensitivity of S. uberis isolation was highest using the standard culture technique and incubation in broth, while S. aureus was most often isolated using a combination of incubation in broth and freezing plus incubation. A combination of the three methods increased the isolation rate for S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis and S. aureus. The standard culture technique, together with the combination of freezing plus incubation, can be recommended for isolating major udder pathogens. If S. aureus is the pathogen of main interest, using incubation in broth together with the combination of freezing plus incubation performed best.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cross-sectional serological survey on gastrointestinal and lung nematode infections in first and second-year replacement stock in the netherlands: relation with management practices and use of anthelmintics.

A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 86 farms randomly distributed in The Netherlands. After housing following the first and the second grazing season (FGS and SGS) serum samples were collected to determine IgG levels against Cooperia oncophora and Dictyocaulus viviparus, and the pepsinogen content. A questionnaire was used to inquire on grazing management practices and the use of anthelmintic drugs. On 80.7 and 60.2% of the farms FGS and SGS animals, respectively, were treated at least once with an anthelmintic drug. The percentage for the SGS animals indicates that the use of anthelmintic drugs in those animals has increased enormously over the last 10-15 years. Generally, parasitic nematode control in the FGS is good on most farms, but it can be characterised as being overprotective. There is a tendency that if anthelmintic drugs are used in the FGS they also are used more often in the SGS. On 12 farms (14%), no anthelmintic drugs were given in the FGS and the SGS. These farms did not differ from the others with respect to management practices in any obvious way. The serological results were in general very low, indicating low levels of exposure to gastrointestinal nematode infection in both FGS and SGS animals. This was not surprising in view of the good to high level of nematode control practices reported by the farmers. Although not statistically significant, a consistent result was that serological results for the SGS animals were more often positive or on average higher on those farms where FGS parasite control tended to be excessive. For D. viviparus, a prevalence rate of 41% positive farms was found. Following comparison with previous data, it is speculated that lungworm (sero-)prevalence in replacement stock may be declining as a result of continuing high levels of parasite control in replacement stock. It is concluded that the results confirm previous surveys, lending support to the conclusion that parasitic nematode control on Dutch dairy farms, certainly in FGS calves, is good but tends to be overprotective.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2000

Factors associated with cure after therapy of clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

One hundred and fifty-nine cases of clinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis were analyzed to detect factors associated with bacteriological cure after therapy. On 100 Dutch dairy farms, data were collected from four clinical trials with five intramammary treatment regimes designed to treat beta-lactamase-positive pathogens. Infected quarters were treated three times, with a 12-h interval between treatments. Treatment was extended for 2 d if results of the trial treatment were, according to the owner, not satisfactory. The overall bacteriological cure rate was 52%. The bacteriological cure rate of clinical beta-lactamase-negative S. aureus mastitis was significantly higher than that of clinical beta-lactamase-positive S. aureus mastitis. Bacteriological cure was also significantly higher if somatic cell count of the cow was low at the milk recording prior to the onset of the clinical mastitis. The bacteriological cure rate of clinical beta-lactamase-negative S. aureus mastitis was also significantly higher after an extended treatment compared with no extended treatment. The seriousness of the various clinical symptoms and the bacteriological cure rate of clinical S. aureus mastitis were not associated.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed2000

[Endoscopic surgery of third ventricle lesions].

The endoscopic approach of the tumors of the third ventricle interests mainly the colloid cysts but also offers the possibilities of biopsies. Twenty two patients (16 men and 6 women, average age 41 years) presenting with hydrocephalus related to a tumor of the pineal area were treated by a ventriculostomy with attempt at biopsy : they are outside of the limits of this report. Twenty two other patients (15 men, 7 women, average age 39 years) were operated on from 1994 to 1999 for a colloid cyst, and 2 of them were admitted in emergency in sudden coma. The CT scan showed a colloid cyst (hyperdense in 16 patients) associated with an hydrocephalus, except for a patient previously shunted. The diameter of the cyst varied from 4 to 50 mm (average of 20 mm). All the patients were operated on using a rigid endoscope. Among the 20 patients presenting a tumor of the pineal area, a biopsy was possible only in 4 cases (20%). There were no hemorrhage nor neurological disorders. In all the cases, the size and the number of the specimens were sufficient to allow the histological diagnosis. For the patients presenting with colloid cyst, the average follow-up is 2 years. All the preoperative symptoms disappeared except for the memory disorders which were improved. The post-operative Evans index decreased significantly. No residual cyst was observed on the post-operative MRI in 14 patients (63%). Among these patients, an asymptomatic recurrence was observed and remained stable after 44 months of follow-up. A residual cyst was observed in 8 patients (36%), with a diameter from 5 to 25 mm (average 9 mm). No patient required a shunt procedure, and no patient presented hemorrhagic complication. Endoscopy is especially useful in the first line treatment of the colloid cysts of the third ventricle.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Management practices and use of anthelmintics on dairy cattle farms in The Netherlands: results of a questionnaire survey.

