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Biomedical subjects

J Smahel

Publications and source records attributed to J Smahel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Adipose tissue in plastic surgery.

In this article I review the present state of knowledge about adipose tissue as it is relevant to the practical purposes of plastic surgery. Fat cells are normal constituents of loose connective tissue. Large numbers of fat cells organized into lobules are classified as adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is a special form of reticular connective tissue. The lobules are both morphologically and angiologically independent units. They are seen as well-vascularized structures supplied with blood through a pedicle. Severance of the lobule normally results in necrosis. The subcutaneous fat layer derives from the "primitive organs" identifiable in the hypodermis from the fourth fetal month onward. The primitive organs are the basis for individual fat lobules. The development of adipose tissue continues until physical growth is complete. The disposition of the subcutis to develop adipose tissue shows great variation in different regions of the body. The in-situ mechanical resistance of adipose tissue is provided by the supporting structures. The development, structural characteristics, and physiology of adipose tissue can provide an explanation for many of the observations plastic surgeons have made on this tissue. The processes involved in healing, grafting, and reduction of adipose tissue are analyzed and considered in relation to the clinical picture.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

New disposable microvascular clamp.

A new design for a plastic microvascular clamp is described. The clamp consists of two flat blades, with eyes permitting application and removal of the clamp with cross-forceps. Closure is effected by the elasticity of a rubber ring placed around the blades, obviating the need for an articular joint or a spring mechanism. The new design simplifies production of the clamp, which is intended to be disposable, i.e., for once-only use.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Pathophysiology of the burn wound].

The thermal injury produced by the first, second and third degree burn is defined. The degree of thermal damage is characterised by the zones of coagulation, stasis and hyperaemia. The zone of coagulation is definitely lost and the pathophysiological changes in the zone of hyperaemia are spontaneously reversible. The zone of stasis although not immediately destroyed converts to necrosis during the first week after injury owing to a fatal combination of several factors. The healing of a burn wound proceeds from the zone of hyperaemia and follows the same course as in a surgical wound. Modifications of the healing process are produced by the graded nature of the thermal injury and by the presence of coagulated tissue acting as a foreign body. Attempts to reduce the secondary tissue loss concentrate on the zone of stasis the damage to which is considered as potentially reversible. Therapeutic measures positively influencing the pathophysiological processes in a burn wound are discussed.

Burns↗
PubMed1985

[Morphology and topography of valves of the superficial venous system of the forearm and dorsum of the foot (a microsurgical dissection study using scanning electron microscopy].

Microsurgical dissection technique revealed an astonishingly large number of valves in the superficial venous system of the dorsum of the foot and the palmar aspect of the forearm. The distribution and special positioning of these valves are demonstrated. As a result of the anatomical distribution it seems logical to differentiate between segmental and orificial valves. The superficial venous system of the dorsum of the foot consists of two layers, one of which is in particular suitable as a donor for small vein grafts. The venous arcades are given special consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Spontaneous anastomosis of vessels approximately 100 mu in diameter: an experimental study.

Spontaneous anastomosis of vessels approximately 100 mu in diameter was studied in experiments on rats. The vessels--both arteries and veins--were transected and the stumps joined with a suture. In the veins, a fully functional anastomosis developed within 5 to 7 days after the intervention. Spontaneous anastomosis was, however, relatively uncommon with arteries and also took longer. The experiments support the view that anastomosis is governed by chemotaxis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Adipose tissue in plastic surgery].

Current knowledge about adipose tissue is reviewed. Adipose tissue represents a special type of reticular connective tissue. Its full development is reached with the termination of body growth. The structural units of adipose tissue are fat lobules, the vascular supply of each lobule being complete and independent. Problems associated with fatty tissue surgery can be attributed to its structural and functional features. Pathophysiological processes in healing and transplantation of fatty tissue are analysed and correlated with clinical observations. The combination of fatty tissue properties does not favour free transplantation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

A stereomicroscopic system modified for microsurgical laboratory.

An operating table stand incorporating a rotatable mechanical surface with a motorized focusing stage carrier was designed for a standard stereomicroscope. This can be used for microsurgical experiments and practicing microsurgical techniques in small laboratory animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Structure of capsules around silicone implants in hand surgery.

Histological examination was made of twenty-three capsules around silicone implants used in hand surgery. The structure of the capsules was found to be similar to that seen in animal experiments, though they tended to be thicker. A further difference was the frequent occurrence of histiocytes accumulating near the inner margin of the capsule; these would quite frequently form a pseudoepithelium. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Silicone particles were found in the walls of two capsules around joint implants and their origin from the surface of the prosthesis demonstrated.

Finger Joint↗
PubMed1983

[Vein interposition as a pathway for peripheral nerve regeneration].

In experiments on rabbits the use of a vein graft for bridging defects of peripheral nerves was examined. A 10-20 mm long segment of sciatic nerve was removed bilaterally. On one side the gap was bridged with an autologous nerve graft, on the other one an autologous vein graft was used. With relatively small gaps (10 mm) both methods revealed comparable results. When bridging larger defects, the results with nerve grafts were superior to those obtained with vein grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of a deproteinized blood extract on the recovery of blood circulation in an ischaemic skin lesion.

An experimental model was used to study the revascularization of an ischaemic skin lesion and the effect on this process of the blood extract Solcoseryl. Under the conditions given in the experiment, restoration of the circulation was by 2 modes--re-flow in the original vessels, and neovascularization. Solcoseryl given daily i.p. encouraged the re-flow phenomenon and therefore, by improving the microcirculation and nutrition, the healing of the ischaemic lesions.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1981

Clinicopathologic correlations in pseudocapsule formation after breast augmentation.

In 2,000 patients who underwent augmentation mammoplasties with different types of prostheses, the thickness of the pseudocapsules around gel-filled implants was greater than that of the pseudocapsules forming around inflatable implants. This observation was corroborated by an independent histologic study. Deposition of liquid silicone into the pseudo-capsules as well as the adjacent breast tissue and migration into capillaries was demonstrated. Until an impermeable shell or a non-transgressive gel can be manufactured, gel-filled implants should not be used.

Breast↗
PubMed1979

Foreign material in the capsules around breast prostheses and the cellular reaction to it.

Thirteen capsules which had formed around breast prostheses were examined, using the technique of splitting the capsule wall. A foreign material in droplet form was present in all the capsules. The foreign material was taken up by phagocytes, and the cytological evidence is that it has cytotoxic activity. It was shown that the material migrates to the vessels in the outer layer of the capsule and may reach the lumen of those vessels. On the basis of the microscopic appearance and the results of infrared spectrum analysis, the foreign material in the capsules was assumed to be silicone.

Breast↗
PubMed1979

Resurfacing denuded areas of the beard with full thickness scalp grafts.

Reconstruction of a beard-bearing area, such as the upper lip, necessitates hair-bearing grafts no thicker than a full thickness skin graft, in order to allow for normal movement. In the normal scalp, however, most of the follicles reach into the subcutaneous fat. By preoperative epilation it seems possible to induce the catagen phase of the hair cycle during which the follicles migrate into the corium and thus will be transplanted as complete morphological units. The clinical results support this concept.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Fibrous reactions in the tissues which surround silicone breast prostheses.

Fibrotic reactions in adipose tissue, in the pectoral muscle and in the mammary gland are described. These were provoked by trauma to those tissues during implantation. Such reactions cause thickening of the capsule around the implant, and may be contributory factors in constrictive fibrosis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

Tissue reactions to breast implants coated with polyurethane.

The histological features noted in the capsules from 7 polyurethane coated silicone breast prostheses are described. The polyurethane provoked a definite foreign body reaction and was slowly degraded, with some particles ejected from the capsule into the surrounding tissues. Separation of the polyurethane coating from the silicone prosthesis and the degradation of the polyurethane took about two years. Another much more resistant foreign material was found to occur in conjunction with the polyurethane in the capsules. It may be an adhesive or flakes off the silicone shell. Vacuolated spaces were noted in the inner layers of 3 capsules; it was assumed that they contained liquid silicone.

Breast↗