In December 1996, a questionnaire about farm management and parasite control measures in calves was sent to 956 randomly chosen dairy cattle farmers in The Netherlands. Another 150 farmers in the vicinity of Deventer who had vaccinated their calves in 1995 against lungworm were approached with the same questions. Our object was to investigate the consequences on worm control of the withdrawal of the lungworm vaccine from the market for reasons of possible BSE contamination of the vaccine. OF the returned questionnaires, 411 (43%) of the 'at random' group and 89 (59.3%) of the 'Deventer' group were valid. The most important data with regard to the farms of the 'at random' group (41) were: mean area 31.6 ha, mean number of calves 23, heifers 23 and milking cows 53. Sheep (mean 37) were present on 18.3% of the farms. With regard to management: 74.5% of the farmers turned the calves in their first year onto pasture, 25.5% kept them indoors. The average time on pasture was ca. 5 months. Rational grazing was practise on 81.4% of the farms, on 18.6% calves were set stocked. The first pasture of the calves was mown before turn-out on 72.9% of the farms. On 48.2% of these farms, calves were always moved to mown pastures. With regard to treatments: 33.8% of the farmers vaccinated their calves against lungworm in the years 1993, 1994 and 1995. Despite the withdrawal of the vaccine from the market in 1996, 7.2% of the farmers vaccinated their calves as recommended, with two doses, and 13.1% with a single dose. At turn-out, 41.5% of the farmers gave the calves a preventive anthelmintic treatment. Of these treatments, 66.9% were sustained of pulse release long acting device. During the grazing season, 36.6% of the farmers treated their calves. After housing 50.3% of the farmers gave a treatment. Signs of lungworm infection were noticed on 18.6% of the farms. Of the 'Deventer' group (89 farmers), 96.6% turned the calves out, Of these farmers, 86.0% had used the lungworm vaccine in 1995. In 1996, 52.7% of the farmers had vaccinated the calves:36.5% with a single dose and 16.2% with the double dose. Of the 35 farmers who did not vaccinate in 1996, 62.9% gave a preventive treatment at turn-out. Clinical signs of lungworm infection were not observed on the 12 farms which vaccinated the calves twice. On 11% of the farms which vaccinated once and on 14% of the farms which did not vaccinate, signs of lungworm infection were observed. It is concluded that more than 80% of Dutch dairy cattle farmers take appropriate measures to control gastrointestinal nematode and lungworm infections in calves in their first grazing season by grazing on aftermath, rotational grazing on mown pastures combined or not with preventive anthelmintic treatments. However, combinations of aftermath grazing and preventive treatment occurred on 30% of the farms. This may be overprotective and may prevent sufficient build up of immunity, causing worm problems at a later age. The withdrawal of the lungworm vaccine from the market did not cause a rise in lungworm problems. Some farmers did vaccinate, despite the withdrawal. The majority used other preventive treatment measures, mainly the application of long acting boli.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Warble fly: an update].

The cycle of the warble fly, the possibilities for detection and treatment and the prevalence in Europe are described. In the Netherlands in 1953 a warble fly law was enacted. The eradication of warble fly in the Netherlands was completed in the early eighties. Therefore prevention of a reinfestation is necessary by control of imported cattle and of farms along the border with Belgium and Germany.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Factors affecting the cure rate of Staphylococcus aureus in the drying out of cows using antibiotics: a literature review].

The choice of dry cow antibiotics should be based on clinical efficacy studies. The choice also depends on the sensitivity pattern of S. aureus, and the expected length of the dry period. There are many quarter, cow and herd factors that influence efficacy of dry cow therapy. These factors include somatic cell count, front-versus-hind quarter, age, and the number of infected quarters in a cow. Nutrition of cows at the end of the lactation and hygienic conditions on the farm and off are also important. The effect of extra treatments at dry off are questionable.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A survey of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep in The Netherlands.

The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep was surveyed in 1994 on 70 farms in the Netherlands. An in vitro egg hatch assay, faecal egg count reduction (FECR) 14 days after treatment, and larval cultures were used as methods of investigation. Oxfendazole was tested on 69, ivermectin on 51, and levamisole on 36 farms. The median effective dose (ED50) of thiabendazole could be determined on 64 farms. On 60 farms (94%) the ED50 value was > or = 0.12 microgram ml-1, which is indicative of the presence of benzimidazole (BZ) resistance. On two farms egg output was too low to do a FECR test. Based on the results of the FECR test, BZ resistance was present on 56 farms (84%), on 2 farms there was a suspicion of resistance and on 9 farms no resistance could be found. No clear indications were found for the presence of resistance against ivermectin or levamisole. BZ resistance was demonstrated in Haemonchus contortus, Cooperia curticei, Ostertagia spp. and/or Trichostrongylus spp. No resistance was observed in species from the genus Nematodirus, Chabertia ovina and/or Oesophagostomum spp.

Animals↗